Squaring the Circle: How Canada is Dealing with the Legacy of Its Indian Residential Schools Experiment

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-265
Author(s):  
Pamela O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Squaring The Circle ◽  
Indian Residential Schools ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compulsory Attendance ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Canada, like Australia, is belatedly confronting a problem that has long been denied and ignored. Each country is now reckoning the social costs of past policies which sought to achieve the forced assimilation of indigenous children. In Canada this policy was mainly implemented through laws requiring the compulsory attendance of Indian children at school. Some 100,000 children were directed to church-operated residential schools where their cultural transformation could be effected in isolation from their families and the outside world. That isolation left them highly vulnerable to abuse and neglect.

scholarly journals Canadian Identity and Canada’s Indian Residential School Apology

eTopia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Stabler
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Residential School ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Canadian Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Do So

Canada’s more than century-long Indian Residential Schools system transferred Indigenous children from their homes and communities to state- and church-run schools with the goal offacilitating their assimilation into Canadian society. In 2008, Canada delivered an official apology for its role in the system and its legacy. This apology has the potential to heal Indigenous/Settler-state relations, but to do so it must transform existing relationships and further simple coexistence as a reconciliation mechanism. The social construction of Canadian identity as lawful and benevolent may present a barrier in achieving these goals and may ultimately hinder meaningful reconciliation with Indigenous peoples.

Squaring the Circle: Can We Resolve the Clarkian Paradox?

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. S79-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hall
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Squaring The Circle ◽  
The Social

Transport, as Colin Clark stated, has been the “maker and breaker of cities”, leading to four successive crises in urban transportation, the last of which is now afflicting cities worldwide. The essence is the problem of dealing with the social costs or exponalities of the growth of private automobile traffic, particularly of a nonconventional (suburb-to-suburb) type. The author discusses various answers to this problem, including new technologies and systems of pricing. Finally he discusses the land-use implication.

scholarly journals Indigenous Dress Theory in Canadian Residential Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawkay Ottmann
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Cultural Genocide ◽  
Indigenous Worldviews ◽  
Indian Residential Schools ◽  
School History ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Archival Record ◽  
The Individual

Indian Residential Schools were apart of Canada’s aggressive assimilative policy for Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Métis, Inuit), demonstrating the attempts to erase Indigenous people as a cultural and political entity. Ultimately, the schools were key to the “cultural genocide” that occurred. Upon arriving at the schools, Indigenous children would be stripped of their clothes, which was quickly replaced with foreign dress. The act of forcibly taking away and replacing the clothing of the children entering Indian Residential Schools is a direct result of the assimilative policy. This paper outlines Western dress and uniform theory. From there, an Indigenous dress theory is proposed based on Indigenous epistemologies, which emphasizes the differentiation between Western and Indigenous worldviews. Indian Residential School history is shared before examining the use of dress in the schools. Finally, Western and Indigenous dress theories are used in tandem to analyze the events and effects of stripping Indigenous children of their clothes. Understanding the individual experience is possible due to the voices of school. Survivors who shared their stories with the TRC and The Legacy of Hope Foundation, those who rote their own words down, and the voices found in the archival record.

The Social Costs of Underemployment

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dooley ◽  
JoAnn Prause
Keyword(s):  
Social Costs ◽  
The Social

The Avant-Garde of Sensitivity: On Grzegorz Królikiewicz’s “The Trees”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Borowska-Kazimiruk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representations ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Social

The author analyses Grzegorz Królikiewicz’s Trees (1994) in two ways: as a metaphor of the Polish post-1989 transition, and as an eco-horror presenting the complexity of relations between human and plant world. This binary interpretation attempts to answer the question about the causes of the failure of Trees as a film project. The film itself may also be interpreted as a story about historical conditions that affect the ability to create visual representations of the social costs of political changes, as well as ecocritical issues.

Do You Read Me? How Empathy Mitigates the Social Costs of High Self-Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Kleinbaum ◽  
Alexander H. Jordan ◽  
Pino G. Audia
Keyword(s):  
Social Costs ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
The Social
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