She Who Shall Not Be Named: The Women That Women's Organizations Do (and Do Not) Represent in the Rulemaking Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 572-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley English
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Women’S Organizations

AbstractThough the concept of intersectionality has been in circulation for nearly 30 years and women's organizations have long been criticized for failing to prioritize the concerns of women of color, poor women, and LGBTQ women, more research is needed to determine precisely why women's organizations do and do not discuss those intersectional identities during policy debates. This study analyzes 1,021 comments that women's organizations submitted to rulemakers to test a series of hypotheses about how women's organizations’ references to women's intersectional identities increase or decrease depending on the organization's primary constituency and ideology, the proposed rule's target population, and other features of the policy-making context. Using automated text analysis and a series of models, it shows that women's organizations do discuss intersectionally marginalized women in their comments. However, not all subgroups of women are equally represented during the process. Women's organizations focus on women's sexual orientations and gender identities more than their races, ethnicities, nationalities, or socioeconomic statuses. Intersectionally marginalized women also tend to receive the most attention when commenters are from organizations that are explicitly focused on representing intersectionally marginalized women and when bureaucrats include references to intersectionally marginalized women in their proposed rules.

“We Thought You Would Be White”: Race and Gender in Fieldwork

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances B. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Women's Organizations ◽  
White Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Dissertation Research ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time ◽  
Women’S Organizations ◽  
English I

After an exhausting 22-hour trip from St. Louis, I landed in Maputo, Mozambique, alone, for the first time in July 2003 to begin my dissertation research on women and women's organizations in Mozambique since democratization. I spent an hour talking to a young man who was returning home (to Maputo) from Brazil. Seeing it as an opportunity to practice my Portuguese with someone who spoke English, I did not realize that an hour had passed and my “welcoming party” still had not arrived. The young man and I switched from Portuguese to English as he began telling me the “cool places to hang out and get a drink” in Maputo. I had no idea who was coming to pick me up as I was armed only with the information that it was my in-country advisor's brother who would be there. As this young man and I were talking someone came up to me and asked, “Are you Frances?” With a sigh of relief, I said yes, and he replied, “I was here all of the time and I did not realize that you were here until I heard you speaking English with this young man. I did not recognize you; we thought you would be white.”

US Women’s Groups in National Policy Debates, 1880–2000

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Goss
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Women's Groups ◽  
Group Rights ◽  
Congressional Hearings ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Women’S Groups ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Women’S Organizations

This chapter considers appearances by women’s organizations at US congressional hearings from 1920 to 2000. By three measures—the number of times women’s groups testified, the number of women’s organizations that appeared, and the breadth of issues to which the groups spoke—these groups’ policy engagement expanded in the four decades after suffrage. Women’s engagement then declined after the second-wave women’s movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The chapter evaluates promising yet ultimately unsatisfying explanations for this inverted-U pattern and then lays out an account centered on public policy’s role. Specifically, federal gender policies provided resources that helped structure and direct the representation of women’s interests. For the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, interests surrounded women’s group rights and civic responsibility; for the last third of the century, the focus was on group rights almost exclusively. This evolution influenced women’s collective voice in American democracy and the range of issues on which women were heard.

scholarly journals Mission (Im)possible? Determining Organizational Ideology by Examining Mission Statements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Meinhard ◽  
Stephanie Schwartz ◽  
Femida Handy
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The Status ◽  
Umbrella Organization ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women’S Organizations

This paper is part of a larger project investigating the relative roles of ideology and gender composition in determining organizational structure and behavior. The project’s genesis arose from a study by Meinhard and Foster (2003) that found that Canadian women’s voluntary organizations (WVOs) differed from gender-neutral and men’s organizations on many different measures. Women’s organizations were less likely to adopt a business orientation or pursue new revenue strategies, but were more likely to collaborate with other organizations and more likely to downsize. They also tended to be more pessimistic in their outlook and engaged in more advocacy and political action. Meinhard and Foster (2003) also found that among women’s organizations, those that were members of the Canadian National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC), an umbrella organization for feminist groups, were more extreme in their differences. In other words, although both NAC and non-NAC organizations differed significantly from gender-neutral organizations, NAC organizations differed the most. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation:

I Am Not Alone: Expanding the Epistemological Framework for Supporting Marginalized Women’s Transformative Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-208
Author(s):  
Sandra D. Bridwell
Keyword(s):  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
And Gender

Marginalized adults have limited access to learning experiences that prioritize reflection and discourse, both considered preconditions in the Mezirow-informed field of transformative learning (TL). Using narrative analysis of a staff focus group and participant interviews over a 1-year learning journey, this study shows how a literacy program in a women’s homeless shelter created conditions that supported TL for two marginalized women of color. Results show how program learning goals were attuned to issues of positionality for women marginalized by race, class, and gender and were consistent with Africentric womanist epistemological and axiological assumptions. Conditions that fostered connectedness among women in troubling contexts and contributed to qualitative change in ways of knowing included purposeful spaces dedicated to reflection, dialogue, and student-centered pedagogy. The findings have important implications for the theoretical grounding of policy and practice in support of marginalized women’s TL.

scholarly journals Black Women’s Activism in Brazil: Black Genocide, Anti-Blackness and Racial Apartheid

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
Kenneth Williamson,
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Black Movement ◽  
Black Women's Activism ◽  
Women’S Organizations

This article focuses on changes in Black women’s activism, particularly in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from 1995-2015, by comparing two national marches. Black organizations throughout the country came together to organize a national march in national’s capital Brasilia in November 1995.  Twenty years later in November 2015, Black women organized a national march to address the intersection of racism and sexism. During those twenty years, Black activists worked tirelessly against Black genocide, anti-Blackness and racial apartheid in Brazil, and Black women stood on the frontlines of these struggles. The intersectionality of race, class, and gender were and remain critical to the activism of Black women and to the production of research and knowledge. The paper examines the changes activism in the Black movement over twenty years that marked the growth on Black women’s organizations and networks.

Lobbying Beyond the Legislature: Challenges and Biases in Women's Organizations’ Participation in Rulemaking

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Ashley English
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Women's Organizations ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Women's Groups ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Women’S Groups ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Economic Interest Groups ◽  
Women’S Organizations

Abstract This study, which is based on a survey of women's organizations’ staff members, answers two previously unexamined questions about women's groups’ participation in the rulemaking process: (1) How do women's organizations participate? (2) What are the characteristics of the women's organizations that are the most likely to participate? About one-quarter (27%) of women's organizations reported that they lobby rulemakers, often using relatively low-cost methods, such as submitting comments or signing on to comments written by coalitions or like-minded groups. Women's organizations with large staffs that are structured the most like political insiders or influential economic interest groups were the most likely to participate in the process, potentially biasing participation in favor of relatively advantaged subgroups of women. Together, these results suggest that although rulemaking presents unique opportunities to represent women, the most marginalized women may be underrepresented during rulemaking debates.

Gender Effects Across Place: A Multilevel Investigation of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Region in Sentencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie M. Holland ◽  
Ariane Prohaska
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
White Women ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

Previous empirical research has indicated that women receive less punitive sentencing outcomes, compared to their male counterparts, while controlling for legally relevant case characteristics. This advantage persists at the federal level, despite the implementation of sentencing guidelines. However, drawing from the “intersectionalities” literature, it does not appear as though all women are equal beneficiaries of this courtroom leniency. Specifically, women of color are less inclined to receive sentencing benefits in response to the differential stereotyping of this demographic. Furthermore, due to differing sociohistorical contexts and gender ideologies, the influence of gender on sentencing outcomes will likely vary across place. This study contributes to the existing sentencing literature by examining whether, and to what extent, gender leniency is moderated by race/ethnicity and geographic region. Using data from the 2015 Monitoring of Federal Criminal Sentences, this study finds that women receive shorter sentence lengths than men. However, contrary to expectation, women of color receive shorter sentences than White women. Additionally, women who are adjudicated in the southern and border districts receive significantly longer sentences. These findings demonstrate the importance of contextualizing and disaggregating female criminal justice outcomes as well as the need to limit research and discourse that imply a singular shared experience among all women.

Referral Patterns for Youths Identified at Risk for Suicide by Trained Gatekeepers

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Rodi ◽  
Lucas Godoy Garraza ◽  
Christine Walrath ◽  
Robert L. Stephens ◽  
D. Susanne Condron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Referral Patterns ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive

Background: In order to better understand the posttraining suicide prevention behavior of gatekeeper trainees, the present article examines the referral and service receipt patterns among gatekeeper-identified youths. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from 26 Garrett Lee Smith grantees funded between October 2005 and October 2009 who submitted data about the number, characteristics, and service access of identified youths. Results: The demographic characteristics of identified youths are not related to referral type or receipt. Furthermore, referral setting does not seem to be predictive of the type of referral. Demographic as well as other (nonrisk) characteristics of the youths are not key variables in determining identification or service receipt. Limitations: These data are not necessarily representative of all youths identified by gatekeepers represented in the dataset. The prevalence of risk among all members of the communities from which these data are drawn is unknown. Furthermore, these data likely disproportionately represent gatekeepers associated with systems that effectively track gatekeepers and youths. Conclusions: Gatekeepers appear to be identifying youth across settings, and those youths are being referred for services without regard for race and gender or the settings in which they are identified. Furthermore, youths that may be at highest risk may be more likely to receive those services.

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