An assessment of the human health impact of seven leading foodborne pathogens in the United States using disability adjusted life years

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 2795-2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. SCALLAN ◽  
R. M. HOEKSTRA ◽  
B. E. MAHON ◽  
T. F. JONES ◽  
P. M. GRIFFIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health State ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Health States ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Safety Interventions

SUMMARYWe explored the overall impact of foodborne disease caused by seven leading foodborne pathogens in the United States using the disability adjusted life year (DALY). We defined health states for each pathogen (acute illness and sequelae) and estimated the average annual incidence of each health state using data from public health surveillance and previously published estimates from studies in the United States, Canada and Europe. These pathogens caused about 112 000 DALYs annually due to foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (32 900) and Toxoplasma (32 700) caused the most DALYs, followed by Campylobacter (22 500), norovirus (9900), Listeria monocytogenes (8800), Clostridium perfringens (4000), and Escherichia coli O157 (1200). These estimates can be used to prioritize food safety interventions. Future estimates of the burden of foodborne disease in DALYs would be improved by addressing important data gaps and by the development and validation of US-specific disability weights for foodborne diseases.

Risks Associated with Vehicles of Foodborne Pathogens and Toxins

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Roast Beef ◽  
Pinto Beans

A review of foodborne disease surveillance data from the United States for the years 1977 through 1984 was made to ascertain the relative importance of various foods as vehicles; 1,586 incidents were tabulated. Data are given for all outbreaks and for individual diseases. Foods were classified by category, class and item. Seafoods, meats, poultry and salads were the most frequently implicated categories. The most frequently implicated items were roast beef, ham, turkey, chicken and raw clams. Chinese foods, usually fried rice and Mexican-style foods usually ground or shredded meat or pinto beans were also commonly implicated. Of the salads, potato and chicken salads were identified more frequently than other salads. Mahi-mahi was the most common vehicle of scombrotoxin; amberjack/jack was the most common vehicle of ciguatoxin; roast beef and turkey were the most common vehicles of C. perfringens and salmonellae; ham was the most common vehicle of staphylococcal enterotoxin; potato salad was the most common vehicle of shigellae; peppers were the most common vehicle of botulinum toxin; and fried rice was the most common vehicle of B. cereus toxins. Relative risk for each food is discussed in reference to assessing hazards and setting food safety priorities.

Anxiety Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Ahmed T. Makhlouf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric syndromes in the United States. About 29% of adults will receive a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder during their lifetime, and almost one-fifth of adults have symptoms of anxiety in any given year. Globally, anxiety disorders are responsible for 10% of the disability-adjusted life years for all psychiatric and neurologic disorders, second only to major depressive disorder.

The Burden of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the United States: Disability-Adjusted Life Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Trent Hall ◽  
Ryan P. McGrath ◽  
Mark D. Peterson ◽  
Edmund H. Chadd ◽  
Michael J. DeVivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of Chloride-liberal versus Chloriderestrictive Intravenous Fluids among Patients Hospitalized in the United States

10.36469/9829 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Louise Perrault ◽  
Dilip Makhija ◽  
Idal Beer ◽  
Suzanne Laplante ◽  
Sergio Iannazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Health State ◽  
Health States ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Us

Background: Patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI) during critical illness or major surgery are at risk for renal sequelae such as costly and invasive acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) and chronic dialysis (CD). Rates of renal injury may be reduced with use of chloride-restrictive intravenous (IV) resuscitation fluids instead of chloride-liberal fluids. Objectives: To compare the cost-effectiveness of chloride-restrictive versus chloride-liberal crystalloid fluids used during fluid resuscitation or for the maintenance of hydration among patients hospitalized in the US for critical illnesses or major surgery. Methods: Clinical outcomes and costs for a simulated patient cohort (starting age 60 years) receiving either chloride-restrictive or chloride-liberal crystalloids were estimated using a decision tree for the first 90-day period after IV fluid initiation followed by a Markov model over the remainder of the cohort lifespan. Outcomes modeled in the decision tree were AKI development, recovery from AKI, progression to acute RRT, progression to CD, and death. Health states included in the Markov model were dialysis free without prior AKI, dialysis-free following AKI, CD, and death. Estimates of clinical parameters were taken from a recent meta-analysis, other published studies, and the US Renal Data System. Direct healthcare costs (in 2015 USD) were included for IV fluids, RRT, and CD. US-normalized health-state utilities were used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Results: In the cohort of 100 patients, AKI was predicted to develop in the first 90 days in 36 patients receiving chloride-liberal crystalloids versus 22 receiving chloride-restrictive crystalloids. Higher costs of chloride-restrictive crystalloids were offset by savings from avoided renal adverse events. Chloride-liberal crystalloids were dominant over chloride-restrictive crystalloids, gaining 93.5 life-years and 81.4 QALYs while saving $298 576 over the cohort lifespan. One-way sensitivity analyses indicated results were most sensitive to the relative risk for AKI development and relatively insensitive to fluid cost. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses with 1000 iterations, chloride-restrictive crystalloids were dominant in 94.7% of iterations, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios below $50 000/QALY in 99.6%. Conclusions: This analysis predicts improved patient survival and fewer renal complications with chloriderestrictive IV fluids, yielding net savings versus chloride-liberal fluids. Results require confirmation in adequately powered head-to-head randomized trials.

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