scholarly journals Association between wetland presence and incidence of Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana infections in selected US sites, 2005–2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 2991-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. HUANG ◽  
M. E. PATRICK ◽  
J. MANNERS ◽  
A. R. SAPKOTA ◽  
K. J. SCHERZINGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Wetland Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wetland Cover

SUMMARYSalmonella causes an estimated 1·2 million illnesses annually in the USA. Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana (serotype Javiana) is the fourth most common serotype isolated from humans, with the majority of illnesses occurring in southeastern states. The percentage of wetland cover by wetland type and the average incidence rates of serotype Javiana infection in selected counties of the Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) were examined. This analysis explored the relationship between wetland environments and incidence in order to assess whether regional differences in environmental habitats may be associated with observed variations in incidence. Findings suggest that environmental habitats may support reservoirs or contribute to the persistence of serotype Javiana, and may frequently contribute to the transmission of infection compared with other Salmonella serotypes.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Census Tract–Level Poverty and Domestically Acquired Salmonella Incidence: Analysis of Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Data, 2010–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412
Author(s):  
James L Hadler ◽  
Paula Clogher ◽  
Tanya Libby ◽  
Elisha Wilson ◽  
Nadine Oosmanally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Salmonella Infections

Abstract Background The relationships between socioeconomic status and domestically acquired salmonellosis and leading Salmonella serotypes are poorly understood. Methods We analyzed surveillance data from laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis from 2010–2016 for all 10 Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites, having a catchment population of 47.9 million. Case residential data were geocoded, linked to census tract poverty level, and then categorized into 4 groups according to census tract poverty level. After excluding those reporting international travel before illness onset, age-specific and age-adjusted salmonellosis incidence rates were calculated for each census tract poverty level, overall and for each of the 10 leading serotypes. Results Of 52 821geocodable Salmonella infections (>96%), 48 111 (91.1%) were domestically acquired. Higher age-adjusted incidence occurred with higher census tract poverty level (P < .001; relative risk for highest [≥20%] vs lowest [<5%] census tract poverty level, 1.37). Children <5 years old had the highest relative risk (2.07). Although this relationship was consistent by race/ethnicity and by serotype, it was not present in 5 FoodNet sites or among those aged 18–49 years. Conclusion Children and older adults living in higher-poverty census tracts have had a higher incidence of domestically acquired salmonellosis. There is a need to understand socioeconomic status differences for risk factors for domestically acquired salmonellosis by age group and FoodNet site to help focus prevention efforts.

Incidence of Foodborne Illnesses Reported by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)—1997

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. WALLACE ◽  
THOMAS VAN GILDER ◽  
SUE SHALLOW ◽  
TERRY FIORENTINO ◽  
SUZANNE D. SEGLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Surveillance Network

In 1997, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Program (FoodNet) conducted active surveillance for culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Cyclospora, and Cryptosporidium in five Emerging Infections Program sites. FoodNet is a collaborative effort of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Infectious Diseases, the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and state health departments in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon. The population under active surveillance for food-borne infections was approximately 16.1 million persons or roughly 6% of the United States Population. Through weekly or monthly contact with all clinical laboratories in these sites, 8,576 total isolations were recorded: 2,205 cases of salmonellosis, 1,273 cases of shigellosis, 468 cases of cryptosporidiosis, 340 of E. coli O157:H7 infections, 139 of yersiniosis, 77 of listeriosis, 51 of Vibrio infections, and 49 of cyclosporiasis. Results from 1997 demonstrate that while there are regional and seasonal differences in reported incidence rates of certain bacterial and parasitic diseases, and that some pathogens showed a change in incidence from 1996, the overall incidence of illness caused by pathogens under surveillance was stable. More data over more years are needed to assess if observed variations in incidence reflect yearly fluctuations or true changes in the burden of foodborne illness.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Foodborne Disease Outbreak Investigations Conducted by Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) Sites, 2003–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. S498-S503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rendi Murphree ◽  
Katie Garman ◽  
Quyen Phan ◽  
Karen Everstine ◽  
L. Hannah Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Outbreak Investigations

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

Population - an element of agricultural development in Serbia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Marina Todorovic ◽  
Gordana Vojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The author begins by discussing the relationship between agriculture and population at a theoretical level, proceeds with a historical review of changes in the role and significance of an individual as agricultural producer, and finally, analyzes population as an element (potentials - limitations) of agricultural development in Serbia. The overall production results, and particularly the propensity to technical and technological innovation, as well as the ability to adapt to the changed conditions are, as we know well, crucially dependent on the structure of the working population. Hence, the author discusses regional differences in agricultural population by age, sex, level of education and productivity to provide a clear illustration of the impact of this element (indicator) on the population as the factor of agricultural production. The results show significant macroregional differences by this element with respect to the average for Serbia.

scholarly journals Application of an Innovative Model for the Risk Management of COVID-19 in a Multinational Manufacturing Company

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5771
Author(s):  
Piero Lovreglio ◽  
Angela Stufano ◽  
Francesco Cagnazzo ◽  
Nicola Bartolomeo ◽  
Ivo Iavicoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Global Prevention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physician Team ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 incidence in 61 manufacturing plants in Europe (EU), North America (NA) and Latin-America (LATAM) was compared with the incidence observed in the countries where the plants are located in order to evaluate the application of an innovative model for COVID-19 risk management. Firstly, a network of local and global teams was created, including an external university occupational physician team for scientific support. In July 2020, global prevention guidelines for the homogenous management of the pandemic were applied, replacing different site or regional procedures. A tool for COVID-19 monitoring was implemented to investigate the relationship between the incidence rates inside and outside the plants. In the period of May–November 2020, 565 confirmed cases (EU 330, NA 141, LATAM 94) were observed among 20,646 workers with different jobs and tasks, and in the last two months 85% EU and 70% NA cases were recorded. Only in 10% of cases was a possible internal origin of the contagion not excluded. In the EU and NA, unlike LATAM, the COVID-19 incidence rates inside the sites punctually followed the rising trend outside. In conclusion, the model, combining a global approach with the local application of the measures, maintains the sustainability in the manufacturing industry.

scholarly journals Heritability and interindividual variability of regional structure-function coupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijin Gu ◽  
Keith Wakefield Jamison ◽  
Mert Rory Sabuncu ◽  
Amy Kuceyeski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Structural Connections ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhite matter structural connections are likely to support flow of functional activation or functional connectivity. While the relationship between structural and functional connectivity profiles, here called SC-FC coupling, has been studied on a whole-brain, global level, few studies have investigated this relationship at a regional scale. Here we quantify regional SC-FC coupling in healthy young adults using diffusion-weighted MRI and resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project and study how SC-FC coupling may be heritable and varies between individuals. We show that regional SC-FC coupling strength varies widely across brain regions, but was strongest in highly structurally connected visual and subcortical areas. We also show interindividual regional differences based on age, sex and composite cognitive scores, and that SC-FC coupling was highly heritable within certain networks. These results suggest regional structure-function coupling is an idiosyncratic feature of brain organisation that may be influenced by genetic factors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of social relationships in elderly by animal-assisted activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Francesca Menna ◽  
Marzia Fontanella ◽  
Antonio Santaniello ◽  
Eduardo Ammendola ◽  
Maddalena Travaglino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Pet Therapy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Pet therapy had its origins in the USA in the early 1960s and is based on the hypothesis that the relationship between different species may have a therapeutic effect.

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