Number of Siblings and Participation in Voluntary Associations

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Deniz Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
The Relationship

While demographers have long been concerned with population increases, recent significant declines in fertility also warrant concern. So far, however, most researchers have focused on the causes of lower fertility rather than its consequences. This study makes a theoretical contribution by proposing a new conceptual framework, which suggests that growing up with fewer siblings is associated with more participation in voluntary associations. Using General Social Survey (GSS) from the US, the relationship between sibship size and participation in voluntary associations is empirically tested. It is found that there is a negative relationship between sibship size and participation in voluntary associations among American adults who have at least four siblings. These findings have implications for researchers who seek a better understanding of the consequences of declining sibship size, not only in the US but also in Europe. Specifically, these results have implications for several countries in Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe, regions that have experienced ‘the lowest-low fertility’ in the last two decades.

Number of siblings and generalized trust

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1408
Author(s):  
Deniz Yucel
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
The Relationship

While demographers have long been concerned with population increases, recent significant declines in fertility also warrant concern. However, most researchers to date have focused on the causes of lower fertility rather than its consequences. Using General Social Survey (GSS) data, I tested the relationship between sibship size and generalized trust. I found that there is a negative relationship between sibship size and generalized trust among adults who have at least 4 siblings. These findings have implications for researchers who seek to have a better understanding of the consequences of declining sibship size.

Relationship between coaching leadership style and young athletes' social responsibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1385-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Hoon Lee ◽  
Seunghyun Hwang ◽  
Youngjun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between young athletes' perception of their leaders' coaching behavior and the athletes' level of social responsibility. Participants were 204 high school athletes from the Midwest region in the US. Hierarchical regression analysis results showed that there was a positive relationship between the athletes' social responsibility and the coaches' democratic behavior, and a negative relationship between social responsibility and coaches' autocratic behavior. These results indicate that the athletes who perceived their coaches as behaving more democratically and less autocratically had a higher level of social responsibility than the others had. Our findings signify the importance of using types of coaching behavior that enhance student athletes' social responsibility.

Socioeconomic Status and the Frequency of Anger across the Life Course

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schieman
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Previous studies suggest that older people report less anger. However, little is known about the relationship between age and the frequency of anger among individuals with different levels of education and economic circumstances. Using data from the 1996 General Social Survey ( N = 1,442), I examine the effects of age on anger across levels of education and objective and subjective economic conditions. A significant and positive age × education interaction suggests that the negative relationship between age and the frequency of anger is stronger at lower levels of education. Adjustment for social roles and economic conditions fails to account for the age × education interaction effect. In addition, differences in anger between individuals who reported worsening financial conditions and those who reported that their finances improved or stayed the same are greatest among the youngest age groups, and the gap decreases at successively older age levels. I discuss the ways that these results contradict recent findings of SES-based age differences in depressive emotions and physical health status.

scholarly journals Does Money Matter? Childbearing Behaviour of Swedish Students in the 1980's and 1990's

2011 ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Thalberg
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Student Financial Aid ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Postponement

Education is considered to be one of the primary factors behind postponement of childbearing, as students have significantly lower fertility than non-students of the same age. The low fertility of students may have many different explanations. This study focus on the impact of economic and policy factors on the relationship between study enrolment and childbearing in Sweden. Using longitudinal data it is examined whether the student financial aid reform of 1989 had any effect on female students childbearing behaviour and whether female students relative childbearing propensi-ties change when controlling for their earned income. The results show that the reform had no noticeable impact on students childbearing behaviour. However, first birth risks for female students in all age groups are clearly related to earnings, indicating that the postponement of childbearing until completion of education is, to some degree, a matter of economic constraints.

Finding critical trusters: A response pattern model of political trust

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary Wu ◽  
Rima Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Us ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Democracies

How can declining political trust in Western democracies be explained, especially, when it remains stable and high in authoritarian societies? Underlying this question is a debate about whether political trust represents a diffuse orientation toward the political system as a whole or a specific assessment of incumbent performance. This article argues that the solution requires a move away from existing approaches that focus on question content and instead thinking about the pattern of responses. While previous work assumes that individuals display both specific and diffuse trust, we argue that the individual patterning of responses indicates either diffuse or specific trust but not both. We develop a response pattern model and use it to identify three types of individuals – critical trusters (specific trust), compliants (diffuse trust), and cynics (diffuse distrust). Tests of the model with the World Values Survey (WVS) and the US General Social Survey (GSS) show that democracies have a higher proportion of critical trusters than other systems of government and that the proportion of critical trusters has increased over time in the United States. The response pattern model directly connects cross-national and longitudinal empirical evidence to theory about the relationship between democracy and different types of trust.

scholarly journals The role of Emotional Intelligence on Workplace Bullying and Individual's Work performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanduni Gunawardena
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

Even though emotional intelligence has been proposed to mitigatethe adverse effects of stressful situations such as workplace bullying,previous studies have yet failed to explain as to how emotionalintelligence affects the relationship between workplace bullying andindividual work performance. Accordingly, this paper aims to explain theeffect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between workplacebullying and work performance. A survey was conducted among 230managerial level employees and their supervisors in the fast-movingconsumer goods industry. Emotional intelligence and workplacebulling were measured through a self-administered questionnaire whiletheir performance was assessed by supervisors. Data was analysedusing structural equation modelling (SEM) with AMOS software. Theempirical data supported the negative relationship between workplacebullying and an individual’s work performance. Study also finds thatperson-related bullying was the most influential form of bullyingthat affects an individual’s work performance. Furthermore, studyrevealed that the negative relationship between workplace bullyingand work performance is weaker for those with high El and strongerfor those with low El. Theoretical contribution of this paper is theextension of our understanding of workplace bullying on individual’swork performance by bringing emotional intelligence as a moderator.The paper recommends to managers to use emotional intelligenceas a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of workplace bullying onindividuals’ work performance.

scholarly journals The Sibsize Revolution in International Context. Declining Social Disparities in the Number of Siblings in 26 Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Präg ◽  
Seongsoo Choi ◽  
Christiaan Willem Simon Monden
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
International Context ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative

One's number of siblings is an important determinant for many life outcomes such as educational attainment. The US has experienced a 'sibsize revolution' in the last century, in which sibship sizes declined and which led to a convergence in family circumstances for children. Did this happen in other countries as well? This study examines the development of sibship size and social disparities in sibship size in low-fertility countries across the twentieth century. We analyze sibship size data collected from 111 nationally representative surveys conducted in 26 low-fertility countries across the twentieth century. Average sibship sizes have declined in virtually all countries. Average sibship sizes are socially stratified, with smaller sibship sizes among higher-educated parents. This social disparity in sibship size has declined over time, indicating convergence in most countries. This convergence takes place for large families, but not for only-child families. Siblings are an understudied phenomenon in family demography, despite their growing importance in a time of increasingly complex family structures. Given the significance of sibship size for children's educational outcomes and overall life chances, decreasing social disparities in sibship size suggest greater equality in the intergenerational transmission of advantage.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

Relationship of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Production Deviance: Role of Perceived Organizational Politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382
Author(s):  
Irsa Fatima Makhdoom ◽  
Mohsin Atta ◽  
Najma Iqbal Malik
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Production Deviance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was an endeavor to extend the literature of perceived organizational politics by examining its moderating role between the relationship of organizational citizenship behavior and production deviance. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (Mackenzie, Podsakoff, & Paine, 1999), Production Deviance sub-scale of Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist-32 (Spector et al., 2006), and Perception of Organizational Politics Scale (Kacmar & Carlson, 1997) were used in present study. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that low levels of perceived organizational politics moderated the relationship between courtesy and production deviance by strengthening the negative relationship of these behaviors while perceived organizational politics did not act as a moderator for the relationship of civic virtue and conscientiousness with production deviance. High level of go-along-to-get-ahead as a moderator strengthened the relationship of civic virtue and conscientiousness with production deviance and its low level was found to be moderating the relationship between courtesy and production deviance. Future implications of the study were also discussed.

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