Executive function in children with Tourette Syndrome and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Harris ◽  
Linda J. Schuerholz ◽  
Harvey S. Singer ◽  
Mark J. Reader ◽  
Janice E. Brown ◽  
...  

AbstractTourette Syndrome (TS) in children is associated with various neurobehavioral disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with TS and ADHD show some difficulties with neuropsychological tasks, but we do not know if children with TS alone have neuropsychological deficits. To assess specific cognitive differences among children with TS and/or ADHD, we administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 10 tasks related to executive function (EF), to 10 children with TS-only, 48 with ADHD-only, and 32 with TS+ADHD. Children in all groups could not efficiently produce output on a timed continuous performance task [Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) mean reaction time and reaction time variability]. Children with TS-only appeared to have fewer EF impairments and significantly higher perceptual organization scores than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. These findings suggest that deficiencies in choice reaction time and consistency of timed responses are common to all three groups, but children with TS-only have relatively less EF impairment than children with TS+ADHD or ADHD-only. (JINS, 1995, 1, 511–516.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitzan Shahar ◽  
Andrei R. Teodorescu ◽  
Anat Karmon-Presser ◽  
Gideon E. Anholt ◽  
Nachshon Meiran

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Vainieri ◽  
Joanna Martin ◽  
Anna-Sophie Rommel ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
...  

Abstract Background A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE). Methods The discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases and 34 194 control participants. The combined target sample included 845 people with ADHD (age: 8–40 years). RTV and CE were available from reaction time and response inhibition tasks. ADHD PRS were calculated from the GWAS using a leave-one-study-out approach. Regression analyses were run to investigate whether ADHD PRS were associated with CE and RTV. Results across sites were combined via random effect meta-analyses. Results When combining the studies in meta-analyses, results were significant for RTV (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.088, p = 0.02) but not for CE (R2 = 0.011, β = 0.013, p = 0.732). No significant association was found between ADHD PRS and RTV or CE in any sample individually (p > 0.10). Conclusions We detected a significant association between PRS for ADHD and RTV (but not CE) in individuals with ADHD, suggesting that common genetic risk variants for ADHD influence attention regulation.


Cortex ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaïra J.C. Openneer ◽  
Natalie J. Forde ◽  
Sophie E.A. Akkermans ◽  
Jilly Naaijen ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
...  

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