The brief cognitive assessment tool (BCAT): cross-validation in a community dwelling older adult sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. MacDougall ◽  
William E. Mansbach ◽  
Kristen Clark ◽  
Ryan A. Mace
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cut Score ◽  
Brief Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACTBackground:Cognitive impairment is underrecognized and misdiagnosed among community-dwelling older adults. At present, there is no consensus about which cognitive screening tool represents the “gold standard.” However, one tool that shows promise is the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT), which was originally validated in an assisted living sample and contains a multi-level memory component (e.g. word lists and story recall items) and complex executive functions features (e.g. judgment, set-shifting, and problem-solving).Methods:The present study cross-validated the BCAT in a sample of 75 community-dwelling older adults. Participants completed a short battery of several individually administered cognitive tests, including the BCAT and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Using a very conservative MoCA cut score of <26, the base rate of cognitive impairment in this sample was 35%.Results:Adequate internal consistency and strong evidence of construct validity were found. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated from sensitivity and 1-specificity values for the classification of cognitively impaired versus cognitively unimpaired. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the BCAT was .90,p< 0.001, 95% CI [0.83, 0.97]. A BCAT cut-score of 45 (scores below 45 suggesting cognitive impairment) resulted in the best balance between sensitivity (0.81) and specificity (0.80).Conclusions:A BCAT cut-score can be used for identifying persons to be referred to appropriate healthcare professionals for more comprehensive cognitive assessment. In addition, guidelines are provided for clinicians to interpret separate BCAT memory and executive dysfunction component scores.

Predictive ability of the Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment Tool for mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: a 2-Year Longitudinal Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junta Takahashi ◽  
Hisashi Kawai ◽  
Hiroyuki Suzuki ◽  
Yoshinori Fujiwara ◽  
Yutaka Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

BACKGROUND The Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment Tool (CompBased-CAT) has been reported to have concurrent validity with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and discriminating ability for dementia, but it was not clear whether it could predict incidence of cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE This study examined the ability of the CompBased-CAT to predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 2 years among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted, involving 455 older adults (median age 72 years, range 65-89 years, 62.0% female) dwelling in communities. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE. MCI was defined as an MMSE score <27. The CompBased-CAT was conducted at baseline, and each sub-test score was converted to a Z-score, the sum of which became the total Z-score. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the predictive ability of the CompBased-CAT for incidence of MCI. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with the dependent variable (the incidence of MCI), and with the total Z-score as the independent variable, adjusted for all other covariates. RESULTS After 2 years, 32 (7.0%) of participants developed MCI. ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.79, a sensitivity of 0.76, and a specificity of 0.75. Logistic regression analysis showed that total Z-score was significantly associated with prevention of MCI. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.18-1.52, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that CompBased-CAT has sufficient predictive ability for MCI 2 years later and that it is useful for identifying dementia at an early stage.

scholarly journals Can Virtual Assistants Perform Cognitive Assessment in Older Adults? A Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Carmen Moret-Tatay ◽  
Isabel Iborra-Marmolejo ◽  
María José Jorques-Infante ◽  
José Vicente Esteve-Rodrigo ◽  
Carla H. A. Schwanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
The Given ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Community-dwelling older adults have raised the scientific community’s interest during the COVID-19 era as their chronic conditions might be aggravated by the consequences of confinement. Digital devices in this field to monitor cognitive impairment are an emerging reality of an innovative nature. However, some groups may not have benefited from these developments as much as, for example, younger people. The aim of this manuscript is to carry out a review on the development of digital devices, and specifically virtual assistants, for the detection of cognitive impairment in older adults. After a screening process, eight studies were found under the given criteria, and this number was even smaller for those using virtual assistants. Given the opportunities offered by virtual assistants through techniques such as natural language processing, it seems imperative to take advantage of this opportunity for groups such as older adults.

scholarly journals Social Frailty and Executive Function: Association with Geriatric Syndromes, Life Space and Quality of Life in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Ong ◽  
K. Pek ◽  
C.N. Tan ◽  
J. Chew ◽  
J.P. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Despite emerging evidence about the association between social frailty and cognitive impairment, little is known about the role of executive function in this interplay, and whether the co-existence of social frailty and cognitive impairment predisposes to adverse health outcomes in healthy community-dwelling older adults. Objectives: We aim to examine independent associations between social frailty with the MMSE and FAB, and to determine if having both social frailty and cognitive impairment is associated with worse health outcomes than either or neither condition. Methods: We studied 229 cognitively intact and functionally independent community-dwelling older adults (mean age= 67.2±7.43). Outcome measures comprise physical activity; physical performance and frailty; geriatric syndromes; life space and quality of life. We compared Chinese Mini Mental State Examination (CMMSE) and Chinese Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores across the socially non-frail, socially pre-frail and socially frail. Participants were further recategorized into three subgroups (neither, either or both) based on presence of social frailty and cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score below the educational adjusted cut-offs in either CMMSE or FAB. We performed logistic regression adjusted for significant covariates and mood to examine association with outcomes across the three subgroups. Results: Compared with CMMSE, Chinese FAB scores significantly decreased across the social frailty spectrum (p<0.001), suggesting strong association between executive function with social frailty. We derived three subgroups relative to relationship with socially frailty and executive dysfunction: (i) Neither, N=140(61.1%), (ii) Either, N=79(34.5%), and (iii) Both, N=10(4.4%). Compared with neither or either subgroups, having both social frailty and executive dysfunction was associated with anorexia (OR=4.79, 95% CI= 1.04-22.02), near falls and falls (OR= 5.23, 95% CI= 1.10-24.90), lower life-space mobility (odds ratio, OR=9.80, 95% CI=2.07-46.31) and poorer quality of life (OR= 13.2, 95% CI= 2.38-73.4). Conclusion: Our results explicated the association of executive dysfunction with social frailty, and their synergistic relationship independent of mood with geriatric syndromes, decreased life space and poorer quality of life. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the association between social frailty and executive dysfunction merits further study as a possible target for early intervention in relatively healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Do Communication Patterns Affect the Association between Cognitive Impairment and Hearing Loss among Older Adults in Vietnam?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Tran Dai Tri Han ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
Kaoruko Seino ◽  
Vo Nu Hong Duc ◽  
Thang Van Vo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study examined the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults in central Vietnam and the roles of communication (with or without communication devices) in the association between cognitive impairment and hearing loss. This cross-sectional study was performed on 725 randomly selected community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years from Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Participants attended a face-to-face survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, social interaction with or without communication devices, health status and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination were reported. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to quantify the association between hearing loss and cognitive function by frequency of communication with and without devices. Mild and severe cognitive impairment had prevalence rates of 23.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Cognitive impairment was more prevalent among older adults with hearing-loss, vision loss and difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment was not significant when older adults had frequent communication with others using devices. This study presented the relatively high prevalence of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Vietnam. Frequent communication using devices attenuated the association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment.

Exploring the Association between Multimorbidity and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults Living in the Community: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232110304
Author(s):  
Grace F. Wittenberg ◽  
Michelle A. McKay ◽  
Melissa O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Increased Risk

Two-thirds of older adults have multimorbidity (MM), or co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions. Mild cognitive impairment (CI) is found in almost 20% of older adults and can lead to further cognitive decline and increased mortality. Older adults with MM are the primary users of home health care services and are at high risk for CI development; however, there is no validated cognitive screening tool used to assess the level of CI in home health users. Given the prevalence of MM and CI in the home health setting, we conducted a review of the literature to understand this association. Due to the absence of literature on CI in home health users, the review focused on the association of MM and CI in community-dwelling older adults. Search terms included home health, older adults, cognitive impairment, and multimorbidity and were applied to the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo leading to eight studies eligible for review. Results show CI is associated with MM in older adults of increasing age, among minorities, and in older adults with lower levels of education. Heart disease was the most prevalent disease associated with increased CI. Sleep disorders, hypertension, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia were also significantly associated with increased CI. The presence of MM and CI was associated with increased risk for death among older adults. Further research and attention are needed regarding the use and development of a validated cognitive assessment tool for home health users to decrease adverse outcomes in the older adult population.

Anxiety, Depression, and 1-Year Incident Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
Hélène Forget ◽  
Sébastien Grenier ◽  
Michel Préville ◽  
Carol Hudon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT) for Very Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Dimitra Savvoulidou ◽  
Efthymia Totikidou ◽  
Chariklia Varvesiotou ◽  
Magda Iakovidou ◽  
Ourania Sfakianaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with cognitive decline. This study describes the development of a Brief Odor Detection Test (B-ODT), and its pilot administration in community-dwelling older adults. The study aimed at examining whether the test could differentiate older adults with very mild cognitive impairment from their cognitively healthy counterparts. The sample consisted of 34 older adults (22 women), aged from 65 to 87 years. Participants were divided into two groups according to their general cognitive functioning. Odor detection was measured via vanillin solutions at the following concentrations: 150 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and .03 mg/L. The first condition of the test involved a scale administration of vanillin solutions. The second condition examined the change in air odour and it required vanillin solution of 30 mg/L and a metric ruler of 30 cm. The examiner had to place the solution at a specific distance point from each nostril. Odour identification sensitivity was secondarily measured. The results showed statistically significant differences in odour detection threshold between the two groups. In the unirhinal testing, left nostril differences of the two groups were definite. Hence, the B-ODT seems a promising instrument for very early cognitive impairment screening in older adult population.

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