scholarly journals Scientific Productivity of Brazilian Ecological Stations

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heverton Alencar ◽  
Paul Jepson ◽  
Richard J Ladle ◽  
Ricardo Correia ◽  
Chiara Bragagnolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Management Council

SummaryProtected areas are frequently used loci for ecological and conservation research, with several national/international designations identifying scientific research as a key objective. For example, Ecological Stations (ESs) in Brazil are strictly protected areas with the explicit goals of protecting nature and hosting scientific research. Nevertheless, simply mandating scientific research does not necessarily translate into action. Here, we quantitatively assess the scientific productivity of ESs and identify the main socio-ecological factors associated with different levels of scientific research. Specifically, we adopt a multi-model inference approach with a hurdle regression model to independently evaluate the factors associated with the presence/absence of research and the volume of studies in ESs. Surprisingly, given their stated remit, a large proportion of ESs had little or no scientific productivity. Results also indicate that older ESs were more likely to be associated with published research and that the volume of publications was associated with the number of years since the first article was published. The presence of a management plan and a management council were also significant positive drivers of research. Our results strongly suggest that, despite their clear mandate, ESs are not effectively fulfilling their role as a policy instrument for generating valuable scientific data.

scholarly journals Scientific research in Neotropical protected areas: themes and gaps

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C Teixeira ◽  
Jayne S Santos ◽  
Maxwell R G Silva ◽  
Ana CM Malhado ◽  
Richard J Ladle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Natural Processes

Protected areas are often used by scientists to observe natural processes and organisms in habitats that have been minimally influenced by human actions. In contrast to many PA objectives, their effectiveness for promoting and supporting scientific research can be easily quantified in terms of quantity and quality of scientific products (primarily peer-reviewed articles) that are based on research within a PA’s boundaries. In addition to their contribution to global scientific knowledge, these research products may support local conservation efforts and contribute to park management, monitoring and governance. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of Neotropical PAs at supporting scientific research based on data from the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA). Specifically, we randomly selected 102 PAs from each designation from the Latin American and Caribbean region, to give a total of 612 PAs. A total of 444 PAS did not return any results and only 30 were associated with more than 10 publications. Research topics varied widely in the PAs in our dedicated sample, but we found an evident trend to research related to geosciences and paleontology. Conservation and biodiversity were secondary subjects. there seems to be a lack of influence of PAs type and presence of management plan on scientific productivity. On the other hand, we have seen that most areas do not present a management plan, the absence of which makes it more difficult to assess the effectiveness of these areas.

scholarly journals Scientific research in Neotropical protected areas: themes and gaps

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C Teixeira ◽  
Jayne S Santos ◽  
Maxwell R G Silva ◽  
Ana CM Malhado ◽  
Richard J Ladle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Natural Processes

Protected areas are often used by scientists to observe natural processes and organisms in habitats that have been minimally influenced by human actions. In contrast to many PA objectives, their effectiveness for promoting and supporting scientific research can be easily quantified in terms of quantity and quality of scientific products (primarily peer-reviewed articles) that are based on research within a PA’s boundaries. In addition to their contribution to global scientific knowledge, these research products may support local conservation efforts and contribute to park management, monitoring and governance. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of Neotropical PAs at supporting scientific research based on data from the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA). Specifically, we randomly selected 102 PAs from each designation from the Latin American and Caribbean region, to give a total of 612 PAs. A total of 444 PAS did not return any results and only 30 were associated with more than 10 publications. Research topics varied widely in the PAs in our dedicated sample, but we found an evident trend to research related to geosciences and paleontology. Conservation and biodiversity were secondary subjects. there seems to be a lack of influence of PAs type and presence of management plan on scientific productivity. On the other hand, we have seen that most areas do not present a management plan, the absence of which makes it more difficult to assess the effectiveness of these areas.

scholarly journals 1393. Factors Associated with Co-administration of Pentavalent DTaP-IPV/Hib and Monovalent Hepatitis B Vaccine in the United States (US)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S706-S706
Author(s):  
Tanaz Petigara ◽  
Ya-Ting Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Michelle Goveia ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Provider Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background The US vaccination schedule includes DTaP, IPV, Hib and HepB doses in the first 6 months of life. A previous analysis found variability in the timing of HepB doses in infants receiving DTaP-IPV/Hib. We explored factors associated with co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB on the same day. Methods This was a retrospective study using the MarketScan® commercial claims and encounters database. Infants born from 1 July 2010 - 30 June 2016, continuously enrolled in an insurance plan for ≥ 13 months and receiving ≥ 3 DTaP-IPV/Hib doses were included. Infants were assessed for HepB claims relative to the first and third DTaP-IPV/Hib doses. Because a HepB birth dose was assumed, the first HepB claim from 29 - 169 days following birth was counted as Dose 2, and the second claim from 170 days - 12 months as Dose 3. Associations between demographic, provider, and insurance characteristics, receipt of other pediatric vaccines, and co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 165,553 infants who received a first DTaP-IPV/Hib dose, 60.7% received HepB Dose 2 on the same day. Among 162,217 infants who received a third DTaP-IPV/Hib dose, 45.1% received HepB Dose 3 on the same day. Infants in the Northeast were less likely (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.36-0.39), while those in the West were more likely (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.36-1.46) than infants in the South to receive the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 2 on the same day. Infants vaccinated by pediatricians (OR=0.54, 95%CI=0.53-0.55) were less likely to receive the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 2 on the same day compared to infants vaccinated by family physicians. Infants who received PCV on the same day as the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib were more likely to receive HepB Dose 2 (OR=6.96, 95%CI=6.30-7.70) that day. These factors were also associated with co-administration of the third dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 3. Conclusion Differences in co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB were associated with region of residence, provider type and co-administration of PCV. The reasons underlying these differences merit exploration. A hexavalent vaccine containing DTaP, IPV, Hib, and HepB could improve timeliness of HepB vaccination, while reducing the number of injections during infancy. Disclosures Tanaz Petigara, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Ya-Ting Chen, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Zhiwen Liu, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc., (Employee) Michelle Goveia, MD, Merck & Co., Inc (Employee, Shareholder) David Johnson, MD, MPH, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee, Shareholder) Gary S. Marshall, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Pfizer (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Honorarium for conference lecture)Seqirus (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)

scholarly journals From hunters to nature observers: a record of 53 years of diver attitudes towards sharks and rays and marine protected areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Whatmough ◽  
Ingrid Van Putten ◽  
Andrew Chin
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Attitudinal Change ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Conservation Awareness

Human values, perceptions, attitudes and interactions with the natural environment have been found to change over time, with social and economic information used to inform management decisions and actions. Content analysis is applied here to a 53-year long collection of the popular dive magazine, SportDiving, to identify recreational divers’ experiences with regard to sharks and rays, the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and marine protected areas (MPAs). This analysis suggests there has been a diversification of diver activities with the emergence of passive-observational activities such as SCUBA diving. Attitudes towards sharks and rays have changed significantly, with recreational divers changing from a group that could be described as adventure-seeking hunters to a group that can be described as nature-appreciating observers, suggesting an increase in conservation awareness. The GBR continues to be a highly regarded dive destination, with divers perceiving positive effects of protection within MPAs. However, declines in the abundance of large fish and sharks and rays were occasionally reported throughout the 53 year period. Collectively, these types of data can show changes in resource-use patterns, perceptions and attitudes and provide information that supplements scientific monitoring data. These data may be valuable where scientific data is scarce, historical records difficult to obtain, and where attitudinal change can significantly affect future resource use.

scholarly journals A Review of Colorectal Cancer in Terms of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Development, Symptoms and Diagnosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2025
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sawicki ◽  
Monika Ruszkowska ◽  
Anna Danielewicz ◽  
Ewa Niedźwiedzka ◽  
Tomasz Arłukowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Disease Stages

This review article contains a concise consideration of genetic and environmental risk factors for colorectal cancer. Known risk factors associated with colorectal cancer include familial and hereditary factors and lifestyle-related and ecological factors. Lifestyle factors are significant because of the potential for improving our understanding of the disease. Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption can also be addressed through therapeutic interventions. We also made efforts to systematize available literature and data on epidemiology, diagnosis, type and nature of symptoms and disease stages. Further study of colorectal cancer and progress made globally is crucial to inform future strategies in controlling the disease’s burden through population-based preventative initiatives.

scholarly journals Ecological factors associated with suicide mortality among non-Hispanic whites

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Graetz ◽  
Samuel H. Preston ◽  
Morgan Peele ◽  
Irma T. Elo
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Factors Associated

Publishing Productivity in Sport Psychology 1970–2000: An Exploratory Examination of the Lotka-Price Law

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Baker ◽  
Jennifer Robertson-Wilson ◽  
Whitney Sedgwick
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Eminent Scientist ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Shed Light

The current study examined whether the distribution of published research papers in the field of sport psychology followed the Lotka-Price Law of scientific productivity. All authors who had published articles in five sport psychology journals from 1970 to 2000 were considered. The impact of those authors was determined by the total number of published papers in all journals. Results provided limited support for the Lotka-Price Law; however, it appeared that the field of sport psychology was less elitist than other fields. Although these findings suggest that productivity in this field is similar to that in other fields of science, more research is needed to shed light on the role of the eminent scientist and the average researcher in the advancement of knowledge in sport psychology.

scholarly journals A strategic framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks

Koedoe ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melodie A. McGeoch ◽  
Mbulelo Dopolo ◽  
Peter Novellie ◽  
Howard Hendriks ◽  
Stefanie Freitag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
South African ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Internal Pressures

Protected areas are under increasing threat from a range of external and internal pressures on biodiversity. With a primary mandate being the conservation of biodiversity, monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. Here we present a framework for guiding the structure and development of a Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) for South African National Parks (SANParks). Monitoring activities in the organisation are currently unevenly distributed across parks, taxa and key concerns: they do not address the full array of biodiversity objectives, and have largely evolved in the absence of a coherent, overarching framework. The requirement for biodiversity monitoring in national parks is clearly specified in national legislation and international policy, as well as by SANParks’ own adaptive management philosophy. Several approaches available for categorising the multitude of monitoring requirements were considered in the development of the BMS, and 10 Biodiversity Monitoring Programmes (BMPs) were selected that provide broad coverage of higher-level biodiversity objectives of parks. A set of principles was adopted to guide the development of BMPs (currently underway), and data management, resource and capacity needs will be considered during their development. It is envisaged that the BMS will provide strategic direction for future investment in this core component of biodiversity conservation and management in SANParks. Conservation implications: Monitoring biodiversity in protected areas is essential to assessing their performance. Here we provide a coordinated framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks. The proposed biodiversity monitoring system addresses the broad range of park management plan derived biodiversity objectives.

scholarly journals Mediating Corporeality: Re-Interpretations at the Art/Science Interface

Somatechnics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-304
Author(s):  
Patricia Adams
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Century ◽  
Individual Perspective

Contemporary scientific discoveries are rapidly modifying established concepts of embodiment and corporeality. For example, developing techniques in adult stem cell research can actively remodel the human body; whilst neuroscientists are shedding increasing light on the functioning of our brains. My research at the art/science nexus draws upon recent media theories to investigate the ways twenty-first century constructs of ‘humanness’ and the ‘self’ are affected by both historical and contemporary scientific research and developments in digital imaging technologies. In this article, examples from my artworks: “machina carnis” and “HOST” illustrate how my use of innovative digital technologies and collaborative methodologies has enabled me to immerse myself in the scientific experience at first hand. I demonstrate how my reinterpretations of what is commonly termed ‘hard’ scientific research data does not seek to emulate ‘objective’ readings of the experimental digital image data but rather recontextualises it in the context of my artworks. These artworks acknowledge the personal and visceral content in the scientific data and enable viewer/participants to reflect upon the issues raised from an emotive and individual perspective.

scholarly journals ANALYZING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT PLANS OF FEDERAL PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 846-854
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ribeiro Morais ◽  
◽  
Mariana Nascimento Siqueira ◽  
Roniel Freitas-Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Group B

Protected areas are the most frequently used tool for the mitigation of threats to biodiversity. However, without effective management, the creation of new protected areas may be ineffective. In Brazil, protected areas must have both a governing body (consultative or deliberative council) and an official management plan. Here, we analyzed general trends and patterns in the approval of the management plans for Brazilian federal protected areas. We considered all federal protected areas, and compiled data on (i) the year the area was created, (ii) the type of protected area (integral protection vs. sustainable use), (iii) year its management plan was approved, (iv) year in which the management plan was revised after its approval, (v) total area (in hectares), and (vi) the biome in which the area is located. We stablished three groups of protected area: 1) Group A: protected areas created prior to 1979, 2) Group B: protected areas created between 1979 and 1999, and 3) Group C: protected areas created between 2000 to the present time. Finally, we tested whether time for the approval of the management plan suffered a simultaneous effect of the type of biome and type of categories of protected area (strictly protected vs. sustainable use areas). We found 211 (63.17% of the 334) protected areas with management plan. On average, the time taken for the creation and approval of a management plan far exceeds the deadlines (5 yrs.) defined under current Brazilian law. All Brazilian biomes are poorly covered by protected areas with effective management plans, with the highest and lowest value observed in the Pantanal (100%) and Caatinga (46.42%), respectively. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of many federal protected areas in Brazil can be reduced considerably by the lack of a management plan, with deleterious consequences for the country’s principal conservation strategies.

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