A Pilot Study to Explore the Effect of Symptom Monitoring in Children and Adolescents with Posttraumatic Stress Reactions following Road Traffic Accidents

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hardy ◽  
Paul Stallard
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Symptom Monitoring ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Posttraumatic Symptoms

AbstractEach year a large number of children and adolescents develop significant posttraumatic symptoms after being involved in road traffic accidents (RTA). Consequently there is a need to develop effective interventions to prevent or minimize such reactions. The use of symptom monitoring with adults has found promising results. This pilot study explores the use of symptom monitoring with children and young people involved in RTAs. Twelve young people who met criteria on screening questionnaires for significant posttraumatic symptoms completed symptom monitoring diaries. Following completion of a diary once a day for 3 weeks, 3/12 children (25%) fell below criteria, suggesting significant posttraumatic symptoms. Feedback about self-monitoring was generally positive and suggests that symptom monitoring may be a helpful yet simple intervention for use with child trauma victims.

scholarly journals Statistical modeling of number of human deaths per road traffic accident in Oromia region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merga Abdissa Aga ◽  
Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel ◽  
Mekonnen Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Regional State

Abstract Background: Globally, road traffic accidents are leading causes of death among young people in general, and the main cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years. Recently, in Ethiopia, the average number of road traffic accidents has been increasing, particularly the Oromia regional state is experiencing a higher road traffic fatalities. This study was conducted to identify the major factors associated with the number of human deaths by road traffic accident in the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: We used data obtained from the Oromia Police Commission Bureau that have been recorded on daily basis road traffic accidents from July, 2016 - July, 2017. Count regression models were was used to assess the factors associated with the number of human deaths from road traffic accidents.Results: Of the total of 3900 road traffic accidents included in the 1188 (30.5%) were giving rise to fatal. The Hurdle models were of better fit than zero inflated Poisson and zero inflated negative binomial model. Thus, the Hurdle Poisson is recommended in this study. Age of the driver 31-50 years (AOR = 0.289, 95%CI: 0.175, 0.479) and higher than 50 years of age (AOR = 0.311, 95%CI: 0.129, 0.751), driver’s years of experience 5-10 years (AOR = 0.014, 95%CI:0.007, 0.027), and more than 10 years (AOR = 0.101, 95%CI:0.057, 0.176), vehicle type automobile (AOR = 8.642, 95%CI:2.7644, 27.023), vehicle years of service 5-10 years (AOR = 2.484, 95%CI:1.194, 5.169), and more than 10 years (AOR = 2.639,95%CI:1.268, 5.497), type of accident, vehicle upside down (AOR = 5.560,95%CI: 2.506, 12.336), causes of accident, turning illegal position (AOR = 0.454, 95%CI:0.226, 0.913), area of accident, residential place (AOR = 108.506, 95%CI: 13.725, 857.798), working areas (AOR = 129.606, 95%CI: 16.448, 1021.263), near hospitals (AOR =23.789, 95%CI: 3.038, 186.298), geographical locations, Western zones (AOR = 0.275, 95%CI: 0.167, 0.455), and South east zones (AOR = 0.624, 95%CI: 0.410, 0.950) were significant associated number of human deaths per road traffic accident factors in the study area.Conclusion: In this study,30.5% of accidents were giving rise to at least one human death per road traffic accident and different associated numbers of human deaths per road traffic accident factors have been identified. Thus, interventions by the bodies concerned with introduction educational programs that will create awareness about road traffic accidents and the associated human deaths, especially targeting road users, young drivers, passengers and pedestrians.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Children and Adolescents following Road Traffic Accidents: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 798-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Dai ◽  
Aizhong Liu ◽  
Atipatsa C. Kaminga ◽  
Jing Deng ◽  
Zhiwei Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Meta Regression

Objective: Children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable road users, and road traffic accidents (RTAs) can lead to not only physical injuries but also adverse psychological outcomes, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, estimates of the prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents following RTAs varied considerably across studies. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PTSD among this population. Methods: A systematic search for literature was performed in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran’s chi-square test and quantified by the I2 value. Meta-regression analyses were carried out to identify the effects of some potential moderators on the overall heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PTSD according to some sample characteristics. Results: Eleven eligible studies with a total of 1532 children and adolescents who were involved in RTAs were included. The overall heterogeneity ( I2 = 89.7, P < 0.001) was high across the eligible studies, and the pooled prevalence of PTSD was 19.95% (95% confidence interval, 13.63% to 27.09%) by a random-effects model. No significant moderators of the overall heterogeneity were identified using meta-regression analyses. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSD differed significantly according to the study location and gender ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: One-fifth of children and adolescents developed PTSD in the aftermath of RTAs, indicating the need for regular assessment of PTSD and timely and effective psychological interventions among this population. Furthermore, more population-based studies with a large sample size are warranted. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (No. CRD42018087941).

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress reactions in young victims of road traffic accidents

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (sup4) ◽  
pp. 1351163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Charitaki ◽  
Panagiota Pervanidou ◽  
John Tsiantis ◽  
George Chrousos ◽  
Gerasimos Kolaitis
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Statistical modeling of number of human deaths per road traffic accident in Oromia region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merga Abdissa Aga ◽  
Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel ◽  
Mekonnen Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract Abstract Background : Globally, road traffic accidents are leading causes of death among young people in general, and the main cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years. This study was conducted to identify the major factors associated with the number of human deaths by road traffic accident in the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: We used data obtained from the Oromia Police Commission Bureau that have been recorded on daily basis road traffic accidents from July, 2016 - July, 2017. Count regression models were was used to assess the factors associated with the number of human deaths from traffic accidents. Results : Of the total of 3900 road traffic accidents included in the 1188 (30.5%) were giving rise to fatal. The Hurde models were of better fit than zero inflated Poisson and zero inflated negative binomial model. Thus, the Hurdle Poisson is recommended in this study. Age of the driver 31-50 years (AOR = 0.289, 95%CI: 0.175, 0.479) and higher than 50 years of age (AOR = 0.311, 95%CI: 0.129, 0.751), driver’s years of experience 5-10 years (AOR = 0.014, 95%CI: 0.007, 0.027), and more than 10 years (AOR = 0.101, 95%CI: 0.057, 0.176), vehicle type automobile (AOR = 8.642, 95%CI: 2.7644, 27.023), vehicle years of service 5-10 years (AOR = 2.484, 95%CI: 1.194, 5.169), and more than 10 years (AOR = 2.639, 95%CI: 1.268, 5.497), type of accident, vehicle upside down (AOR = 5.560, 95%CI: 2.506, 12.336), causes of accident, turning illegal position (AOR = 0.454, 95%CI: 0.226, 0.913), area of accident, residential place (AOR = 108.506, 95%CI: 13.725, 857.798), working areas (AOR = 129.606, 95%CI: 16.448, 1021.263), near hospitals (AOR = 23.789, 95%CI: 3.038, 186.298), geographical locations, Western zones (AOR = 0.275, 95%CI: 0.167, 0.455), and South east zones (AOR = 0.624, 95%CI: 0.410, 0.950) were significant associated number of human deaths per road traffic accident factors in the study area. Conclusion : In this study, 30.5% of accidents were giving rise to at least one human death per road traffic accident and different associated numbers of human deaths per traffic accident factors have been identified.

scholarly journals Presentation and outcome of femoral infected non-unions in children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Bakhsh ◽  
Faridullah Khan Zimri ◽  
Eid Mohammad ◽  
Atiq -Ur-Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Saaiq
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Transport ◽  
Ilizarov Method ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Segmental Bone Transport ◽  
Segmental Bone

Objectives: To document the presentation of infected non-unions of femur in pediatric and adolescent population and evaluate the outcome of segmental bone transport with the Ilizarov method. Methods: This prospective case series study was carried out over a period of five years, from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The study included all children and adolescent patients who presented with femoral infected non unions. The study excluded patients above the age of 16 years and those who had pathological fractures secondary to bone pathologies such as cysts, tumors or metabolic bone diseases. Results: Out of 31 patients, 27(87.09%) were males and 4(12.90%) were females. The mean age was 13.48±1.98 years. The underlying mechanisms that lead to the causation of fractures included road traffic accidents (n=23;74.19%), fall from height (n=7;22.58%) and firearm injuries (n=1;3.22%). The bone gaps ranged from 3-5 cm with a mean of 4.00± 0.856 cm. Bone union was achieved among 28(90.32%) patients. Infection was eradicated among 27(87.09%) patients whereas the remaining patients continued to suffer persistent infection. The most common complications included pin tract inflammation/ infection among (n=31;100%) patients and stiffness of knee joint among (n=19;61.29%) patients. Conclusion: Majority of the patients were males, aged 9-16 years. Road traffic accidents were the commonest cause of the fractures. The Ilizarov method of segmental bone transport was effective in treating the majority of infected non-unions. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3354 How to cite this:Bakhsh K, Zimri FK, Mohammad E, Atiq-Ur-Rehman, Saaiq M. Presentation and outcome of femoral infected non-unions in children and adolescents. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):201-205. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3354 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Visual Function Parameters and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents among Drivers in Trinidad and Tobago

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Kingsley K. Ekemiri ◽  
Prashan Seepersad ◽  
Ngozika E. Ezinne ◽  
Krista Seetaram ◽  
Niall Farnon
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Eye Examination

Background: Vision attributes to about 95% of the sensory requirements for driving. When driving, impaired visual functions will undoubtedly result in a delayed response to obstructions. The regulations governing the issuing and renewal of a driver&rsquo;s license in Trinidad make no provision of a visual requirement assessment. The study was prompted by an upsurge in road traffic accidents in Trinidad and Tobago, a twin-island nation. Aim: This pilot study investigates the relationship between defects in visual functions and traffic accidents among drivers on the island of Trinidad. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilizes a non-probability purposive sampling approach to enroll licensed drivers who had been driving within the island&rsquo;s districts for the past five years, the study conducted at a Multi-Health-Training Facility in Trinidad&rsquo;s Central Area. After completing a semi-structured questionnaire, participants were given a full eye examination. Results: 128 licensed drivers, both male and female, were enrolled for this study with ages ranging from 20 to 70 years with a mean age of 40.9 years &plusmn; 13.3 years, in which majority (83.6%, n = 107) of the drivers did not perform an eye exam before obtaining/renewing their driver&rsquo;s license. About 32% (n = 41) of these drivers were involved in an RTA in the last five years. There was a statistically significant association between colour vision defect (c&sup2; = 15.94, p = 0.00), contrast sensitivity with a logCS score of less than 1.52 (c&sup2; = 25.05, p = 0.00, Cramer&rsquo;s V= 0.442) and the occurrence of road traffic accident. Conclusion: According to this study, one-quarter of drivers have been involved in a road traffic accident within the last five years, and three-quarters have never had an eye examination before obtaining or renewing their driver&rsquo;s license. The relevance of designing and developing a screening protocol that can be easily applied to driving safety licensing policies were established in this study. Based on these findings, prospective driver&rsquo;s license applicants must undergo a complete eye examination, to drastically reduce RTAs.

scholarly journals Statistical modeling of numbers of human deaths per road traffic accident in the Oromia region, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251492
Author(s):  
Merga Abdissa Aga ◽  
Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel ◽  
Mekonnen Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Traffic Police

Background Globally, road traffic accidents are the leading causes of death among young people in general, and the main cause of death among young people aged 15–29 years. Recently, in Ethiopia, the number of road traffic accidents has been increasing. The study aimed to identify the potential factors associated with the number of human deaths by road traffic accidents in the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods We used data obtained from the Oromia region traffic police office recorded on daily basis road traffic accidents from July 2016 up to July 2017. Count regression models were was used to analyses the factors associated with the number of human deaths from road traffic accidents. Results Age of the driver’s 31–50 years (AOR = 0.289, 95%CI: 0.175, 0.479) and higher than 50 years old (AOR = 0.311, 95%CI: 0.129, 0.751), driver’s years of experience 5–10 years (AOR = 0.014, 95%CI: 0.007, 0.027), and more than 10 years (AOR = 0.101, 95%CI: 0.057, 0.176), automobile vehicle type (AOR = 8.642, 95%CI: 2.7644, 27.023), vehicle years of service 5–10 years (AOR = 2.484, 95%CI: 1.194, 5.169), and more than 10 years (AOR = 2.639, 95%CI: 1.268, 5.497), vehicle upside down accidents (AOR = 5.560, 95%CI: 2.506, 12.336), turning illegal position (AOR = 0.454, 95%CI: 0.226, 0.913), residential areas (AOR = 108.506, 95%CI: 13.725, 857.798), and working areas (AOR = 129.606, 95%CI: 16.448, 1021.263) were significant associated number of human deaths per road traffic accident factors in the study area. Conclusion Human deaths per road traffic accidents occurred due to the younger age of the driver, driver’s lack of sufficient experience, vehicle serviced for long years, driving on a wet road, driving in the afternoon, driving near/around residential places and vehicle to driver’s relation. Thus, the regional traffic police should give special attention to younger drivers, less experienced drivers, old vehicles, driving near residential areas, driving automobiles, and driving in the afternoon to control traffic system to reduce the number of human deaths pear road traffic accident.

scholarly journals Pilot study investigating the association between road traffic accidents and Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in cats

2018 ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
George Smith ◽  
Kate English ◽  
Joanne Webster ◽  
Principia Formisano ◽  
Larry Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents

Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents following road traffic accidents

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. H. Mirza ◽  
B. R. Bhadrinath ◽  
Ian M. Goodyer ◽  
Carol Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a persistent and disabling psychiatric disorder. There is little systematic research into the psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents (RTAs) in children and adolescents.MethodA consecutive sample of 8–16-year-olds attending an accident and emergency department following RTAs were screened for PTSD. Potential cases and their parent(s) were interviewed with semi-structured research instruments about six weeks and six months after the accident.ResultsFifty-three (45%) of the 119 subjects fell above PTSD cut-off on the Frederick's Reaction Index. Thirty-three (75%) of the 44 cases met DSM–IV criteria for PTSD. In half of these other psychiatric disorders were present, including major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Being female, involvement in car accidents and pre-existing depression and anxiety were associated with developing PTSD. Seventeen per cent of the sample continued to be symptomatic six months after the accident.ConclusionsPTSD is a common consequence of RTAs. Liaison with accident and emergency departments would enhance the early detection and follow-up of children at risk of developing PTSD.

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