The thickness, band gap, and electron transfer properties of nanoporous TiO2films changed when treated by HCl.
A polymer–graphene blocking layer decreases back electron transfer and increases dye regeneration that improved the DSSC efficiency to 10.4%.
TiO2 coated Ag nanowires improved the interfacial electron transfer, the surface plasmon resonance, and the light-scattering in dye-sensitized solar cells.