Target Tracking by PPI Display or by Automatic Computer

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
L. Gérardin
Keyword(s):  
Target Tracking ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Automatic Computer ◽  
The Brain

The observation of a radar display by a human operator leads to the establishment of aircraft tracks. These tracks are subsequently used by the controller. More and more often, it is proposed to replace both PPI display and human observer by an automatic computer, either special or general purpose, to perform tracking.In the present paper the basic performances of these two modes of operation are examined, taking into account the psychological and physiological features of human vision and hence the mental association of the viewer. The computer is more precise, but more costly and, when saturated, the drop in performance is abrupt. The number of tracks handled by a human operator is small, but the brain is very versatile and works very well in confused situations, with a slower drop in efficiency than the computer.

scholarly journals Action detection using a neural network elucidates the genetics of mouse grooming behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Q. Geuther ◽  
Asaf Peer ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Gautam Sabnis ◽  
Vivek M. Philip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Grooming Behavior ◽  
Action Detection ◽  
Visual Diversity

AbstractAutomated detection of complex animal behaviors remains a challenging problem in neuroscience, particularly for behaviors that consist of disparate sequential motions. Grooming, a prototypical stereotyped behavior, is often used as an endophenotype in psychiatric genetics. Using mouse grooming behavior as an example, we develop a general purpose neural network architecture capable of dynamic action detection at human observer-level performance and operate across dozens of mouse strains with high visual diversity. We provide insights into the amount of human annotated training data that are needed to achieve such performance. We survey grooming behavior in the open field in 2500 mice across 62 strains, determine its heritable components, conduct GWAS to outline its genetic architecture, and perform PheWAS to link human psychiatric traits through shared underlying genetics. Our general machine learning solution that automatically classifies complex behaviors in large datasets will facilitate systematic studies of mechanisms underlying these behaviors.

scholarly journals Visual Impairment Caused by Monovision Surgical Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Dória Silva ◽  
Rostan Silvestre da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Dória Silva ◽  
Maria Tamires Dória Silva ◽  
Cristiana Pereira Dória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Mobile Mass ◽  
Surgical Implantation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Continuous Progression

Neurophysiological anatomy of natural binocular vision shows the need to focus with both eyes to jointly produce the two corneas accommodation, correcting, in a compensatory way, the divergences inherent in the two different images, of the same visual field projected in the two distinct spaces, the two retinas. Corneal accommodation is part of the forced convection mechanism for the transfer of mobile mass in the cornea, trabecular meshwork and retina, to inhibit the accumulation of dehydrated intraocular metabolic residue, which can cause refractive errors in the cornea, obstruction of the trabecular meshwork and reduction of the amplitude of the signals produced by the phototransducers and sent to the brain. The IOL monovision surgical implantation technique differs from the physiology of natural binocular vision, which can cause after surgery disorders, described in this chapter, in that it imposes a different adaptation from the neurophysiological anatomy of human vision in addition to favoring the continuous progression of residue accumulation dehydrated intraocular metabolic and stimulate ocular.

scholarly journals Reports and Surveys

Robotica ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
B. H. Rudall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Radio Receiver ◽  
Artificial Limbs ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Downstate Medical ◽  
The Brain

ADVANCED NEURO-ROBOTICS1. ‘Robo Rat' projectUnited States scientists from SUNY Downstate Medical Centre have reported on a Robo Rat project that they have initiated. In a research paper published in Nature (May, 2002) they describe some of their remarkable results. It may soon be possible, we are told, that because of their researches, a remote-controlled living ‘Robo Rat' could be involved in numerous and varied applications. Their work is a spin-off from research to give paralysed people the ability to move and feel artificial limbs. The report of the project presents their findings and described how five rats carrying a special backpack, which contained a battery, radio receiver and brain stimulator, were controlled by a human operator sitting up to 500 yards away. The human operator was able to make them weave in and out of obstacles and navigated them over a course. Instead of using the traditional methods ofanimal training which associated behaviour with rewards, the researchers directly stimulated the parts of the animals' brains that responded to the movements of their whiskers and to receiving rewards of food. Electrical signals were sent to parts of the brain and provided a virtual contact to the animal's whiskers, showing them which way the operator wished them to go. In their research paper it is shown how by stimulaling these ‘whisker centres' the rats could be steered and by stimulating the brain's reward centre, they could reinforce the correct behaviour.

Microcomputer Human Operator Simulator (HOS-IV)

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina M. Harris ◽  
Helene P. Iavecchia ◽  
Lorna V. Ross ◽  
Steven C. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
External Environment ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Representation Scheme ◽  
Operator Workload

This paper describes the 4th-generation model of the Human Operator Simulator (HOS-IV) as implemented on an IBM PC AT microcomputer. HOS is a general purpose simulation tool for modeling the cognitive, perceptual, and motor activities of an operator who is performing a set of tasks during the course of a mission. HOS provides the capability to model the hardware system and the external environment which impact operator workload and system performance. Discussed are the new features of HOS-IV including the user-oriented interface, knowledge representation scheme, and enhanced modeling capabilities.

ARTISTIC COMPLEXITY AND SALIENCY: TWO FACES OF THE SAME COIN?

2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTEO CACCIOLA ◽  
GIANLUIGI OCCHIUTO ◽  
FRANCESCO CARLO MORABITO
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Description ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
The Brain

Many computer vision problems consist of making a suitable content description of images usually aiming to extract the relevant information content. In case of images representing paintings or artworks, the information extracted is rather subject-dependent, thus escaping any universal quantification. However, we proposed a measure of complexity of such kinds of oeuvres which is related to brain processing. The artistic complexity measures the brain inability to categorize complex nonsense forms represented in modern art, in a dynamic process of acquisition that most involves top-down mechanisms. Here, we compare the quantitative results of our analysis on a wide set of paintings of various artists to the cues extracted from a standard bottom-up approach based on visual saliency concept. In every painting inspection, the brain searches for more informative areas at different scales, then connecting them in an attempt to capture the full impact of information content. Artistic complexity is able to quantify information which might have been individually lost in the fruition of a human observer thus identifying the artistic hand. Visual saliency highlights the most salient areas of the paintings standing out from their neighbours and grabbing our attention. Nevertheless, we will show that a comparison on the ways the two algorithms act, may manifest some interesting links, finally indicating an interplay between bottom-up and top-down modalities.

scholarly journals Left-right asymmetry of the Maxwell spot centroids in adults without and with dyslexia

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1865) ◽  
pp. 20171380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Le Floch ◽  
Guy Ropars
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Dominant Eye ◽  
Neural Maturation ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Free Area

In human vision, the brain has to select one view of the world from our two eyes. However, the existence of a clear anatomical asymmetry providing an initial imbalance for normal neural development is still not understood. Using a so-called foveascope, we found that for a cohort of 30 normal adults, the two blue cone-free areas at the centre of the foveas are asymmetrical. The noise-stimulated afterimage dominant eye introduced here corresponds to the circular blue cone-free area, while the non-dominant eye corresponds to the diffuse and irregular elliptical outline. By contrast, we found that this asymmetry is absent or frustrated in a similar cohort of 30 adults with normal ocular status, but with dyslexia, i.e. with visual and phonological deficits. In this case, our results show that the two Maxwell centroid outlines are both circular but lead to an undetermined afterimage dominance with a coexistence of primary and mirror images. The interplay between the lack of asymmetry and the development in the neural maturation of the brain pathways suggests new implications in both fundamental and biomedical sciences.

Cortical Anatomy, Size Invariance, and Spatial Frequency Analysis

Perception ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Optical Pattern Recognition ◽  
Optical Pattern ◽  
Logarithmic Mapping ◽  
Size Invariance ◽  
Primate Vision ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Spatial Frequency Analysis

In a recent application of an algorithm developed in computer and optical pattern recognition, Cavanagh has suggested that a composite of spatial frequency mapping and complex logarithmic mapping would provide a translationally, rotationally, and size-invariant mechanism for human vision. In this work, Cavanagh has not made explicit the fact that this transformation is composite, that is, that the first step (global Fourier analysis) is perceptually, anatomically, and physiologically inconsistent with primate vision, but that the second step (complex logarithmic mapping) is actually embodied in the anatomy of the primate retinostriate projection. Moreover, it is the complex logarithmic remapping step which is entirely responsible for the computational simplification of the symmetries of size and rotation invariance. These facts, which have been extensively discussed in a recent series of papers, are briefly reviewed and illustrated. Furthermore, it is shown that the architecture of the retinostriate map may provide an example of computational anatomy in vision, such that the spatial representation of a stimulus in the brain may be of direct functional significance to perception, and to the nature of certain visual illusions.

scholarly journals Neuroeducación un enfoque motivador para el proceso de aprendizaje del Cálculo

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Mildren Yaneth Uscategui Blanco ◽  
Adriana Boscan Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Desarrollo Profesional ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Brain

El propósito general de la investigación es el de analizar el enfoque motivador que ejerce la Neuroeducación para el proceso de aprendizaje del cálculo inicial en los estudiantes de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander. El sustento de la investigación estuvo basado en autores como: (Mora, 2013), (Campos, 2010), (Cotto, 2009), Blakemore y Frith (2007), (De La Cruz, 2004) entre otros. La metodología aplicada fue un estudio de corte cualitativo, tomando como población constituida por los estudiantes del primer semestre de las diversas carreras de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander para el primer semestre del 2017. Las técnicas para la recolección de datos fueron la observación, la entrevista a profundidad. Entre los resultados se concluyó que es necesario identificar el grado de motivación para el aprendizaje del Cálculo en los estudiantes de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, para garantizar la educación de calidad en las diferentes áreas de estudio, la comprensión de los estudiantes en el proceso de formación que permita adquirir conocimientos necesarios para su formación profesional son indispensables para su desarrollo profesional. Se recomienda utilizar la neurociencia como herramienta para entender cómo aprende el cerebro. Este conocimiento nos ayudará a mejorar sustancialmente la eficacia de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Palabras Clave: Aprendizaje, Cerebro, Educación Matemática, Neurociencias, Neuroeducación.   Abstract   The general purpose of the research is to analyze the motivational approach that Neuroeducation exercises for the learning process of the initial calculation in the students of the Francisco de Paula Santander University. The sustenance of the research was based on authors such as: (Mora, 2013), (Campos, 2010), (Cotto, 2009), Blakemore and Frith (2007), (De La Cruz, 2004), among others. The methodology applied was a qualitative study, taking as a population constituted by the students of the first semester of the diverse careers of the Francisco de Paula Santander University for the first semester of 2017. The techniques for the data collection were the observation, the deep interview. Among the results it was concluded that it is necessary to identify the degree of motivation for the learning of the Calculus in the students of the Francisco de Paula Santander University, to guarantee the quality education in the different areas of study, the students' understanding in the process Training to acquire the knowledge necessary for their professional training are essential for their professional development. It is recommended to use neuroscience as a tool to understand how the brain learns. This knowledge will help us to substantially improve the effectiveness of the teaching-learning processes.   Key Words: Learning, Brain, Mathematics Education, Neurosciences, Neuroeducation.   ResumoO objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar a abordagem motivacional que a Neuroeducação exerce para o processo de aprendizagem do cálculo inicial nos alunos da Universidade Francisco de Paula Santander. A sustentação da pesquisa baseou-se em autores como: (Mora, 2013), (Campos, 2010), (Cotto, 2009), Blakemore e Frith (2007), (De La Cruz, 2004), entre outros. A metodologia aplicada foi um estudo qualitativo, tendo como população constituída pelos alunos do primeiro semestre das diversas carreiras da Universidade Francisco de Paula Santander para o primeiro semestre de 2017. As técnicas para a coleta de dados foram a observação, o aprofundamento entrevista. Entre os resultados concluiu-se que é necessário identificar o grau de motivação para a aprendizagem do Cálculo nos alunos da Universidade Francisco de Paula Santander, para garantir a qualidade da educação nas diferentes áreas de estudo, o entendimento dos alunos em O processo de formação para adquirir o conhecimento necessário para a sua formação profissional é essencial para o seu desenvolvimento profissional. Recomenda-se usar a neurociência como uma ferramenta para entender como o cérebro aprende. Este conhecimento nos ajudará a melhorar substancialmente a eficácia dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem.   Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem, Cérebro, Educação Matemática, Neurociências, Neuroeducação.

scholarly journals Application of the NetLogo Tool in Ischemic Stroke Simulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor De Aguiar ◽  
Claudio Cesar De Sá ◽  
Helder Geovane Gomes De Lima ◽  
Augusto Radünz Amaral ◽  
Rafael Stubs Parpinelli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Know How ◽  
Partial View ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

This paper presents the proposal of a mathematical model for ischemic stroke, which is implemented with multiagent systems, in a general purpose tool known as NetLogo. The objective of this simulator is to obtain a partial view of the stroke for didactic purposes and to motivate future works for the treatment of the disease. Given the importance of stroke, we want to know how it evolves after its initial symptom, over time. This simulator allows a study of the evolution of the disease, regarding the speed of growth and the affected areas in certain region of the brain.

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