Rumen microbial degradation of full-fat and defatted palm oil sludge (POS) in a consecutive batch culture system

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Ismartoyo ◽  
B. Nohong
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Micro Organisms

In Indonesia the production of POS increased rapidly as the areas of palm oil plantation increased. The POS contains high protein (15%), fibre (18%), and fat (20%) and thus likely to have the potential to provide high levels of protein and carbohydrate supplements for ruminant. However, the fast development of POS production in Indonesia is not supported by good researches to examine its nutritive value. High fat content in the diet of steers (Mooreet al, 1986) has been found to depress the fibre digestibility; it is thought that high fat content in POS could be the limiting factor for the utilisation of the POS by ruminant. Therefore, an experimentin vitrowas conducted to examine the degradation and fermentation of full-fat and defatted POS by rumen micro-organisms.

In vitrorumen microbial degradation of a selection oilseeds and legume seeds under consecutive batch culture (CBC)

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
Ismartoyo ◽  
C.S. Stewart ◽  
T. Acamovic
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Energy Supplements

Brassica seeds and other oil seeds are high in protein and oil and are potentially good protein and energy supplements for ruminants. However, antinutrients present in these seeds, including glucosinolates, tannins, gossypol and others, limit their use especially in the diets of monogastric animals. Ruminants appear to be less susceptible because of rumen microbial action which may degrade some of the antinutrients. It is well known that high fat intakes by ruminants adversely affect microbial function and in a feeding experiment in which rape seed oil was incorporated in the diet of bulls, a depression in rumen fermentation and a reduction in apparent cell wall digestibility was found (Tesfa, 1993). Similarly, tropical legume seeds such as Lablab seed (Lablab purpureus), Narbon seed (Vicia narbonensis), Mungbean seed (Vigna spp.) and Cowpea seed (Vigna unguiculata) have high crude protein and low fiber contents and are likely to be valuable as concentrate feedstuffs. However, a number of antinutrients known to be present in legume seeds such as lectins, protease inhibitors, cyanogenic glycosides and amino acids such as canavanine and mimosine are considered to inhibit the growth of animals fed these seeds.In vitrodegradability trials of oil seeds and legume seeds have not been carried out and there is inadequate information on the nutritive value of these seeds for ruminants. The studies reported were designed to investigatein vitromicrobial degradation of dry matter of ground seeds and their influence on gas production under CBC.

Total phenols and protein precipitation assays as indicators of the inhibitory effects of phenols on rumen micro-organisms

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
C D Wood ◽  
V E Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Precipitation ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Micro Organisms

Phenolics, such as tannins, have been implicated as inhibitors of digestibility. A wide range of assays for measuring phenols have been proposed (reviewed by Hagerman and Butler, 1989) but there is little experimental evidence to indicate which are most appropriate for assessing nutritive value. The objective of this study was to investigate correlations between phenol assays and the effects of phenolics on in vitro fermentation by rumen micro-organisms to identify which assays most reliably indicated the extent of these effects.Extracts were prepared from 12 Bolivian tree leaf samples using 70% aqueous acetone (500mg dried sample extracted with 5 ml solvent) and analysed for total phenols (TP) by the Prussian Blue method (Price and Butler, 1977), protein precipitation activity (PPA) by a radial diffusion technique (Hagerman, 1987) and condensed tannins (CT) by acid butanol (Porter et al, 1986). The samples used are listed in Table 1.

The mechanism of cellulose digestion in the ruminant organism: IV. Further observations from in vitro studies of the behaviour of rumen bacteria and their bearing on the problem of the nutritive value of cellulose

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Decomposition ◽  
Micro Organisms

Further studies of the behaviour of cellulose-splitting bacteria in artificial media have been made in an attempt to account for the manner in which cellulose is utilized for fat production in the ruminant. The behaviour of thermophilic bacteria, with an optimum temperature of fermentation in the neighbourhood of 65°C, has been compared with that of the micro-organisms capable of fermenting at 37°C. In both cases the cultures were obtained from the rumen contents of sheep.By the addition of toluene at the “head” stage of fermentation, it was possible to demonstrate, both at 37 and 65°C., the production of small amounts of glucose during subsequent incubation. Glucose is clearly a primary breakdown product in the bacterial fermentation of cellulose.An investigation has been made of the nature of the volatile fatty acids produced by bacterial decomposition of shredded filter paper. No consistent differences from this standpoint were noted between the reactions as carried out at 37 and 65°C., but the nature and proportions of the acids varied considerably from culture to culture. In some cases acetic acid was produced almost exclusively, whilst in others the fatty acids consisted of butyric and formic acids, with but traces of acetic acid. The findings in this regard apparently afford no clue to the manner in which cellulose is used for fat production, since propionic acid, the only recognized fat-former among the lower normal fatty acids, was not detected.

scholarly journals Changes in the rumen metabolism of sheep given increasing amounts of linseed oil in their diet

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Czerkawski ◽  
W. W. Christie ◽  
Grace Breckenridge ◽  
Margaret L. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Micro Organisms

1. Linseed oil was incorporated gradually into the diet of four sheep until the animals received 90 g additional fat/d. Attempts were made to measure changes in concentration of substances and rates of synthesis in the rumen directly, and by incubation of rumen contents in vitro (zero-time technique).2. The high-fat diet increased the dilution rate and the volume of rumen contents and decreased the synthesis of diaminopimelic acid in the rumen. The number of protozoa decreased and the number of bacteria increased in the rumen of animals receiving the high-fat diet.3. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen decreased for sheep given the high-fat diet, but the capacity of rumen contents to produce VFA in vitro increased.4. The incorporation of radioactivity from [14C]acetate into lipids during incubation of rumen contents in vitro increased with the amount of linseed oil in the diet. The greatest proportional increase was with the bacterial fraction of rumen contents.5. In the group of four animals used, one animal showed consistent differences in the magnitude of the measured variables. This animal appeared to have a smaller rumen, a lower dilution rate and larger concentrations of some substances in the rumen. A higher proportion of fatty acids appeared to be synthesized by the micro-organisms from this animal.

Effect of nitrogen form on growth of rumen micro-organism in vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 309-311
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
N Source ◽  
Micro Organisms

Rumen microbes utilize mainly ammonia as a nitrogen (N) source for their growth but some species also use a variety of amino acids (AA) or peptides. Several studies have shown both an enhanced fibre digestion and efficiency of rumen micro-organisms when N sources such as AA, peptides and protein were provided in addition to ammonia (Griswold et al.,1996). However, no difference either in digestion or in growth of rumen microbes was found in other in vivo(Fujimaki et al.,1989) and in vitro (Kernick, 1991) studies. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of protein, peptides, AA and ammonia on microbial growth and fermentation of an all fibre basal diet in a semicontinuous culture system (RUSITEC; Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977).

Lack of adaptation of pancreatic colipase in rats and mice.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. E131
Author(s):  
M C Vandermeers-Piret ◽  
A Vandermeers ◽  
W Wijns ◽  
J Rathé ◽  
J Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Moderate Diabetes

A new automated potentiometric method for the determination of colipase was developed, taking advantage of the reactivation of purified lipase, in the presence of bile salt and at pH 6.5. High-fat and high-starch diets induced an opposite regulation of lipase and amylase in the rat pancreas. At the same time, the level of colipase was not influenced by nutrition. During fasting and in alloxan diabetes, the specific activity of lipase almost doubled, that of amylase decreased sharply, and colipase was not affected in the rat pancreas. In obese-hyperglycemic mice, suffering from obesity, hyperinsulinism, and moderate diabetes, there was also no regulation of pancreatic colipase. Thus, at variance with a number of hydrolases, there was no dietary or hormonal adaptation of colipase. However, this was probably without any bearing on intraluminal lipolysis. Indeed, comparison of lipase and colipase activities in pancreas and in small intestine suggests that colipase concentration is not a limiting factor of intraluminal lipolysis. The molecular mechanism of this assumption is discussed on the basis of in vitro studies.

Proteksi Protein Ampas Tahu dengan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terhadap Degradasi Mikroba Rumen

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Nadia Ainunisa ◽  
Mohamad Busaeri Rapsanjani ◽  
Ana Rohana Tarmidi ◽  
Iman Hernaman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Vitro Protein

ABSTRAKProtein ampas tahu memiliki kualitas yang baik, namun mudah didegradasi oleh mikroba rumen, sehingga membutuhkan perlindungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melindungi protein ampas tahu dari degradasi mikroba rumen. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Ampas tahu kering dicampur dengan menggunakan mikser secara merata dengan crude palm oil (CPO) sebanyak 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30 % atau setara dengan 0% (P0), 4% (P1), 8% (P2), 12% (P3) dalam ransum.  Kemudian ampas tahu tersebut digunakan sebagai konsentrat tunggal dalam ransum yang dicampur dengan rumput pada perbandingan 40:60, setelah itu dievaluasi secara in vitro. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proteksi ampas tahu dengan CPO menghasilkan penurunan konsentrasi N-NH3 (P<0,05) dengan nilai yang terendah adalah 2,6 mM pada P3. Sementara itu proteksi CPO juga menurunkan nilai asam lemak terbang pada P3 dan semakin tinggi penggunaan CPO menghasilkan kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik yang rendah (P<0,05). Kesimpulan, penggunaan CPO mampu memproteksi protein ampas tahu, namun dapat menurunkan asam lemak terbang dan kecernaan.Kata kunci: ampas tahu, crude palm oil (CPO), in vitro, protein, ruminansia ABSTRACT   Tofu cake protein has good quality but is easily degraded by rumen microbes, so it needs protection. The research aims to protect the tofu cake protein from rumen microbial degradation. The study was conducted experimentally using a randomized complete design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The data collected was analyzed for variance analysis and followed by Duncan's test. Dried tofu waste is mixed by using mixer evenly with crude palm oil (CPO) as much as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% or equivalent to 0% (P0), 4% (P1), 8% (P2), 12% (P3) in the ration. Then that tofu cake was used as a single concentrate in the ration mixed with grass at a ratio of 40:60, after which it was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that the protection of tofu cake with CPO resulted in a decrease in N-NH3 concentration (P<0.05) with the lowest value being 2.6 mM at P3. Meanwhile, CPO protection also reduced the value of volatile fatty acids at P3 and the higher use of CPO resulted in low dry matter and organic matter digestibility (P<0.05). In conclusion, the use of CPO is able to protect the protein of tofu cake, but it can reduce volatile fatty acids and digestibility.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), in vitro, protein, ruminant, tofu cake

Cytological changes induced by platinum-thymine in sarcoma-180 cells: Electron microscopy study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Gustav Ofosu
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytological Changes

Platinum-thymine has been found to be a potent antitumor agent, which is quite soluble in water, and lack nephrotoxicity as the dose-limiting factor. The drug has been shown to interact with DNA and inhibits DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in mammalian cells in vitro. This investigation was undertaken to elucidate the cytotoxic effects of piatinum-thymine on sarcoma-180 cells in vitro ultrastructurally, Sarcoma-180 tumor bearing mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of platinum-thymine 40mg/kg. A concentration of 60μg/ml dose of platinum-thymine was used in in vitro experiments. Treatments were at varying time intervals of 3, 7 and 21 days for in vivo experiments, and 30, 60 and 120 min., 6, 12, and 24th in vitro. Controls were not treated with platinum-thymine.Electron microscopic analyses of the treated cells in vivo and in vitro showed drastic cytotoxic effect.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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