Advances in microscopy of polymers: A FESEM and STM study

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1042-1043
Author(s):  
R.T. Chen ◽  
M.G. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Microscopy has played a major role in establishing structure-process-property relationships in the research and development of polymeric materials. With advances in electron microscopy instrumentation (e.g., field emission SEM - FESEM) and the invention of new scanning probe microscopes (e.g., scanning tunneling microscope - STM), resolution of structures or morphologies down to the nanometer scale can be achieved with ease. This paper will focus on the application of FESEM and STM in order to understand the structure of commercial polymeric materials. Characterization of polymers using other microscopy techniques such as TEM, thermal optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) will also be discussed.The polymeric materials evaluated in this study include membranes, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) fibers, multiphase polymer blends and polymer films or coatings. In order to minimize beam damage and maximize contrast for surface detail in beam sensitive polymers, low voltage SEM (LVSEM) was performed on a JEOL 840F field emission SEM.

Measurement of Plasticity Gradients with Scanning Probe Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kiely ◽  
Dawn A. Bonnell
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Ceramic System ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Metal Fracture ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Metal Ceramic

ABSTRACTScanning Tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopy were used to characterize the topography of fractured Au /sapphire interfaces. Variance analysis which quantifies surface morphology was developed and applied to the characterization of the metal fracture surface of the metal/ceramic system. Fracture surface features related to plasticity were quantified and correlated to the fracture energy and energy release rate.

scholarly journals Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽  
Payman Ghassemi ◽  
Pascal Carriere ◽  
Sonil Nanda ◽  
Aymen Amine Assadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nanoscale Characterization

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.

Heterogeneous Oxidation and Precipitation of Aqueous Mn(II) at the Goethite Surface: A SPM Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
John Rakovan ◽  
F. Hochella Michael
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Force ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Heterogeneous Oxidation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Solution Interface ◽  
Atomic Force

Since its invention inl982 scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has become an important analytical tool in every branch of physical science. The two most widely used types of SPM are atomic force Microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Both AFM and STM allow measurement of the microtopography of a surface down to the atomic scale. Many spin-off applications such as lateral force and magnetic force allow measurement of a variety of the physical properties of a surface while imaging its microtopography. SPM can be done in both air and liquid and hence can be used to observe the interactions that take place at a solid-solution interface.SPM has been used in mineralogy and geochemistry since 1989. Here as in other applications the great strength of SPM is in the characterization of the heterogeneous nature of mineral surfaces and the ability to observe many geochemical processes in real time.

scholarly journals Comparison of Treatments by Mercerization and Plasma Glow Discharge on Residues of the Amazon Chestnut Shell (Bertholletia Excelsa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. e86698
Author(s):  
Ximena Zapata Londoño ◽  
James Janderson Rosero Romo ◽  
Hugo Armando Estupiñan Duran
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Chestnut Shell ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

The chestnut shell from the Amazon region shared between Colombia, Brazil, and Perú is an abundant residue of the walnut used for obtaining food and cosmetic products. This residue is not yet usable due to the lack of knowledge of its properties and the environmental impact generated by its treatment through methods such as mercerization. This work presents the results of the characterization of Amazon chestnut shell residues treated by two methods, mercerization with NaOH solution and intense plasma discharge (Glow Discharge Plasma), in a reactor with argon gas in a 0,3-bar vacuum and discharge conditions of 80 mA and 600 s. The microstructural, morphological, topographic, and nanomechanical changes of the chestnut residues without treatment and with the two proposed treatments were evaluated by means of the µRaman, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The results showed the effectiveness of the plasma method over the mercerization method at obtaining more crystalline cellulose structures due to the reduction of hemicellulose, lignin, and the aqueous phase of walnut shell waste.

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