Exploiting excavation archives: Herculaneum from 1927 to 1961 as a case-study

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Nicolas Monteix
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Perception ◽  
The Past ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Wooden Furniture ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Source Of Information

“Questi giornali di scavo di Ercolano sono una miseria di forma e di sostanza”“The only source of information for most of the finds of the site [Pompeii] remains the pages of the Giornali degli Scavi”With the multiplication of excavations, archaeological research (and even rescue archaeology) increasingly faces sites previously explored and thereby has to deal with documentation made with different methods and of different scopes than those of today. Beyond the historiographical issues and differences in ways of describing the past as viewed from the present, such an archival documentation is generally fragmentary, often scattered between various institutions or in private archives. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a debate on an important issue: how might we best make use of previous material, from archival documents to publications?Herculaneum can exemplify the main processes one might face while studying a site excavated in the past. Initially explored through tunnels, it was excavated in open-area excavations in four periods (1828-55; 1869-75; 1927-61; 1996-98). Most of the city as we know it was uncovered by A. Maiuri (1886-1963) while he was Soprintendente and director of the Museum of Naples (1924-61). He managed to pass himself off as the only excavator of Herculaneum, and such a view was consolidated by the (incomplete) publication of his excavations in 1958. Up until the late 1990s, anything written about Herculaneum relied on his synthesis, with only a few re-interpretations based on observations made on a site that had been restored and presented by him. S. Mols was the first to use other sources to understand better the context of the wooden furniture discovered throughout the town, namely the daybooks (Giornale degli scavi di Ercolano [henceforth GSE]) composed during the excavation. Since then, slowly but surely, many of those involved in the study of Herculaneum started using those diaries, hoping to have a more complete and less subjective perception of the excavation — at least, one less influenced by Maiuri.

scholarly journals Land-Use Dynamics in Transport-Impacted Urban Fabric: A Case Study of Martin–Vrútky, Slovakia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Jana Nozdrovická ◽  
Ivo Dostál ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Imrich Jakab ◽  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Past Conditions

The paper evaluates landscape development, land-use changes, and transport infrastructure variations in the city of Martin and the town of Vrútky, Slovakia, over the past 70 years. It focuses on analyses of the landscape structures characterizing the study area in several time periods (1949, 1970, 1993, 2003); the past conditions are then compared with the relevant current structure (2018). Special attention is paid to the evolution of the landscape elements forming the transport infrastructure. The development and progressive changes in traffic intensities are presented in view of the resulting impact on the formation of the landscape structure. The research data confirm the importance of transport as a force determining landscape changes, and they indicate that while railroad accessibility embodied a crucial factor up to the 1970s, the more recent decades were characterized by a gradual shift to road transport.

Notes on the Building Materials of Pompeii

1933 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

I. Introduction.—The dating of building materials at Pompeii presents a problem which is in several ways peculiar. Although more than half the city has by now been uncovered and has provided a wealth of epigraphic material almost without parallel among Italian towns, yet the number of buildings which it is possible to date from such evidence can be counted on one hand, since for the most part the inscriptions concern events which are too trivial, or persons who are too obscure, to offer any indication of their date. Furthermore, the procedure adopted in the past for excavating the town has precluded all but the most meagre help being given by pottery. Till a few years ago, Pompeian excavators for the most part stopped digging as soon as the uppermost (and latest) level had been reached, and earlier buildings, of which the foundations presumably survive under the later floors, were left unexplored. Hence, the pottery which is most useful for purposes of dating (that occurring in association with structural foundations) is not forthcoming. Pompeii, in fact, has been too much a show-piece for visitors, too little a site to be scientifically explored.

City Powd’ring

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-111
Author(s):  
James M. Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Sexual Knowledge ◽  
Biological Determinism ◽  
City Comedy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Queer Culture ◽  
Alternate Forms ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

This chapter examines how Thomas Middleton’s Michaelmas Term positions the cloth trade as pivotal to the construction of sexuality and sexual relations in the city. Circulating with cloth in the play is queer urban sexual knowledge. Antitheatricalists feared that the theater was a site of sexual pedagogy and initiation in the early modern period. Michaelmas Term subtly embraces that role for the city comedy, and the chapter draws on queer theories of materiality to demonstrate that the play’s relentless focus on the materiality of selfhood is pertinent in querying the limits of biological determinism and essentialism that characterize mainstream politics around sexuality today. The play can prompt us to consider how alternate forms of queer ontogenesis derived from the past have affordances for the production of queer culture in the present.

Retrieving a Redemptive Past: Protecting Heritage and Heimat in East German Cities

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Jason James
Keyword(s):  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
East German ◽  
German Cities ◽  
The City

In the years following unification, East German cityscapes have been subject to fierce contention because historic preservation and urban renewal have served as a local allegory of national redemption. Using conflicts over preservation and renewal in the city of Eisenach as a case study, I argue that historic cityscapes have served as the focus of many East Germans' efforts to grapple with the problem of Germanness because they address the past as a material cultural legacy to be retrieved and protected, rather than as a past to be worked through. In Eisenach's conflicts, heritage and Heimat serve as talismans of redemption not just because they symbolize an unspoiled German past, but also because they represent structures of difference that evoke a victimized Germanness—they are above all precious, vulnerable possessions threatened with disruption, pollution, or destruction by agents placed outside the moral boundaries of the hometown by its bourgeois custodians.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN METODE ANALISIS RISIKO BENCANA: SEBUAH STUDI KASUS PULAU LOMBOK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

Earthquakes often cause fatalities to human being. Unfortunately, the event of earthquakes cannot be forecasted. But, the hazard risk due to these earthquakes could be reduced if the geological, seismic and physical surface conditions are known. This reduction plays an important role in disaster mitigation. This paper discusses the development of a method for hazard risk analysis due to earthquakes. The development is based on the input parameters of the hazard and vulnerability components of a site being investigated. Each parameter is then rated, so the total rating of hazard and vulnerability input parameters is obtained. The comparison between the applied rating and the total rating of hazard and vulnerability input parameters results in an index of each input parameter, consecutively. Thus, the multiplication of indexes, (hazard and vulnerability), results in a hazard risk index. Based on the proposed hazard index, a case study in the city of Mataram of Lombok Island has been conducted. The result shows that the city of Mataram has a medium hazard risk index. This means that if an earthquake occurs in the city of Mataram, a medium scale of fatalities may be experienced by the city. However, this index should be considered as an early warning system in disaster mitigation. So, the real condition of the city should be evaluated in order to increase the degree of preparedness due to the event of earthquakes that could occur at any time.

scholarly journals Il piano regolatore di Tripoli (1930-1936). La consapevolezza del passato

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Marisa Grisoni
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Development ◽  
Original Source ◽  
The Past ◽  
City Walls ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Tripoli town plan (1930-1936). The consciousness of the pastThe paper recalls the well known urban facts of Tripoli during the Italian colonialism to eventually deepen the theme of the preservation of the past and not only of the Roman one, as well of the city walls. The town plan has been analyzed not only as it has been approved but also as it has been argued, not only through the drawings but also by the debate. A few letters between the professionals involved (especially Alberto Alpago Novello) and some authoritative exponents of the contemporary architecture culture and criticism (like, Gustavo Giovannoni) have assured an original source to underlines the critical background and to reveal a purpose of touristic and commercial development.  

scholarly journals Transient soundscape production

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Daniel Walzer
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Music Technology ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Music Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scholarly Output ◽  
A Site

Over the past decade, there has been a steady increase of scholarly output examining the multidisciplinary, creative, and theoretical aspects of sound and music production in the recording studio and beyond (Zagorski-Thomas & Bourbon, 2020; Bennett & Bates, 2019; Hepworth- Sawyer, Hodgson, & Marrington, 2019; Thompson, 2019; Zagorski-Thomas, 2014; Frith & Zagorski-Thomas, 2012). Accordingly, a broad range of literature examines sound as a widespread cultural phenomenon (Papenburg & Schulze, 2016) and an essential source for pedagogical and ethnographic modeling in music technology education (Bell, 2018). Advances in technology make the “studio,” long viewed as a site of artistic and commercial production, available to a broader group of composers, musicians, and artists. Similarly, portable digital recorders afford sound artists and fi eld recordists an expansive range of choices to conduct soundscape research and creative practice. What emerges is a hybrid “composer- producer” identity and a studio’s function in the artistic process. This growth is the rise of an independent and transient practice in soundscape production among multidisciplinary composers and musicians. This article advocates for an updated notion of soundscape composition that integrates fi eld recordings, studio production, and collaboration from musicians representing a broad range of stylistic infl uences. Positioning the studio as a site of cultural production and creativity has implications for how soundscape production is taught to young composers. The author argues for a more inclusive, process-oriented view on both creativity and the places where musicians, composers, and producers work. The article includes a case study from the author’s recent album project, narrative analysis, concluding with a discussion on the pedagogical implications of independent soundscape production in education.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DETERMINISM AND TERRITORIAL PUBLIC ACTION IN FRANCE: CHALLENGES AND EVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory BUSQUET
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Narrative ◽  
The People ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
The City

This article proposes a theoretical point of view in order to show the importance of the collective memory and the urban narrative in the strategic approach of the urban project. The capacity of a municipality to build a local narrative joining the past, the memory and the project, is examined in the second part of the article, in a case study of a collectivity confronted with the project of the Grand Paris and strong socio-spatial transformation since 1950. The conclusions of thirty deep interviews, conducted on the people involved in the city organization allow to differentiate legitimated and rejected places in the spaces of remembering, and the difficulties of this kind of municipalities to be pro active in the Grand Paris project.

scholarly journals Strip plazas in the suburbs: a redevelopment framework for convenience centres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Elizabeth Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Suburban Communities ◽  
The People ◽  
Post War ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

Convenience centres are a prominent retail form in the suburban communities of Toronto. Built to satisfy the goods and service needs of the people who inhabit the suburbs, convenience centres were first built in the post-war era, and consist of one-story retail units connected by a shared canopy. They have one or more rows of parking adjacent to the street and are designed to create a convenient experience for drivers. Convenience centres in Toronto typically occupy real estate along the Avenues and major arterial roads: areas designated in the City of Toronto Official plan to support future intensification, density, and housing. Therefore, the research in this project describes a set of recommendations in the form of a framework for redevelopment of convenience centres. It also outlines a case study for a site in Scarborough, Ontario, in which this framework was applied. Key words: retail; strip plaza; convenience centre; suburbs; redevelopment; Toronto;

‘One Can’t Help Shuddering at the Sight of the Ruin of This Thriving Town’: The Great Fire in Yeniseisk and Its Consequences. 1869-1870

2018 ◽  
pp. 483-494
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Gonina ◽  
◽  
Anna P. Dvoretskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

This archive draws on archival sources to study the Great Fire in Yeniseysk in 1869 and its consequences for development of this northern provincial town. The research derives its novelty from the first publication of documents of the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and that of the Irkutsk Region, which describe measures of fire response and name benefactors. Historical approach allows to place specific patterns of local community in the context of social history of the 20th century. Anthropological approach allows to identify means and modes of surviving in a natural disaster. The fire clamed about 200 lives, destroyed all wooden buildings in the town, and disrupted daily activities of more than 7 thousand Yeniseysk citizens. At present, such disasters are considered as more than just local disasters. From the religious point of view, such natural disasters disrupt the balance and harmony of the God's world and require worldwide effort to set it to rights. The case-study of the Yeniseysk community concludes that actions of a person within the fire storm were determined not just by self-preservation, but also by responsibility for the lives of those around them. People appealed to church for help. Many Yeniseysk priests rose to the occasion as their vocation demanded. The archival documents show how rapidly the nation responded to the disaster. The case-study of Yeniseysk in 1869-1871 demonstrates an array of measures aiming to attract external resources. The activities were based on Christian principles of communal spirit and charity, community help and civic cooperation in joined efforts of state and public institutions, private and corporate donors. The article concludes that effective moneyed assistance and social support significantly decreased the severity of losses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document