Forest structure, floristic composition and soils of an Amazonian monodominant forest on maracá Island, Roraima, Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Nascimento ◽  
J Proctor ◽  
D. M. Villela
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Set Up

Maracá is a riverine island located in the Rio Uraricoera in Roraima State (Brazil) and has an area of about 100,000ha. A forest type dominated by Peltogyne gracilipes Ducke (Caesalpiniaceae) occurs on Maracá Island on a range of soil types. This study compares the structure, floristic composition and soils of the Peltogyne forest with the most widespread lowland forest type on Maracá. Three 0.25ha plots were set up in each of three forest types: Peltogyne-rich forest (PRF), Peltogyne-pooi forest (PPF) and forest without Peltogyne (FWP). Within each plot all trees (≤ 10cm dbh) were recorded. Seedlings and saplings were sampled in subplots of 2m × 1m (seedlings) and 4m × 4m (saplings). In the PPF and FWP, Sapotaceae were the most important family with the highest relative dominance and relative density values. Caesalpiniaceae showed high values in the PRF and PPF. Licania kunthiana, Pradosia surinamensis and Simarouba amara occurred in the canopy layer in all the forest types. Peltogyne dominated the canopy in the PRF and comprised 20% of stems and 53% of the total basal area of all trees ≥ 10cm dbh, and 91% of the stems and 97% of the total basal area of individuals ≥ 50cm dbh. In PPF, Lecythis corrugata and Tetragastris panamensis were the most abundant species, followed by Peltogyne. In the FWP the most abundant trees (≥ 10cm dbh) were Licania kunthiana and Pradosia surinamensis. In all forest types, the soils were sandy and acid with low concentrations of extractable phosphorus and exchangeable cations, but the soils under PRF were notably richer in magnesium.

scholarly journals Phyllostomidae assemblage (Chiroptera: Mammalia) in altitudinal forests at the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M. Mello ◽  
Pedro H. Nobre ◽  
Marco A. Manhães ◽  
Alexmar S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Ecological Relevance ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus

ABSTRACT Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012) and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species) belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%), Artibeus lituratus (8.7%) and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%). The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.

Soil Seed Banks of Adjacent Unlogged Rain-Forest Types in North-Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Graham ◽  
MS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Secondary Species

The size and floristic composition of soil seed banks under four adjacent, unlogged and structurally different rainforest types were assessed by exposing 17 surface soil samples (to 40mm depth) to germination-house conditions. The mean size of the seed bank in the undisturbed forest types was 240 seeds m-2 (s.d. 139). Seeds of secondary species dominated the soil seed banks in all forest types, although weed seeds constituted only 0.6-4.0%. Some forest types had characteristic component secondary species in the buried seed bank. Agglomerative classification and multidimensional scaling analysis of quantitative sample data indicated that the parent structural-environmental forest type was the dominant influence in determining composition of the soil seed banks. Comparisons of the seed banks of the intact rainforest with those of nearby disturbed forests showed the former to be 35 to 50% smaller in total size, and lacking in some distinctive secondary species. It was concluded that disturbance, both within and adjacent to rainforest, may influence soil seed bank compositions, and hence future patterns of regeneration.

scholarly journals Spatial and seasonal variations of leaf area index (LAI) in subtropical secondary forests related to floristic composition and stand characters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zhu ◽  
Wenhua Xiang ◽  
Qiong Pan ◽  
Yelin Zeng ◽  
Shuai Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Subtropical Forests

Abstract. Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter related to carbon, water and energy exchange between canopy and atmosphere, and is widely applied in the process models to simulate production and hydrological cycle in forest ecosystems. However, fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of LAI and its controlling factors have not been fully understood in Chinese subtropical forests. We used hemispherical photography to measure LAI values in three subtropical forests (i.e. Pinus massoniana – Lithocarpus glaber coniferous and evergreen broadleaved mixed forests, Choerospondias axillaris deciduous broadleaved forests, and L. glaber – Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broadleaved forests) during period from April, 2014 to January, 2015. Spatial heterogeneity of LAI and its controlling factors were analysed by using geostatistics method the generalised additive models (GAMs), respectively. Our results showed that LAI values differed greatly in the three forests and their seasonal variations were consistent with plant phenology. LAI values exhibited strong spatial autocorrelation for three forests measured in January and for the L. glaber – C. glauca forest in April, July and October. Obvious patch distribution pattern of LAI values occurred in three forests during the non-growing period and this pattern gradually dwindled in the growing season. Stand basal area, crown coverage, crown width, proportion of deciduous species on basal area basis and forest types affected the spatial variations in LAI values in January, while species richness, crown coverage, stem number and forest types affected the spatial variations in LAI values in July. Floristic composition, spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variations should be considered for sampling strategy in indirect LAI measurement and application of LAI to simulate functional processes in subtropical forests.

scholarly journals Tree reproductive phenology determines the abundance of medium–sized and large mammalian assemblages in the Guyana shield of the Brazilian Amazonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mendes Pontes ◽  
V. M. Guedes Layme ◽  
L. R. Rodrigues de Lucena ◽  
D. J. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Habitat Variables

Assemblages of medium and large–sized mammals were studied in the Guyana shield of the Brazilian Amazonia. Diurnal and nocturnal line–transect samplings were carried out via the line–transect method in five different forest types along a 10–km transect, along which we also recorded habitat variables, such as tree species diversity, reproductive phenology, and residual fruit productivity. Group density was separately calculated for all mammalian species in the five forest types. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to determine which habitat variables best predicted the mammalian species densities in the sampled forests. The sole determinants of mammalian densities in the forest types studied were basal area of each forest type, total number of tree species in each forest type, and tree reproductive phenology.

scholarly journals Evaluating Efficiency of Sampling Schemes in Tropical Natural Forests: Review and Simulation Experience from Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Joseph Hitimana ◽  
James Legilisho Ole Kiyiapi ◽  
Balozi Kirongo Bekuta
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Plot Size

Forest measurements, especially in natural forests are cumbersome and complex. 100% enumeration is costly and inefficient. This study sought to find out reliable, efficient and cost-effective sampling schemes for use in tropical rain forest (TRF), moist montane forest (MMF) and dry woodland forest (DWF) in Kenya. Forty-eight sampling schemes (each combining sampling intensity (5, 10, 20, 30%), plot size (25, 50, 100, 400 m2) and sampling technique (simple random sampling, systematic sampling along North-South and along East-West orientations) were generated for testing estimates of forest attributes such as regeneration through simulation using R-software. Sampling error and effort were used to measure efficiency of each sampling scheme in relation to actual values. Though forest sites differed in biophysical characteristics, cost of sampling increased with decreasing plot size regardless of the forest type and attribute. Accuracy of inventory increased with decreasing plot size. Plot sizes that captured inherent variability were 5mx5m for regeneration and trees ha-1 across forest types but varied between forest types for basal area. Different sampling schemes were ranked for relative efficiency through simulation techniques, using regeneration as an example. In many instances systematic sampling-based sampling schemes were most effective. Sub-sampling in one-hectare forest unit gave reliable results in TRF (e.g. SSV-5mx5m-30%) and DWF (e.g. SSV-10mx10m-30%) but not in MMF (5mx5m-100%). One-hectare-complete-inventory method was found inevitable for regeneration assessment in montane forest.

scholarly journals Structure and floristic relationships between Cerrado sensu stricto sites on two types of substrate in northern Cerrado, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lara Lemos ◽  
José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
Henrique Augusto Mews ◽  
Eddie Lenza
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Rocky Outcrop ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Habitat Specialist Species

We described and compared the floristic composition, richness, species diversity and structure of the tree-shrub component in pairs of Typical Cerrado (Cerrado Típico) and rocky outcrop Cerrado (Cerrado Rupestre) in two localities in Tocantins State. In each locality, we set up 10 plots of 20 × 50 m at a site, the Cerrado Típico and other Cerrado Rupestre, and sampled the individuals with Db30cm ≥ 5 cm. The rocky outcrop Cerrado did not present any trend towards lower richness and basal area compared to the Cerrado on deep soil. Few species occurred across the four sites and only two important species (Anacardium occidentale and Qualea parviflora) in the four vegetation structure were common to both environments assessed. Furthermore, the occurrence of habitat-specialist species of rocky outcrops and high altitudes (Mimosa claussenii, Tibouchina papyrus, Schwartzia adamantium and Wunderlichia cruelsiana) and the high dissimilarity among sites suggest that altitude is the main responsible for the floristic dissimilarity, followed by the influence of substrate type. Therefore, the information with respect to phytophysiognomy type as a parameter to select areas for conservation, by itself, does not effectively ensure biodiversity preservation, owing to the existing flora heterogeneity not only at local but also at regional scale, revealed by the floristic and structural particularity of each site.

Vascular epiphyte diversity in two forest types of the “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilia de la Rosa-Manzano ◽  
Antonio Guerra-Pérez ◽  
Glenda Mendieta-Leiva ◽  
Arturo Mora-Olivo ◽  
José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
El Cielo Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

We assessed the diversity, vertical distribution, and the effect of structural and geographical factors on the diversity of vascular epiphyte assemblages (VEAs) in two forest types in the “El Cielo” Biosphere Reserve. We found 2839 epiphyte individuals from 15 species on 240 host trees (27 species) in the semideciduous forest and 5085 individuals from 8 species on 215 host trees (12 species) in the pine–oak forest. Epiphytes showed a preference for the middle zone of the host trees. The diversity of VEAs was uneven in both forest types, although the VEA in the semideciduous forest was the most diverse. VEAs across forests were slightly similar in their composition (30% mean overlap), but very different in their structure (i.e., they did not share very abundant species). The variation in species richness among VEAs was influenced by forest structure, independently of forest type. Compositional differences of VEAs among forest types were explained by geographic distance and host-tree identity (31% and 28% variation explained, respectively). By characterizing the diversity of VEAs we provide a basic understanding of the factors influencing epiphyte diversity in these understudied ecosystems.

scholarly journals A vegetação da capoeira na região do curso médio do Rio Jacuí, RS

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori ◽  
Solon J. Longhi ◽  
Miguel A. Durlo
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Composition And Structure

This work describes the floristic composition and structure of the brushwood vegetation in the region of the mid flow of the Jacuí River, RS. This forest type is highly heterogeneous. Forty five woody species were found, of which the pioneer vegetationis the most abundant. Species of economic importance occur less frequently. Also identified were ninety-six non-wood species.

scholarly journals Comparision of regeneration of scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. in Myrtillosa and Hylocomiosa forest types after shelterwood cuttings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oto Rums ◽  
◽  
Inga Straupe ◽  
Leonids Zdors ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Shelterwood Cut

The aim of the study is to determine how successful the initial growth of naturally grown and planted pines is after performing the shelterwood cutting. The research includes tree count and height analysis in Myrtillosa and Hylocomiosa forest types with different regeneration methods in 2018. A total of 10 sites were arranged for the research, each site having 4 sample plots. All naturally regenerated and planted pine (2009, 2012 and 2013) heights were measured. Judging by the number of trees after shelterwood cutting, most sites should not be considered regenerated, additional planting or scarification of soil is required which can improve the efficiency of natural regeneration. In all the sites both in Myrtillosa and Hylocomiosa, after shelterwood cutting it was observed that the height of artificially regenerated trees is higher than the height of naturally regenerated trees, indicating the ability of planted pines to produce more rapid height increment in the first years of life, regardless of forest type. The basal area of the stand has a significant negative impact on the increment, and it indicates the need for the subsequent shelterwood cut to be performed. Although Hylocomiosa is a more fertile forest type than Myrtillosa, the height of the planted pine trees in Myrtillosa is higher than in Hylocomiosa, where, after shelterwood cutting, no sufficiently intensive agro-technical tending has been performed.

Factors affecting frog density in the Solomon Islands

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Pikacha ◽  
Chris Filardi ◽  
Clare Morrison ◽  
Luke Leung
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
Species Being

This paper identifies some important factors affecting the density of frogs in the Solomon Islands. Distance sampling was used to estimate frog density in all major frog habitats across 13 islands. A total of 109 transects, covering five forest types (coastal, freshwater marshes, lowland forest, hill or ridge, and montane forest) were used, with 16 species being sampled. Estimated densities ranged from 2 ha–1 to 675 ha–1. Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select the most parsimonious model of frog density. Factors identified in the selected model to predict density of Batrachylodes elegans, Batrachylodes vertebralis, Ceratobatrachus guentheri, Discodeles bufoniformis, Discodeles guppyi, Discodeles malukuna, Litoria thesaurensis, Palmatorappia solomonis, Platymantis guppyi, Platymantis neckeri, Platymantis solomonis, Platymantis sp., Platymantis weberi, and Rana kreffti were island, landform, and forest type. Additional factors such as disturbance, leaf litter, shrub, and understorey were also described by the regression model as predictors of density for B. vertebralis, C. guentheri, D. guppyi, D. malukuna, Pal. solomonis, P. guppyi, and R. kreffti. These findings have important management implications for the conservation of frogs in the Solomon Islands. High densities of most species were strongly related with forest type and low disturbance. Preservation of rainforest, in especially high conservation value old-growth forests, is imperative to protecting these species.

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