5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and α-ketoglutaric acid supplementation increases oxygen saturation during prolonged exercise in normobaric hypoxia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Florian Kössler ◽  
Lukas Mair ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Hannes Gatterer
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Affect Heart Rate

Abstract. This double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated whether α-ketoglutaric-acid (α-KG) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) supplementation improves exercise performance in hypoxia and affects physiological responses during the exercise task. Eight moderately trained male participants (age: 25.3 ± 2.0 y, VO2max: 48.0 ± 8.3 ml/min/kg) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in normoxia and two 2-hour cycle time trial (TT) tests in hypoxia (3,500 m) each separated by 1-week. Prior to the TT, participants supplemented with either α-KG and 5-HMF or placebo (random order). Supplementation did not improve TT performance at altitude and did not affect heart rate, effort perception and oxidative stress levels (p > 0.05). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was enhanced during the α-KG and 5-HMF supplementation trial (79.5 ± 3.3 vs. 78.2 ± 3.7%, p = 0.026). Even though TT performance was unaffected, the enhanced SpO2 – possibly originated from changed O2-affinity – deserves further consideration as the exercise performance decline at altitude is strongly linked to the SpO2 decline. The inclusion of moderately fit participants, not specifically cycle trained, might have prevented any visible performance enhancement.

Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Midodrine For Exercise Performance Enhancement In Tetraplegia:A Pilot Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Nies hoff ◽  
Thomas J. Birk ◽  
Cynthia A. Birk ◽  
Steven R. Hinderer ◽  
Gunes Yavuzer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blinded

The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on the Interleukin-6 Response to a 90-Minute Run Time Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Robson-Ansley ◽  
Martin Barwood ◽  
Clare Eglin ◽  
Les Ansley
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Placebo Trial ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Messenger Molecule ◽  
Trial Performance

Fatigue is a predictable outcome of prolonged physical activity; yet its biological cause remains uncertain. During exercise, a polypeptide messenger molecule inter-leukin-6 (IL-6) is actively produced. Previously, it has been demonstrated that administration of recombinant IL-6 (rhIL-6) impairs 10-km run performance and heightened sensation of fatigue in trained runners. Both high carbohydrate diets and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise have a blunting effect on IL-6 levels post endurance exercise. We hypothesized that carbohydrate ingestion may improve performance during a prolonged bout of exercise as a consequence of a blunted IL-6 response. Seven recreationally trained fasted runners completed two 90-min time trials under CHO supplemented and placebo conditions in a randomized order. The study was of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study design. Distance covered in 90 min was significantly greater following exogenous carbohydrate ingestion compared with the placebo trial (19.13 ± 1.7 km and 18.29 ± 1.9 km, respectively, p = .0022). While post exercise IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the CHO trial compared with the placebo trial (5.3 ± 1.9 pg·mL−1 and 6.6 ± 3.0 pg·mL−1, respectively; p = .0313), this difference was considered physiologically too small to mediate the improvement in time trial performance.

scholarly journals Single Ingestion of Trehalose Enhances Prolonged Exercise Performance by Effective Use of Glucose and Lipid in Healthy Men

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Naomi Hamada ◽  
Tsuyoshi Wadazumi ◽  
Yoko Hirata ◽  
Mayumi Kuriyama ◽  
Kanji Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Men

Trehalose increases blood glucose levels slowly and induces a slight insulin response. The present study aimed to study the effect of trehalose on prolonged exercise performance. The participants were 12 healthy men (age: 21.3 ± 0.9 y). After an overnight fast (12 h), they first exercised with a constant load (intensity: 40% V˙O2peak) for 60 min using a bicycle ergometer. They continued to exercise with a constant load (40% V˙O2peak) for 30 min between four sets of the 30-s Wingate test. After the 1st set, each participant ingested 500 mL water (control), 8% glucose, or 8% trehalose in three trials. These three trials were at least one week apart and were conducted in a double-blind and randomized crossover manner. Blood was collected for seven biochemical parameters at 12 time points during the experiment. The area under the curve of adrenaline after ingestion of trehalose was significantly lower than that for water and tended to be lower than that for glucose in the later stage of the exercise. Lower secretion of adrenaline after a single dose of 8% trehalose during prolonged exercise reflected the preservation of carbohydrates in the body in the later stage of the exercise. In conclusion, a single ingestion of trehalose helped to maintain prolonged exercise performance.

scholarly journals Sprint Kayaking Performance Enhancement by Isometric Strength Training Inclusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Danny Lum ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa ◽  
Govindasamy Balasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Main Effect

Performing isometric strength training (IST) can enhance various sports performance. This study compared the effects of including IST on sprint kayaking performance as compared to traditional strength training. Twenty sprint kayaking athletes (age 22 ± 4 year, stature 1.71 ± 0.09 m, body mass 72.0 ± 11.4 kg) performed a 200-m kayak ergometer time trial (200mTT), isometric squat (IsoSqT), isometric bench press (IsoPress) and isometric prone bench pull (IsoPull) during the pre- and post-tests. Athletes were randomly assigned to either traditional strength training (TRAD) or IST group. Both groups performed a similar strength training program twice a week for six weeks. However, half the volume for squat, bench press and prone bench pull were replaced by IsoSqT, IsoPress and IsoPull, respectively, for the IST group. IsoSqT was performed at 90° knee angle, while IsoPress and IsoPull were performed at 90° and 120° elbow angles, respectively. Each isometric contraction was performed with maximum intensity and sustained for three seconds. A significant main time effect was observed for 200mTT (p < 0.001, ƞ2p = 0.68) and all isometric strength measures (p = 0.001–0.032, ƞ2p = 0.24–0.76) except rate of force development at 0–90 ms (RFD90) obtained from IsoSqT120 and IsoPress90. A group main effect was observed in RFD90 obtained from IsoSqT120 and IsoPull120 (p = 0.003–0.004, ƞ2p = 0.37–0.39). Time x Group interaction was observed for 200mTT (p = 0.027, ƞ2p = 0.68), peak force obtained from IsoSqT90, IsoPress90, and IsoPull120 (p = 0.004–0.006, ƞ2p = 0.36–0.38) and RFD90 obtained from IsoSqT120 and IsoPull120 (p = 0.012–0.015, ƞ2p = 0.28–0.30). Inclusion of IST resulted in greater improvement for sprint kayaking and strength performances then TRAD alone.

scholarly journals Acetazolamide does not alter endurance exercise performance at 3,500-m altitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karleigh E. Bradbury ◽  
Beau R. Yurkevicius ◽  
Katherine M. Mitchell ◽  
Kirsten E. Coffman ◽  
Roy M. Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
The Impact

Acetazolamide (AZ) is a medication commonly used to prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS) during rapid ascent to high altitude. However, it is unclear whether AZ use impairs exercise performance; previous literature regarding this topic is equivocal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AZ on time-trial (TT) performance during a 30-h exposure to hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to 3,500-m altitude. Ten men [sea-level peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak): 50.8 ± 6.5 mL·kg−1·min−1; body fat %: 20.6 ± 5.2%] completed 2 30-h exposures at 3,500 m. In a crossover study design, subjects were given 500 mg/day of either AZ or a placebo. Exercise testing was completed 2 h and 24 h after ascent and consisted of 15-min steady-state treadmill walking at 40%–45% sea-level VO2peak, followed by a 2-mile self-paced treadmill TT. AMS was assessed after ~12 h and 22 h at 3,500 m. The incidence of AMS decreased from 40% with placebo to 0% with AZ. Oxygen saturation was higher ( P < 0.05) in AZ versus placebo trials at the end of the TT after 2 h (85 ± 3% vs. 79 ± 3%) and 24 h (86 ± 3% vs. 81 ± 4%). There was no difference in time to complete 2 miles between AZ and PL after 2 h (20.7 ± 3.2 vs. 22.7 ± 5.0 min, P > 0.05) or 24 h (21.5 ± 3.4 vs. 21.1 ± 2.9 min, P > 0.05) of exposure to altitude. Our results suggest that AZ (500 mg/day) does not negatively impact endurance exercise performance at 3,500 m. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of acetazolamide (500 mg/day) versus placebo on self-paced, peak-effort exercise performance using a short-duration exercise test in a hypobaric hypoxic environment with a repeated-measures design. In the present study, acetazolamide did not impact exercise performance after 2-h or 24-h exposure to 3,500-m simulated altitude.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Mitigates Mental Fatigue Effects on Maximal Incremental Test Performance, but Not in Cortical Alterations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayque Brietzke ◽  
Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga ◽  
Raul Canestri ◽  
Márcio Fagundes Goethel ◽  
Ítalo Vínicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior

Detrimental mental fatigue effects on exercise performance have been documented in constant workload and time trial exercises, but effects on a maximal incremental test (MIT) remain poorly investigated. Mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance is related to an increased effort sensation, likely due to a reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and inhibited spontaneous behavior. Interestingly, only a few studies verified if centrally active compounds may mitigate such effects. For example, carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse potentiates exercise performance and reduces effort sensation, likely through its effects on PFC activation. However, it is unknown if this centrally mediated effect of CHO mouth rinse may mitigate mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance. After a proof-of-principle study, showing a mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, we observed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated MIT performance reductions in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of PFC alterations. When compared to placebo, mentally fatigued cyclists improved MIT performance by 2.24–2.33% when rinsing their mouth with CHO during MIT. However, PFC and motor cortex activation during MIT in both CHO and placebo mouth rinses were greater than in mental fatigue. Results showed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated the mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, but challenged the role of CHO mouth rinse on PFC and motor cortex activation.

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