Toward a New Politics? On the Recent Historiography of Human Rights

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEVIN O. PENDAS
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
New Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

When the late Kenneth Cmiel undertook the first systematic analysis of the emerging historiography of human rights in 2004, he surveyed a field that was ‘refreshingly inchoate’. In the ensuing seven years, the scholarship on the history of human rights has burgeoned considerably. Yet one might still reasonably characterise the field overall as inchoate. Like any new subfield of historical inquiry, there is a clear lack of consensus among leading historians of human rights about even the most elementary contours of the subject. What are human rights? When and where did they emerge? How and why did they spread (if, indeed, they spread at all)? Who were the crucial agents in this history? Few historians working in the field seem to agree in their answers to any of these questions.

Finding a Voice: the Community Dramas of Monticchiello

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Richard Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Italian Comedy ◽  
Full Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Regular Contact ◽  
The Village

The regular community drama activity of the village of Monticchiello in Italy has been pursued for nearly a quarter of a century, but is still little known abroad. A full study of the phenomenon is as much a study of the community, past and present, as it is a piece of theatrical analysis, in the area where there is a complete interlock between social history and the theatrical activity which a society produces. Since the work and history of the Teatro Povero have too many ramifications for everything to be summarized or even alluded to in one article, Richard Andrews here sets out to introduce the subject to students of theatre ‘by example’ – aiming to dig a single trench into the strata, in order to convey the outlines of the subject, hopefully without damage to the evidence needed for a more complete survey. Richard Andrews is Professor of Italian at Leeds University, having previously taught at Swansea and Kent. For the past fifteen years his research interests have been mainly concentrated on theatrical material, and he is currently preparing a study of sixteenth-century Italian comedy for Cambridge University Press. His regular contact with Monticchiello dates from 1983, and has been supported by a systematic analysis of all the texts produced there since 1967.

scholarly journals HOMO DEMOCRATICUS (On the Universal Desirability and the Not So Universal Possibility of Democracy and Human Rights)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Spagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Us Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Universal Application

The subject of the thesis - the universal value of human rights and democracy - is highly topical in view of the 'democratic imperialism' of the current (dd 2002) US-government. While leaving aside the problem of the acceptability of war as a means to promote democracy (e.g. the second Gulf War), the thesis focusses on a philosophical, moral and pragmatical defence of the universal application of democracy and human rights. Only if this defence is successful can the discussion on the means and tactics of democratic imperialism begin.The originality of the thesis is its defence of the universal value of both democracy and human rights. Whereas the defence of the universality of human rights has a long tradition, there is as yet almost no literature on the universal desirability of democracy. The defence is partly philosophical, ethical, political, legal and practical. It draws on the history of philosophy and ethics, as well as on political science.

The History of Sexuality and Historical Methodology

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Clark-Huckstep
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
History Of Sexuality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Michel Foucault's The History of Sexuality has been the subject of debate among historians for decades. More specifically, his assertion, ‘the sodomite was a temporary aberration, the homosexual was now a species,’ has been used to support an ‘acts-to-identity’ theory that locates in the late-nineteenth century a shift in thinking about sexuality. The author argues that a re-reading of Foucault shifts the focus of historical inquiry from identities towards the process of knowledge creation, allowing for ambiguity that the concept ‘identity’ might foreclose. This essay examines the debate and offers a new reading of Foucault based on the work of Lynne Huffer. Finally, the author seeks to centre a source-driven approach in conjunction with The History of Sexuality, providing readings of patients and informants from the work of Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Havelock Ellis.

scholarly journals The history of the world's first icebreaker “Yermak” and the significance of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-350
Author(s):  
Halyna Davydovska ◽  
Oleksiy Petruchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Yanin
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Further Development

In this article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. In addition, the authors considered and analyzed the assessment of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov and his personal contribution to the results of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker made by Baron Ferdinand von Wrangel. The first polar expeditions showed that the idea of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov about the icebreaker fleet was viable and required further development. It is shown that the results of the first Arctic expeditions made by “Yermak” allowed to significantly develop knowledge in various scientific fields of Arctic and Earth research, namely, topography, astronomy, meteorology, hydrology, geology, magnetism, zoology, and botany. The use of these methods and approaches to scientific research allowed to retrace the way of life and professional activity of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov’s systematically and critically evaluate the sources used, highlight the main points in the current state of studying the subject and the results of predecessors, specify the most promising directions of research, give a description of the previous works on this issue and clearly distinguish issues that have not yet been resolved.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN EUROPEAN B.V. YAKOVENKO

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
V. N. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Holistic Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ontological Turn ◽  
European Thought

The article analyzes the creativity of one of the most famous Russian neokantians Boris V. Yakovenko. Despite the fact that the work of Yakovenko becomes the subject of analysis of an increasing number of researchers both in Russia and abroad, it has not yet taken place in a systematic analysis. The article attempts to consider the philosophical creativity of the Russian philosopher systematically, revealing both the main directions of European thought that had the greatest influence on the position of Yakovenko and the main areas of philosophy to which the efforts of the national thinker were directed. These, according to the author, include the history of philosophy and the system of so-called transcendental pluralism. It is pointed out that the history of philosophy for Yakovenko is a single holistic process and therefore is the history of the development of philosophical ideas, and not the history of life and work of individual philosophers. According to Yakovenko, the general philosophical scheme of historical development looks like this: from Greek cosmism to German epistemology and the beginning ontological turn in modern philosophy. There is also the belief of B.V. Yakovenko that there is no national philosophy. In his opinion, philosophy, as well as science in General, can only be international. His second main thesis concerning the development of philosophy is that philosophy should be independent from other branches of human knowledge and knowledge. She must not be a servant of theology or science. The article also presents various stages of the Russian philosopher's development of his version of the concept of pluralistic philosophy. According to Yakovenko, only pluralistic philosophy is able to know the essence as the main object of philosophy.

The History of Historiography in the Merovingian Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 461-488
Author(s):  
Helmut Reimitz
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Roman World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Historical Writings

The writing of history played an important part in Merovingian society, a fact that is well documented in the Merovingian authors’ writing and rewriting of history. The different histories and versions of history also show that Merovingian culture was not a culture in decline after the end of the western Roman Empire. A closer look demonstrates that the transformation of historical knowledge and culture demanded a higher degree of sophistication, expertise, and originality than modern scholars have been willing to allow for the authors of Merovingian histories. The extant historical works from the Merovingian period testify to the historical sophistication and education of their authors. They also show that their authors were well aware of a variety of histories, historical interpretations, models, and genres. This chapter suggests that we might understand the work of these historians better if we take their generic choices more seriously than we usually do. They all worked with the preconception of a genre to define the subject of their historical inquiry while attempting to transform the expectations and patterns of reading and writing history in a post-Roman world. Such an approach might also help us to understand the diversity of generic choices and forms of historical writings in the Merovingian period as one of the characteristic features of a Merovingian historiography.

Can Memory Be Collective?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Green
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This article explains the collectivity of memory. Memory, in all its guises, has been at the heart of historical inquiry over the past three decades. Cultural and social historians, sociologists, social psychologists, and those working in cultural studies and literary criticism have generated a significant body of work exploring both individual autobiographical memory and collective, public memory. Interest in the subject of collective remembrance, initially focusing upon the social and cultural forms through which the violent and repressive history of the twentieth century were recalled and commemorated, has developed over time into a broader, interdisciplinary field focusing upon memory. The term “memory” has now expanded to encompass all these forms of historical consciousness, a development that has received a less-than-enthusiastic response from those historians who define conventional history by its goals of objectivity and truth, as opposed to the subjectivity and partiality of memory. Discussion on personal and collective memory and social identities conclude this article.

scholarly journals Modern teaching on the rights and freedoms of human and citizen

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
D. G. Vasilevich
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the doctrine of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The connection between the theory of human rights and freedoms and the history of the development of society is traced. The works of thinkers of the past are analyzed. The dynamics of views on the development of rights and freedoms is shown. Special attention is focused on two basic concepts of rights and freedoms – natural-legal and positivist, the general and special in their content are highlighted. Both of these concepts consider human rights as a certain view of the world outlook, worldview, which are based on the principle of humanism, and also as a system of humanistic values that determine relationships in society. Attention is drawn to the essential features of human rights. A brief analysis of three generations of human rights is carried out. It is emphasized that this classification is classical. However, new times force us to look at the classification problem in a new way. The classification of human and civil rights allows you to see their evolution, the historical connection of times, the general trend of development. The conclusion is substantiated that in the current period of human development, taking into account the achievements of science, primarily biomedicine, we can talk about the fourth generation of human rights, the socalled somatic rights. In this century, the focus on somatic human rights has become a feature. They increasingly occupy the attention of international organizations, become the subject of discussion at the national and international levels, since through their prism the nature of the relationship between a person and a state is assessed.

ESSENCE OF SOMATIC HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE PROCESS OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 2663-2667
Author(s):  
Dmytro M. Bielov ◽  
Myroslava V. Hromovchuk ◽  
Yaroslav V. Hretsa ◽  
Vasyl V. Tymchak
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The aim: To study the constitutional and legal principles and the influence of various factors on the mechanism of realization of somatic rights in the process of biomedical research. Materials and methods: Formal-logical methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to reveal the content of the concepts that make up the subject of research, to classify them, as well as to formulate intermediate and general conclusions. The systematic method allowed to study the role and significance of somatic human rights among other human and civil rights and freedoms. Using the historical method, the doctrinal basis of the study was analyzed, and the main stages of the formation of biomedical research with human participation were identified. Conclusions: The historiography of somatic human rights in biomedical research in a broad sense is a field of scientific knowledge. Studies the development of constitutional and legal science and its patterns; in the narrow sense, it is a set of works on various problems of the history of modern constitutionalism, human rights, the influence of religion on human rights and the mechanism of their implementation and protection in a certain historical period.

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