Non-domesticated animals as pets

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 217-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Intercontinental Transport ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Photoperiod Control

Humans have kept animals for companionship for thousands of years. Developments during the twentieth century in intercontinental transport, especially air travel, in the husbandry of animals, and in the technology for their housing; combined with widespread availability of electricity to power environment control systems (water filtration, oxygenation, heat lamps, humidifiers, photoperiod control etc), have made it possible to obtain and maintain a very much wider range of species of wild animals in captivity than ever before. Associated with this, there has been a huge increase in interest in keeping ornamental fish, amphibians, and reptiles, and the range of species of birds and mammals kept as pets has increased markedly also.

scholarly journals Effect of captivity on morphology: negligible changes in external morphology mask significant changes in internal morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Courtney Jones ◽  
Adam J. Munn ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations

Captive breeding programmes are increasingly relied upon for threatened species management. Changes in morphology can occur in captivity, often with unknown consequences for reintroductions. Few studies have examined the morphological changes that occur in captive animals compared with wild animals. Further, the effect of multiple generations being maintained in captivity, and the potential effects of captivity on sexual dimorphism remain poorly understood. We compared external and internal morphology of captive and wild animals using house mouse ( Mus musculus ) as a model species. In addition, we looked at morphology across two captive generations, and compared morphology between sexes. We found no statistically significant differences in external morphology, but after one generation in captivity there was evidence for a shift in the internal morphology of captive-reared mice; captive-reared mice (two generations bred) had lighter combined kidney and spleen masses compared with wild-caught mice. Sexual dimorphism was maintained in captivity. Our findings demonstrate that captive breeding can alter internal morphology. Given that these morphological changes may impact organismal functioning and viability following release, further investigation is warranted. If the morphological change is shown to be maladaptive, these changes would have significant implications for captive-source populations that are used for reintroduction, including reduced survivorship.

scholarly journals Numerical assessment in the wild: insights from social carnivores

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1740) ◽  
pp. 20160508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Benson-Amram ◽  
Geoff Gilfillan ◽  
Karen McComb
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Individual Discrimination ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Assessment Skills ◽  
In The Wild

Playback experiments have proved to be a useful tool to investigate the extent to which wild animals understand numerical concepts and the factors that play into their decisions to respond to different numbers of vocalizing conspecifics. In particular, playback experiments have broadened our understanding of the cognitive abilities of historically understudied species that are challenging to test in the traditional laboratory, such as members of the Order Carnivora. Additionally, playback experiments allow us to assess the importance of numerical information versus other ecologically important variables when animals are making adaptive decisions in their natural habitats. Here, we begin by reviewing what we know about quantity discrimination in carnivores from studies conducted in captivity. We then review a series of playback experiments conducted with wild social carnivores, including African lions, spotted hyenas and wolves, which demonstrate that these animals can assess the number of conspecifics calling and respond based on numerical advantage. We discuss how the wild studies complement those conducted in captivity and allow us to gain insights into why wild animals may not always respond based solely on differences in quantity. We then consider the key roles that individual discrimination and cross-modal recognition play in the ability of animals to assess the number of conspecifics vocalizing nearby. Finally, we explore new directions for future research in this area, highlighting in particular the need for further work on the cognitive basis of numerical assessment skills and experimental paradigms that can be effective in both captive and wild settings. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.

Surgical Management of Bilateral Epulides in a Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) at Nandankanan Zoological Park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nath ◽  
S.K. Sahu ◽  
S.K. Panda ◽  
N. Sahoo ◽  
A.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Melursus Ursinus ◽  
Zoological Park

Background: Epulides, tumors of periodontal origin, are commonly reported in dogs and infrequently in cats. But its documentation among wild animals is scarce. Retrospective study of the available literature did not find any report of epulis in sloth bears, though dental pathology is common in captive sloth bears. The present study depicts the details about an incidence of bilateral epulides in a captive sloth bear of Nandankanan Zoological Park, Bhubaneswar, India and its successful surgical management.Methods: A male sloth bear aged about 15 years, developed bilateral swellings at the upper jaw, protruding out of the oral cavity, impeding with its normal feeding and drinking. Close physical examination under general anaesthesia revealed that the swellings are bilateral epulides at the upper jaw involving canines of both sides. The epulides were surgically excised, histopathology of the excised mass was conducted and a course of antibiotic treatment was followed.Result: The epulides were found to be of fibromatous and ossifying type. In the present case, there was no recurrence of epulides at the surgical site after their excision and the procedure proved curative. This work is a complementary contribution to the dental pathology study of sloth bears in captivity. 

scholarly journals Estimating the Cultural Value of Wild Animals in the Qinling Mountains, China: A Choice Experiment

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2422
Author(s):  
Yilei Hou ◽  
Tianle Liu ◽  
Zheng Zhao ◽  
Yali Wen
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Ticket Pricing ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In this study, we use the choice experiment method to evaluate the value of wild animals in the surrounding areas of the Changqing National Nature Reserve in China. For areas focused on biodiversity conservation, the results of wild animal value evaluation can provide a basis for the formulation of local ecological compensation standards. We identified wild animals, natural landscape features, infrastructure and facilities, and ticket price as major attributes determining the utility and value of the reserve area. The results of our field survey suggest that the cultural value of wild animals is significantly higher than the value of the infrastructure and other natural landscapes. Tourists indicated a willingness-to-pay of 31.4 Yuan to see wild animals in captivity, compared to 71.9 Yuan to see wild animals in the field. Moreover, tourists with different characteristics have different preferences for the cultural value of wildlife. Female tourists have a higher willingness-to-pay than male tourists. In addition, as age, education, and income level increase, tourists’ willingness-to-pay also increases. These conclusions can provide a reference for local government to formulate wildlife protection compensation and ecotourism ticket pricing.

Captive Tiger Attack: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Schiller ◽  
Daniel C. Cullinane ◽  
Mark D. Sawyer ◽  
Scott P. Zietlow
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Large Predators

Tigers, as well as other large predators, are being held in private settings with increasing frequency. Unregulated private “zoos” are cropping up in many rural and suburban settings across the country. The number of attacks from captive predators also is on the rise. This case highlights the potentially violent and aggressive nature of wild animals held in captivity. Treatment principals and wounding patterns of large cat attacks are emphasized.

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