scholarly journals The Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study: Pathways to Cannabis Use, Abuse, and Dependence Project—Current Status, Preliminary Results, and Future Directions

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Gillespie ◽  
Anjali K. Henders ◽  
Tracy A. Davenport ◽  
Daniel F. Hermens ◽  
Margie J. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

We describe the data being collected from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study in Australia as part of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded project, Pathways to Cannabis Use, Abuse and Dependence. The history, recruitment, assessment, and retention of twin families in this project are described in detail, along with preliminary findings and plans for future research. The goal of this NIDA project is to make a significant contribution to the discovery of quantitative trait loci influencing cannabis use disorders. Although the focus is cannabis use, abuse, and dependence in young adults, measures of comorbid illicit drug use disorders are also being collected. In addition, a variety of internalizing and externalizing disorders are being assessed, funded by support from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Because these same twins have participated in numerous twin studies since 1992, future plans will include linking different phenotypes to investigate relationships between drug use, psychiatric disorders, and psychological phenotypes within cross-sectional and longitudinal or developmental frameworks.

scholarly journals An Australian Twin Study of Cannabis and Other Illicit Drug Use and Misuse, and Other Psychopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Lynskey ◽  
Arpana Agrawal ◽  
Anjali Henders ◽  
Elliot C. Nelson ◽  
Pamela A. F. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Illicit Drug Abuse ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Adult Twins

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug throughout the developed world and there is consistent evidence of heritable influences on multiple stages of cannabis involvement including initiation of use and abuse/dependence. In this paper, we describe the methodology and preliminary results of a large-scale interview study of 3,824 young adult twins (born 1972–1979) and their siblings. Cannabis use was common with 75.2% of males and 64.7% of females reporting some lifetime use of cannabis while 24.5% of males and 11.8% of females reported meeting criteria for DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence. Rates of other drug use disorders and common psychiatric conditions were highly correlated with extent of cannabis involvement and there was consistent evidence of heritable influences across a range of cannabis phenotypes including early (≤15 years) opportunity to use (h2 = 72%), early (≤16 years) onset use (h2 = 80%), using cannabis 11+ times lifetime (h2 = 76%), and DSM abuse/dependence (h2 = 72%). Early age of onset of cannabis use was strongly associated with increased rates of subsequent use of other illicit drugs and with illicit drug abuse/dependence; further analyses indicating that some component of this association may have been mediated by increasing exposure to and opportunity to use other illicit drugs.

scholarly journals Trends of the incidence of drug use disorders from 1990 to 2017: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2017 data

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Pan ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Qingting Bu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Query Tool ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim Drug use disorders are an important issue worldwide. Systematic attempts to estimate the global incidence of drug use disorders are rare. We aimed to determine the incidence of drug use disorders and their trends. Methods We obtained the annual incident cases and age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of drug use disorders from 1990 to 2017 using the Global Health Data Exchange query tool. The estimated annual percentage changes of the ASR were used to quantify and evaluate the trends in the incidence rate. Gaussian process regression and the Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to assess the relationship between the ASR and socio-demographic index (SDI). Results The number of drug use disorders’ cases increased by 33.5% from 1990 to 2017 globally, whereas the ASR exhibited a stable trend. The ASR was higher in men than in women. Most cases (53.1%) of drug use disorders involved opioid. A positive association (ρ=0.35, p < 0.001) was found between ASR and SDI. Teenagers aged 15–19 years had the highest incidence rate. Conclusions The incident cases of drug use disorders were increasing, but the incidence rate did not change significantly from 1990 to 2017. Current preventive measures and policies for drug use disorders might have little effect. The present results suggest that future strategies should focus on men, teenagers and high-risk regions in order to improve the current status of drug use disorders.

scholarly journals Cannabis use, subsequent other illicit drug use and drug use disorders: A 16-year follow-up study among Swedish adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 106390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rynaz Rabiee ◽  
Andreas Lundin ◽  
Emilie Agardh ◽  
Yvonne Forsell ◽  
Peter Allebeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Drug Use Disorders

scholarly journals Protocol for a longitudinal twin birth cohort study to unravel the complex interplay between early-life environmental and genetic risk factors in health and disease: the Chongqing Longitudinal Twin Study (LoTiS)

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e017889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Tong ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Yinyin Xia ◽  
Pamela Leong ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

IntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCD) now represent the major burden of adverse health in most countries. It is clear that much of the risk of such conditions begins very early in life, potentially in utero. Given their complex aetiology, an understanding of the origins of NCD requires an in-depth analysis of the interplay between genetic variation and environment, preferably over time. For decades, twin studies have played a key role in understanding such traits. Their strength lies in the ability to disentangle genetic and environmental factors that contribute to a phenotype. This is done by comparing genetically identical monozygotic (MZ) with dizygotic twins, who share on average 50% of genetic variation, or by comparing MZ twins within a pair. This study aims to determine the relative contributions of genes and environment to early-onset intermediate phenotypes related to later adult onset disease (such as growth and neurodevelopment) and to identify specific biomarkers and time points for emergence of phenotypes from infancy, largely independent of underlying genetic factors.Methods/designThe Chongqing Longitudinal Twin Study (LoTiS) will recruit 300 women pregnant with twins, enriched for MZ pregnancies, with follow-up to 3 years of age. Data collection will be undertaken at key time points in gestation (×3), at delivery and postnatally (×9). Maternal and infant biospecimens including blood, urine, hair, nails and buccal swabs along with measures such as fetal scans and body measurements will be collected. Additional information from questionnaires and medical records includes pregnancy, diet, sociodemographics, maternal stress, and infant growth and neurodevelopment.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (record no: 201530) and has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registry no: ChiCTR-OOC-16008203). Results of the recruitment and all subsequent analyses will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR-OOC-16008203; Results.

Two Cohort and Three Independent Anonymous Twin Projects at the Keio Twin Research Center (KoTReC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juko Ando ◽  
Keiko K. Fujisawa ◽  
Chizuru Shikishima ◽  
Kai Hiraishi ◽  
Mari Nozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Genes And Environment

The Keio Twin Research Center has conducted two longitudinal twin cohort projects and has collected three independent and anonymous twin data sets for studies of phenotypes related to psychological, socio-economic, and mental health factors. The Keio Twin Study has examined adolescent and adult cohorts, with a total of over 2,400 pairs of twins and their parents. DNA samples are available for approximately 600 of these twin pairs. The Tokyo Twin Cohort Project has followed a total of 1,600 twin pairs from infancy to early childhood. The large-scale cross-sectional twin study (CROSS) has collected data from over 4,000 twin pairs, from 3 to 26 years of age, and from two high school twin cohorts containing a total of 1,000 pairs of twins. These data sets of anonymous twin studies have mainly targeted academic performance, attitude, and social environment. The present article introduces the research designs and major findings of our center, such as genetic structures of cognitive abilities, personality traits, and academic performances, developmental effects of genes and environment on attitude, socio-cognitive ability and parenting, genes x environment interaction on attitude and conduct problem, and statistical methodological challenges and so on. We discuss the challenges in conducting twin research in Japan.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of non-daily and daily cannabis use among persons 15 years and older in South Africa: Results of a national survey in 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandir Ramlagan ◽  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract BackgroundThe study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of non-daily and daily cannabis use among persons 15 years and older in South Africa.MethodIn a national cross-sectional 2017 survey, 39,207 persons 15 years and older (Median = 34 years) responded to a questionnaire on substance use and health variables. Multinominal logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of nondaily and daily cannabis use and logistic regression for the determinants of daily cannabis use among active cannabis users.ResultsResults indicate that 5.0% of the participants engaged in non-daily and 2.8% in daily cannabis use in the past 3 months. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, male sex, having Grade 8–11 education, Coloureds, alcohol use disorder, living with husband or wife, not living with a partner, and other drug use were positively and students were negatively associated with daily cannabis use. Male sex, younger age, living alone or single, living with a partner, alcohol use disorder, and other drug use were positively and multimorbidity was negatively associated with nondaily cannabis use. Compared to nondaily cannabis users, male sex had higher odds and students and other drug use had lower odds of daily cannabis use.ConclusionAbout one in ten participants engaged past 3-month cannabis use, and several sociodemographic and health indicators were identified associated with non-daily and daily cannabis use.

scholarly journals The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California: III

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Baker ◽  
Catherine Tuvblad ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Karina Gomez ◽  
Serena Bezdjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
University Of Southern California ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Behavior Characteristics ◽  
The University

The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California (USC) was initiated in 1984 and continues to provide an important resource for studies investigating genetic and environmental influences on human behavior. This article provides an update on the current register and its potential for future twin studies using recruitment through school district databases and voter records. An overview is also provided for an ongoing longitudinal twin study investigating the development of externalizing psychopathology from childhood to young adulthood, the USC Study of Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior. Characteristics of the twins and their families are presented, including recruitment and participation rates, as well as attrition analyses and a summary of key findings to date.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional analysis of sleep-promoting and wake-promoting drug use on health, fatigue-related error, and near-crashes in police officers

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan P Ogeil ◽  
Laura K Barger ◽  
Steven W Lockley ◽  
Conor S O’Brien ◽  
Jason P Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness

ObjectivesTo examine sleep-promoting and wake-promoting drug use in police officers and associations between their use and health (excessive sleepiness, stress and burnout), performance (fatigue-related errors) and safety (near-crashes) outcomes, both alone and in combination with night-shift work.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingPolice officers from North America completed the survey either online or via paper/pencil at a police station.Participants4957 police participated, 3693 online (91.9%, participation rate) and 1264 onsite (cooperation rate 63.1%).Main outcome measuresSleep-promoting and wake-promoting drug use, excessive sleepiness, near-crash motor vehicle crashes, dozing while driving, fatigue errors, stress and burnout.ResultsOver the past month, 20% of police officers reported using sleep-promoting drugs and drugs causing sleepiness, while wake-promoting agents were used by 28% of police (5% used wake-promoting drugs, 23% used high levels of caffeine and 4% smoked to stay awake). Use of sleep-promoting drugs was associated with increased near-crashes (OR=1.61; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.13), fatigue-related errors (OR=1.75; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.79), higher stress (OR=1.41; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.82), and higher burnout (OR=1.83; 95% CI 1.40 to 2.38). Wake-promoting drug use, high caffeine and smoking to stay awake were associated with increased odds of a fatigue-related error, stress and burnout (ORs ranging from 1.68 to 2.56). Caffeine consumption was common, and while smoking was not, of those participants who did smoke, one-in-three did so to remain awake. Night-shift work was associated with independent increases in excessive sleepiness, near-crashes and fatigue-related errors. Interactions between night-shift work and wake-promoting drug use were also found for excessive sleepiness.ConclusionsPolice who use sleep-promoting and wake-promoting drugs, especially when working night shifts, are most vulnerable to adverse health, performance and safety outcomes. Future research should examine temporal relationships between shift work, drug use and adverse outcomes, in order to develop optimal alertness management strategies.

scholarly journals The Association between Recent Cannabis Use and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: A Population-based Analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018: L’association Entre L’utilisation Récente de Cannabis et L’idéation Suicidaire Chez les Adultes: Une Analyse Dans la Population de la NHANES de 2005 à 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372199611
Author(s):  
Calvin Diep ◽  
Venkat Bhat ◽  
Duminda N. Wijeysundera ◽  
Hance A. Clarke ◽  
Karim S. Ladha
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past

Objective: With the increasing prevalence of cannabis use, there is a growing concern about its association with depression and suicidality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between recent cannabis use and suicidal ideation using a nationally representative data set. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of adults was undertaken using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2018. Participants were dichotomized by whether or not they had used cannabis in the past 30 days. The primary outcome was suicidal ideation, and secondary outcomes were depression and having recently seen a mental health professional. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, and survey sample weights were considered in the model. Results: Compared to those with no recent use ( n = 18,599), recent users ( n = 3,127) were more likely to have experienced suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.54, 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.00, P = 0.001), be depressed (aOR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.82, P < 0.001), and to have seen a mental health professional in the past 12 months (aOR 1.28, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.59, P = 0.023). Conclusions: Cannabis use in the past 30 days was associated with suicidal thinking and depression in adults. This relationship is likely multifactorial but highlights the need for specific guidelines and policies for the prescription of medical cannabis for psychiatric therapy. Future research should continue to characterize the health effects of cannabis use in the general population.

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