Mechanistic Insights into the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate: The Role of Amino-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gaete ◽  
Juan Luis Arroyo ◽  
Ángel Norambuena ◽  
Gabriel Abarca ◽  
Cesar Morales-Verdejo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Role of silver compounds in promoting the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Galwey ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed ◽  
David S. Cromie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Silver Compounds

The low temperature thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate: nitryl perchlorate as the reaction intermediate

1984 ◽  
Vol 396 (1811) ◽  
pp. 425-440 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Temperature Decomposition ◽  
Covalent Bond Formation ◽  
Localized Reaction

We identify nitryl perchlorate as the essential intermediate in the low temperature thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate AP. Evidence supporting this identification includes the analytical detection of an oxidized nitrogenous species in partly reacted AP and the ability of ammonium nitrate and several other nitrates to markedly reduce the induction period to decomposition of AP and to accelerate the subsequent reaction. It is also shown that the measured rate of the reaction of pure AP is in very satisfactory agreement with that estimated to result from this amount of NO 2 ClO 4 present. This mechanism differs from those currently accepted, in which the controlling process is believed to involve the transfer of either a proton or an electron. Our proposal is based on the known instability of NO 2 ClO 4 at reaction temperature ( ca . 500 K), the enhanced reactivity compared to the ionic alkali perchlorates being ascribed to covalent bond formation O 2 NO─ClO 3 . Subsequent reactions of the products of breakdown of this species, NO + , ClO 3 - and 2O or O 2 , are regarded as capable of oxidizing reactant NH 4 + (→NO 2 + ), thus regenerating the intermediate. Localized reaction in migrating ‘particles’ of fluid NO 2 ClO 4 , advancing through the reactant and leaving a residue of porous NH 4 ClO 4 , explains the unusual, incomplete low temperature decomposition that is characteristic of AP. The article reports comparative kinetic data for the decomposition of pure AP and the reaction initiated by various added nitrates. Rate studies are complemented by scanning electron microscope examinations of the geometry of interface development and the structure of the decomposed salt. From these and analytical results the role of nitryl perchlorate in AP decomposition is discussed.

The Role of MoO3 and Fe2O3 in the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2253-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samih A. Halawy ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Xrd Techniques

The effect of addition of MoO3 and Fe2O3 as well as mixtures of the two oxides (calcined in air at 500 °C) on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was studied using thermogravimetry (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). The catalysts calcined at 500 °C were characterized using TPR, XPS and XRD techniques. The surface area of the catalysts was determined by means of the conventional BET method. The results are discussed in terms of the recently published mechanism in which nitryl perchlorate is supposed as an intermediate in the thermal decomposition of pure AP. The correlation between the surface area and activity of the catalysts in the thermal decomposition of AP has been done. The activation energy (∆E) for non-catalyzed and catalyzed high-temperature thermal decomposition of AP were calculated from the TGA results using the Coats-Redfern equation.

Role of point defects in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

1968 ◽  
Vol 307 (1490) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Point Defect Structure

The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate has usually been described in terms of chemical reactions with the point defect structure of the solid ignored. Both the isothermal and adiabatic decompositions have been reinvestigated over the temperature range 200 to 450°C. There is a good correlation between the isothermal d. c. electrical conductance of single crystals, and of conductance as a function of temperature with the extent of decomposition, indicating that charge carriers play a significant role in the thermal decomposition. The study of the electrical conductivity as a function of temperature has resulted in the assignment of a probable defect structure to ammonium perchlorate: cationic Frenkel type below 250°C and Schottky disorder at higher temperatures. This suggests an explanation for the phenomenon of only 30% decomposition below 250°C and 100% above this temperature.

Role of alloys in the thermal decomposition and combustion of ammonium perchlorate

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Pai Verneker ◽  
Sarojini Deevi ◽  
Seetharama C. Deevi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate
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