Data of twins born in Italy 1936-51

1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Karn
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Gestation Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University ◽  
Chief Characteristic ◽  
Length Of Gestation

SummaryData of 986 twins from the records of the Clinica Ostetrica of the University of Rome have been analysed as regards the distributions, means and standard deviations of mother's age, order of birth, birth weight and length of gestation time in groups of like and unlike sex.The chief characteristic of these data compared with similar data from English hospitals is the inclusion of cases of low birth weight and short gestation time. In the English data there are 9 cases out of 1137 of the group of weight under 680 g; in the present data there are 57 out of 1942 which fall into the lowest group under 500 g.Similarly in length of gestation the English data have only 2 cases out of 926 under 170 days compared with 33 of the Italian out of 945.The correlations between twin weights are respectively .8030 for like sex and .7604 for unlike sex; for weight and gestation period they are .3814 (like sex) and .3606 (unlike sex).The regression of weight on length of gestation runs as a smooth curve in accordance with previous findings. The mean weights for given gestation times are about the same as, or a little higher than, those for the English data.I am greatly indebted to Dr. Norma McArthur for giving me a copy of these data.

Data of Twin Births occurring in 2 English metropolitan Hospitals

1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary N. Karn
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Gestation Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Length Of Gestation

SUMMARYA sample of 583 twins, delivered in two English hospitals, and divided into groups of like sex and unlike sex, has been analysed as regards distributions, means and standard deviations of mother's age, order of birth, birth weight and length of gestation time.In birth weight the unlike sex have greater means than the like sex, from which it may be deduced that dizygotic twins are heavier at birth than monozygotic.The correlation of birth weight in twins is 0.727 for like and 0.676 for unlike sex.Length of gestation time has a correlation with birth weight of 0.345 for like and 0.403 for unlike sex.Neonatal mortality (including stillbirths) is high for twins, being 16.6% as compared with 4.5 % in single births. When these rates are sub-divided into groups of birthweight, it is found that the rates for the very low weight groups are a little better for twins than for single births, but those round the mean and above it are about 3 times those for single births of average or above average weight.The mortality rates are a little lower for twins of unlike sex.

scholarly journals Enamel interproximal reduction during treatment with clear aligners: digital planning versus OrthoCAD analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Laganà ◽  
Arianna Malara ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Carlotta Danesi ◽  
Simonetta Meuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University ◽  
Enamel Reduction ◽  
Lower Arch

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to compare the amount of interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) provided on ClinCheck software with the amount of IPR carried out by the orthodontist during treatment with clear aligners. Methods 30 subjects (14 males, 16 females; mean age of 24.53 ± 13.41 years) randomly recruited from the Invisalign account of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” from November 2018 to October 2019, were collected according to the following inclusion criteria: mild to moderate dento-alveolar discrepancy (1.5–6.5 mm); Class I canine and molar relationship; full permanent dentition (excluding third molars); both arches treated only using Comprehensive Package by Invisalign system; treatment plan including IPR. Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) digital models (.stl files), created from an iTero scan, were collected from all selected patients. The OrthoCAD digital software was used to measure tooth mesiodistal width in upper and lower arches before (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1) before any refinement. The widest mesio-distal diameter was measured for each tooth excluding molars by “Diagnostic” OrthoCAD tool. The total amount of IPR performed during treatment was obtained comparing the sum of mesio-distal widths of all measured teeth at T0 and T1. Significant T1–T0 differences were tested with dependent sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results In the upper arch, IPR was digitally planned on average for 0.62 mm while in the lower arch was on average for 1.92 mm. As for the amount of enamel actually removed after IPR performing, it was on average 0.62 mm in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, the mean of IPR carried out was 1.93 mm. The difference between planned IPR and performed IPR is described: this difference was on average 0.00 mm in the upper arch and 0.01 in the lower arch. Conclusions The amount of enamel removed in vivo corresponded with the amount of IPR planned by the Orthodontist using ClinCheck software.

scholarly journals Procedimentos invasivos e sepse em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso: estudo descritivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Flavia do Valle Andrade Medeiros ◽  
Valdecyr Herdy Alves ◽  
Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho Valete ◽  
Eny Dórea Paiva ◽  
Diego Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Central Catheter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

Aim:  To  identify  the  type  of  sepsis  which  affected  newborns  withvery  low  birth  weight  and  invasive  care  procedures  to  which  they were  subjected  in  a university hospital in the city of Niterói, between the years 2008 and 2012. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study using secondary data research in the medical records of  newborns  admitted  to  the  Neonatal  Intensive  Care  Unit  of  the  University  Hospital Antônio Pedro. Results: Of the 49 infants studied, 35 were diagnosed with early sepsis, eight with early and late sepsis and six late. The mean gestational age was 30.5 weeks and  the  weight  1.176,1  kg.  The  most  frequently  performed  care procedures  were: peripheral  venipuncture  (87.8%),  central  catheter  peripheral  venipuncture  (81.6%), assistance  to  ventilation  in  the  delivery  room  (69.4%)  and  intubation  in  the  delivery room  (28.6%).  Conclusion:  It is inferred  that the  lower  birth  weight is  associated  with the higher incidence of sepsis.

Mortality, weight and body measurements at birth of Dairy Shorthorn calves

1949 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Length Of Gestation

1. Records of mortality of Dairy Shorthorn heifer calves in the N.I.R.D. herd from 1924 to 1946 were analysed and show a total loss of 16·3%. Losses due to abortions amounted to 5·1%, to stillbirths 6·3%, and post-natal losses in calves up to 6 months of age, 4·8%.2. The mean adjusted length of gestation period for 230 Dairy Shorthorn cows was 285·6 days.3. Calves carried longer were heavier at birth, the average increase in weight amounting to 0·91 lb. per day of gestation.4. The adjusted mean birth weight of the calves was 81·68 lb. Bull calves are carried longer than heifer calves by about 1·68 days and they are heavier at birth by about 3·29 lb.5. The birth weight of 111 heifer calves born between 1940 and 1947 was 79·9 lb. as compared with the value obtained before the war of 87·0 lb. for 285 heifer calves.Some factors affecting the weight of the calf at birth were studied; including the effect of artificial mating.

Effect of pre- and post- natal nutrition on the growth of beef cattle I. The effect of nutrition and parity of the dam on calf birth weight

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Tudor
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Length Of Gestation

The influence of submaintenance (low plane) nutrition during the last trimester of pregnancy, and parity of the dam, on calf birth weight was studied in Hereford cows.The submaintenance ration (3.5 kg Rhodes grass hay per head per day) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the mean calf birth weight by 6.8 kg to 24 1 kg, and the mean length of gestation by 5.4 days to 277.3 days, compared with an above-maintenance (high plane) ration (3.5 kg each of Rhodes grass hay and barley grain per head per day). Dam nutrition, however, did not influence the number of retained placentae, calf mortality, or the incidence of dystocias. Dam parity did not significantly influence calf birth weight or length of gestation, but significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of retained placentae of second parity cows. There were no significant differences between sexes in mean birth weight or mean gestation length. The regression of calf birth weight on dam weight just prior to calving was significant (P < 0.05) for high plane cows: y = 20.248 + 0.023x, r = 0.40. The regression of calf birth weight on length of gestation was significant for both high(P < 0.05) and low(P < 0.01) plane cows: y = –28.343 + 0.210x, r = 0.40, and y = -41.015 + 0.235x, r = 0.42 respectively.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcome of ART-experienced and ART-naïve HIV-infected Mothers at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
R. O. Ugwu ◽  
N. I. Paul ◽  
A. U. Eneh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Untreated maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome including preterm birth, low birth weight, and mother-to-child transmission of the virus. This study aimed to compare the pregnancy outcome between HIV infected mothers who received ART in pregnancy and those who were ART-naïve. Methods: A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected mothers who brought their infants for follow up between November 2007 and May 2017 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Relevant information obtained include: time of diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen and when it was commenced, gestational age at delivery and birthweight of child, mode of delivery, infant feeding option and ARV prophylaxis. Infection status of the infant was determined by DNA PCR at 6weeks of age. Based on when ART was commenced, mothers were grouped into three [(HAART experienced (HE) if ART was started before pregnancy, HAART in pregnancy (HIP) and HAART naive (NH) if no HAART was taken in pregnancy]. Main outcome measures were rates of prematurity, low birth weight, mean birth weight, birth defects and mother-to-child transmission. Result: A total of 1,640 HIV-exposed infants were seen (716(43.6%) in HE, 360(22.0%) in HIP and 564(34.4%) in NH groups). There were 825(50.3%) males and 815(49.7%) females. Zidovudine/Lamivudine and Nevirapine/Efavirenz was the most frequently used combined ART in 724 (67.3%) mothers. The mean birthweight was 3.12±0.38Kg; range 1.2 – 5.7Kg (3.11±0.58Kg in HE; 3.13±0.53Kg in HIP; 3.18±0.74Kg in NH) Table 3. A hundred and eighty (11.0%) babies were preterm [76(42.2%) in HE; 26(14.4%) in HIP; 78(43.3%) in NH](p=0.007), while 159(9.7%) were LBW [74(46.5%) in HE; 22(13.8%) in HIP; 63(39.6%) in NH](p=0.03). Fourteen (0.9%) babies had birth defects [5(35.7%) in HE; 9(64.3%) in HIP] (p=0.01). The commonest birth defects were neural tube defect 7(50%) and congenital heart defect 4(28.8%). Overall transmission rate was 21.4% [8% in the HE, 4.5% in HIP and 87.5% in NH groups] (p=0.001). The mean birth weights of uninfected babies were higher than their infected counterparts but was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The benefits of early HAART in reducing mother-to-child transmission must be weighed against the risks of lower birthweight and potential teratogenic effects of drug exposure on the foetus.

Neonatal Hyperviscosity: I. Incidence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-836
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wirth ◽  
Karen E. Goldberg ◽  
Lula O. Lubchenco
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

Capillary hematocrits were performed on 790 infants during the first four hours after birth. These infants were delivered between August 8 and December 7, 1974, at the University of Colorado Medical Center, which is at an altitude of 1,061 m above sea level. When the capillary hematocrit was 7% or greater, venous hematocrit and blood viscosity were determined. Capillary hematocrits obtained from warmed heels in the first hour after birth were spuriously high and not consistently related to venous hematocrit. Venous polycythemia, defined as a hematocrit of 65% or greater, occurred in 4% of the newborn population. Hyperviscosity (2 SD above the mean for newborns) occurred in 5% of the newborn infants. At a venous hematocrit of 65% or greater, hyperviscosity was predictable, but some infants with venous hematocrits between 60% and 64% also had hyperviscosity of the blood. The incidence of polycythemia and hyperviscosity was further related to birth weight and gestational age. The infants who were small for gestational age were at highest risk of polycythemia and hyperviscosity, followed by infants who were large for gestational age. However, the greatest number of infants with hvperviscosity were term appropriate for gestational age. Preterm infants with gestational ages of less than 34 weeks were not affected.

scholarly journals Low birth weight in Lebanon: a morphological parameter and a health status indicator

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Abdou R. Jurjus
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Status Indicator ◽  
Health Status Indicator ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Length Of Gestation

Thistudy is an attempt to determine the incidence of low birth weight [LBW] in Lebanon. Biometric, biomedical and sociobehavioural parameters were investigated. The incidence of LBW showed an upward trend from 1986 to 1990; a peak was observed in 1990 at the height of the war, but rates fell in 1991. Infants born with weights of 2500 to 2999 grams represented about a quarter of live births, although the mean birth weight was higher. The length of gestation was associated with birth weight. More information is needed regarding birth weights at the country level. This would require elimination of the problem of nonhospital births and improvement of the registration system for vital events and of prenatal records

Effect of Surgical Versus Pharmacological Decompression of Ludwig’s Angina on Airway Compromise among Nigerian Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaniyere EB
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Ludwig’S Angina ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Ludwig's Angina ◽  
Gender Type

Background: Even though the decompression of the cellulitis phase of Ludwig’s angina (LA) by surgical or pharmacological approach is well documented, it is unclear which approach is more effective. Objective: We aim to compare the outcome of treatment between surgical versus pharmacological decompression in patients with LA. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed. Data were collected from the case notes of patients that met the inclusion criteria from 2004 to 2018 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.The data were age, gender, type of decompression approach, length of hospital stay (LOS) and airway compromise. Result: A total of 62 patients comprising 37(59.7%) surgical decompression group and 25(40.3%) pharmacological decompression group were studied. Thirty-six (58.1%) males and 26 (41.9%) females were studied. Their mean age and standard deviation were 40.6 years and 11.9 years respectively. The mean length of hospital stays between the pharmacological and surgical decompression groups were 8.05 days and 13.8 days respectively. The incidence of airway compromise in the surgical decompression group was 19.9% lower than that of the pharmacological decompression group (P=0.47), which was not significant. The type of decompression approach also failed to influence the incidence of airway compromise (P = 0.41). Conclusion: The use of surgical versus pharmacological decompression does not significantly alter the incidence of airway compromise in the management of LA. The Patients that had surgical decompression had a shorter stay in the hospital as compared to those who had pharmacological decompression. This was not statistically significant.

The relation between second-trimester placental elasticity and poor obstetric outcomes in low-risk pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Akbas ◽  
Faik Mumtaz Koyuncu ◽  
Burcu Artunç-Ülkümen ◽  
Gökce Akbas
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Random Measurements

AbstractObjectivesIncreased placental stiffness is associated with various pathological conditions. Our objective was to evaluate the relation between the second-trimester placental elasticity value in low-risk pregnant women and poor obstetric outcomes.MethodsA total of 143 pregnant women were enrolled. Placental elasticity values were measured using the transabdominal point shear wave elastography method. 10 random measurements were obtained from different areas of the placenta. The mean was accepted as the mean placental elasticity value. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent variables associated with obstetric outcomes.ResultsSecond-trimester placental elasticity value was significantly and positively associated with the poor obstetric outcomes (p=0.038). We could predict a poor outcome with 69.2% sensitivity and 60.7% specificity if we defined the placental elasticity cut-off as 3.19 kPa. Furthermore, in the multiple regression model, the placental elasticity value added significantly to the prediction of birth weight (p=0.043).ConclusionsOur results showed that the pregnancies with a stiffer placenta in the second trimester were associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting poor obstetric outcomes. Also, placental elasticity was independently associated with birth weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document