scholarly journals Validation of a digitally displayed photographic food portion-size estimation aid among women in urban and rural Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 3140-3150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie L Flax ◽  
Chrissie Thakwalakwa ◽  
Courtney H Schnefke ◽  
Heather Stobaugh ◽  
John C Phuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Portion Size Estimation

AbstractObjective:To validate digitally displayed photographic portion-size estimation aids (PSEA) against a weighed meal record and compare findings with an atlas of printed photographic PSEA and actual prepared-food PSEA in a low-income country.Design:Participants served themselves water and five prepared foods, which were weighed separately before the meal and again after the meal to measure any leftovers. Participants returned the following day and completed a meal recall. They estimated the quantities of foods consumed three times using the different PSEA in a randomized order.Setting:Two urban and two rural communities in southern Malawi.Participants:Women (n 300) aged 18–45 years, equally divided by urban/rural residence and years of education (≤4 years and ≥5 years).Results:Responses for digital and printed PSEA were highly correlated (>91 % agreement for all foods, Cohen’s κw = 0·78–0·93). Overall, at the individual level, digital and actual-food PSEA had a similar level of agreement with the weighed meal record. At the group level, the proportion of participants who estimated within 20 % of the weighed grams of food consumed ranged by type of food from 30 to 45 % for digital PSEA and 40–56 % for actual-food PSEA. Digital PSEA consistently underestimated grams and nutrients across foods, whereas actual-food PSEA provided a mix of under- and overestimates that balanced each other to produce accurate mean energy and nutrient intake estimates. Results did not differ by urban and rural location or participant education level.Conclusions:Digital PSEA require further testing in low-income settings to improve accuracy of estimations.

scholarly journals Validation of a Digitally Displayed Photographic Food Portion Size Estimation Aid Among Women in Urban and Rural Malawi (P13-012-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Flax ◽  
Chrissie Thakwalakwa ◽  
Courtney Schnefke ◽  
Heather Stobaugh ◽  
John Phuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Prepared Food ◽  
Portion Size Estimation

Abstract Objectives Easy-to-use tools to facilitate portion size estimation in low-income countries are needed. The objective of this study was to validate digitally displayed photographic portion size estimation aids (PSEAs) against a weighed meal record and compare findings with an atlas of printed photographic PSEAs and actual prepared food PSEAs in a low-income country. Methods In Blantyre and Chikwawa Districts, Malawi, we enrolled 300 women 18–45 years of age equally divided by urban/rural residence and years of education (≤4 years and >4 years). Participants served themselves water and five prepared foods, which were weighed separately before the meal and again after the meal to measure any leftovers. Participants returned the following day and completed a meal recall. They estimated the quantities of foods consumed three times using the different PSEAs in a randomized order. Results Responses for digital and printed PSEAs were highly correlated (>91% agreement for all foods, Cohen's κ = 0.78–0.93). Overall, digital and actual-food PSEAs had a similar level of agreement with the weighed meal record at the group level. The proportion of participants who estimated within 20% of the weighed grams of food consumed ranged by type of food from 30–45% for digital PSEAs and 40–56% for actual food PSEAs. Digital PSEAs consistently underestimated grams and nutrients across foods, whereas actual-food PSEAs provided a mix of under- and overestimates that balanced each other to produce accurate mean energy and nutrient intake estimates. Results did not differ by urban and rural location or participant education level. Conclusions Digital PSEAs require further testing in low-income settings to improve accuracy of estimations because they offer several logistical advantages over other PSEAs. Funding Sources RTI International.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Disparities in the Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting among Children under Five in Tanzania: Based on Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 1991–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5184
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Si Zhu ◽  
Bruno F. Sunguya ◽  
Jiayan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Individual

Our study aims to examine the disparity of under-5 child stunting prevalence between urban and rural areas of Tanzania in the past three decades, and to explore factors affecting the rural–urban disparity. Secondary analyses of Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) data drawn from 1991–1992, 1996, 1999, 2004–2005, 2009–2010, and 2015–2016 surveys were conducted. Under-5 child stunting prevalence was calculated separately for rural and urban children and its decline trends were examined by chi-square tests. Descriptive analyses were used to present the individual-level, household-level, and societal-level characteristics of children, while multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine determinants of stunting in rural and urban areas, respectively. Additive interaction effects were estimated between residence and other covariates. The results showed that total stunting prevalence was declining in Tanzania, but urban–rural disparity has widened since the decline was slower in the rural area. No interaction effect existed between residence and other determinants, and the urban–rural disparity was mainly caused by the discrepancy of the individual-level and household-level factors between rural and urban households. As various types of determinants exist, multisector nutritional intervention strategies are required to address the child stunting problem. Meanwhile, the intervention should focus on targeting vulnerable children, rather than implementing different policies in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Mediatization, Spatial Coherence and Social Sustainability: The Role of Digital Media Networks in a Swedish Countryside Community

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Communicative Patterns ◽  
The Individual

What does the implementation of new communication networks mean for the spatial coherence and social sustainability of rural communities? This paper takes its key from Wittel’s discussion of network sociality, understood as the opposite of Gemeinschaft. Wittel’s argument may inform our understanding of how communicative patterns in rural communities are partly reembedded through ongoing media transitions. But it must also be problematized. Relating Wittel’s discussion to Halfacree’s model of spatial coherence and Urry’s notion of network capital, as well as to findings from an ethnographic study in a Swedish countryside community, a more complex view is presented. It is argued that global communication networks under rural conditions contribute to the integration and sustainability of the community, as much as to processes of expansion and differentiation. The results show that network sociality and community constitute interdependent concepts. Through their capacity of linking people to external realms of interest, while simultaneously reinforcing their sense of belonging in the local community, online media promote ontological security at the individual level, thus operating as a social stabilizer.

scholarly journals A comparison of food portion size estimation by older adults, young adults and nutritionists

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Marie Timon ◽  
S. E. Cooper ◽  
M. E. Barker ◽  
A. J. Astell ◽  
T. Adlam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Portion Size Estimation ◽  
Food Portion Size

Can an automated sleep detection algorithm for waist-worn accelerometry replace sleep logs?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032
Author(s):  
Tiago V. Barreira ◽  
Jessica G. Redmond ◽  
Tom D. Brutsaert ◽  
John M. Schuna ◽  
Emily F. Mire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study was to test whether estimates of bedtime, wake time, and sleep period time (SPT) were comparable between an automated algorithm (ALG) applied to waist-worn accelerometry data and a sleep log (LOG) in an adult sample. A total of 104 participants were asked to log evening bedtime and morning wake time and wear an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer at their waist for 24 h/day for 7 consecutive days. Mean difference and mean absolute difference (MAD) were computed. Pearson correlations and dependent-sample t tests were used to compare LOG-based and ALG-based sleep variables. Effect sizes were calculated for variables with significant mean differences. A total of 84 participants provided 2+ days of valid accelerometer and LOG data for a total of 368 days. There was no mean difference (p = 0.47) between LOG 472 ± 59 min and ALG SPT 475 ± 66 min (MAD = 31 ± 23 min, r = 0.81). There was no significant mean difference between bedtime (2348 h and 2353 h for LOG and ALG, respectively; p = 0.14, MAD = 25 ± 21 min, r = 0.92). However, there was a significant mean difference between LOG (0741 h) and ALG (0749 h) wake times (p = 0.01, d = 0.11, MAD = 24 ± 21 min, r = 0.92). The LOG and ALG data were highly correlated and relatively small differences were present. The significant mean difference in wake time might not be practically meaningful (Cohen’s d = 0.11), making the ALG useful for sample estimates. MAD, which gives a better estimate of the expected differences at the individual level, also demonstrated good evidence supporting ALG individual estimates.

Employment and the Working Poor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Gautié ◽  
Sophie Ponthieux
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
The Individual

This article examines the phenomenon of working poverty and issues relating to employment and the working poor. It first provides an overview of the problems of definition and measurement regarding the working poor, along with the consequences of the diversity of definitions. In particular, it considers different current definitions of the statistical category “working poor” and how definitions affect the assessment of the in-work poverty phenomenon. It also provides a “statistical” portrait of the working poor and explores how the risk of working poverty has evolved in the 2000s. Finally, it discusses the causes of working poverty, including low income at the individual level and the role of welfare states, and outlines potential remedies in terms of public policies.

Equivalence-Based Instruction with Nonfood Items to Increase Portion-Size Estimation Accuracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Regan ◽  
Jason C. Vladescu ◽  
Kenneth F. Reeve ◽  
Ruth M. DeBar
Keyword(s):  
Portion Size ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Portion Size Estimation

scholarly journals Integrating nutrition into the mathematics curriculum in Australian primary schools: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit M. Follong ◽  
Elena Prieto-Rodriguez ◽  
Andrew Miller ◽  
Clare E. Collins ◽  
Tamara Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Portion Size Estimation

Abstract Background Nutrition education programs in schools have been effective in improving children’s knowledge and behaviours related to food and nutrition. However, teachers find it challenging to implement such programs due to overcrowded curricula. Integrating nutrition with core subjects such as mathematics could potentially address time constraints and improve the learning of both. The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the impact of a cross-curricular nutrition and mathematics program on primary school students’ portion size estimation skills. Secondary aims include impact on their nutrition knowledge, attitudes towards mathematics and evaluating the quality of the lessons. Methods Twelve Year 3–4 classes from Catholic schools in New South Wales, Australia will be randomised to intervention (n = 6) or control (n = 6) groups. Teachers in the intervention group will receive a professional development workshop and resources to teach 4–5 lessons on portion size and measurements across 1–4 weeks. Outcome measures include portion size estimation skills, nutrition knowledge and attitudes towards mathematics, with data collected during three school visits (pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, 4 weeks post-intervention). Additionally, teaching quality will be assessed in both intervention and control groups and process evaluation undertaken using teacher interviews and student focus groups. Discussion This RCT uses an innovative approach to improve both nutrition and mathematics related learning outcomes among primary school children. It has the potential to impact teaching practices regarding integration of nutrition into curricula and enhance the implementation of nutrition education interventions. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12619001071112 31/07/2019.

Evaluation of portion size estimation aids used for meat in dietary surveys

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandria Godwin ◽  
Bruce McGuire ◽  
Edgar Chambers ◽  
Margaret McDowell ◽  
Linda Cleveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Portion Size Estimation
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