Re-Increased Male Suicide Rates in the Recovery Phase Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Orui
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Background: Monitoring of suicide rates in the recovery phase following a devastating disaster has been limited. Aim: We report on a 7-year follow-up of the suicide rates in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from March 2009 to February 2018. Period analysis was used to divide the 108-month study period into nine segments, in which suicide rates were compared with national averages using Poisson distribution. Results: Male suicide rates in the affected area from March 2013 to February 2014 increased to a level higher than the national average. After subsequently dropping, the male rates from March 2016 to February 2018 re-increased and showed a greater difference compared with the national averages. The difference became significant in the period from March 2017 to February 2018 ( p = .047). Limitations: Specific reasons for increasing the rates in the recovery phase were not determined. Conclusion: The termination of the provision of free temporary housing might be influential in this context. Provision of temporary housing was terminated from 2016, which increased economic hardship among needy evacuees. Furthermore, disruption of the social connectedness in the temporary housing may have had an influence. Our findings suggest the necessity of suicide rate monitoring even in the recovery phase.

Epidemiology of Suicide and Parasuicide

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Platt
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

The epidemiology of suicide (1970–1990) and parasuicide (1970–1989) in Great Britain is reviewed. A wide variation in suicide rates exists across Europe, and the rates in England and Wales fall considerably below the median. Although suicide accounted for only 0.7% of all deaths in 1990 in people aged over 15, it was the second most common cause of death among males aged 15–34 years. In 1990, the suicide rate for males was 19% above that in 1970, while in females the rate in 1990 was much lower than it had been during the 1970s. Male suicide rates exceed female rates in all 10-year age groups. The lowest rates of suicide in both sexes and in all age groups occur among married people, and the rates among semi-skilled (class IV) and unskilled (class V) manual workers are higher than those in the other four social classes. The leading methods of suicide are poisoning, hanging and domestic gas, though deaths by domestic gas poisoning had disappeared completely by 1990 with the detoxification of gas. Men use violent methods to a greater extent than women. Only two British centres, in Oxford and Edinburgh, have monitored episodes of hospital-treated parasuicide during the period of review. Both British cities have parasuicide rates greatly in excess of the European median. Between 1970 and 1989, annual parasuicide rates were higher for females than for males. Self-poisoning has been the predominant method used in parasuicide. Parasuicide is a behaviour mainly encountered during adolescence and young adulthood, and parasuicide rates decline with advancing age. The lowest rates of parasuicide are found among the married, and the highest among the divorced. A direct relationship exists between parasuicide and social class; the lower the social class, the higher the rate of parasuicide. The rates of parasuicide are considerably higher among the unemployed, with females at greater risk than males.

The Child and Family Eight Years after Undesired Conception

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rantakallio ◽  
Antero Myhrman
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
The Difference

This survey is a follow-up study, up to the age of 8 years of children reported to have been born from pregnancies not desired by the mother, in Northern Finland in 1966. The data were collected by means of a postal questionnaire sent separately to families and school teachers. Each child was assigned a control, born from a desired pregnancy and similar at the time of birth as regards mother's marital status, parity, and place of residence and also the social class of the father. No difference between the groups was found in the emotional development of the children. School performance was poorer among the unwanted children, but the difference was statistically significant only in respect of the need for additional instruction in writing. Evidence was also found that the parents in the control families worried more about the health of their children than did those of the unwanted children. Even when the social standing of the families was matched as regards time of birth, the families with unwanted children showed more downward and less upward social mobility during the intervening 8 years than did the control families, and there were also indications of differences in lifestyle preference between the families. The conclusion was therefore drawn that undesired conception selects a subgroup of less capable families from each social class, and that the differences found in the children can also be explained by differences in social and economic standing between these two groups of families.

scholarly journals Moving from prefabricated temporary housing to public reconstruction housing and social isolation after the Great East Japan Earthquake: a longitudinal study using propensity score matching

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e026354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Sekiguchi ◽  
Yoshihiro Hagiwara ◽  
Yumi Sugawara ◽  
Yasutake Tomata ◽  
Fumiya Tanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Socially Isolated

ObjectivesAfter the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) of 2011, many survivors have been forced to live in prefabricated temporary housing, which is uncomfortable and insufficiently durable for permanent living. Public reconstruction housing has been built to improve their living conditions; however, those moving have to rebuild personal relationships and adapt to a new environment. This study examined whether survivors moving to public reconstruction housing became more socially isolated than those remaining in prefabricated temporary housing.Design, setting and participantsSelf-report questionnaire data collected in 2015 (4 years after the GEJE) were used as the baseline for follow-up surveys in 2016 and 2017, as many survivors moved from prefabricated temporary housing to public reconstruction housing from 2015. We analysed longitudinal data from 393 survivors, distinguishing those who moved to public reconstruction housing during the 5th year after the disaster from those who remained in prefabricated temporary housing. Participants were assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6) in all three surveys, with social isolation defined by a score of <12/30. To reduce the effect of selection bias, propensity score analysis was performed (178 of 393 participants were retained). We used a generalised estimated equation to evaluate the association between moving from prefabricated temporary housing to public reconstruction housing and changes in social isolation over 2 years.ResultsLSNS-6 scores of the reconstruction housing group were worse than those of the prefabricated housing group between 4 and 6 years after the GEJE (P=0.006). Over the same period, social isolation worsened in the reconstruction housing group but improved in the prefabricated housing group (P=0.002).ConclusionsSocial isolation should be monitored while supporting survivors who moved to public reconstruction housing, and further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the risk of social isolation.

scholarly journals Weight Gain in Survivors Living in Temporary Housing in the Tsunami-Stricken Area during the Recovery Phase following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0166817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuko Takahashi ◽  
Yuki Yonekura ◽  
Ryohei Sasaki ◽  
Yukari Yokoyama ◽  
Kozo Tanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Temporary Housing

scholarly journals Suicide now and then … an elusive comparison

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Turner
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

SummaryComparing suicide rates between Victorian and modern times, and the impact of the asylum, should enable a useful historical perspective on how effective our treatment approaches really are. Difficulties include clarifying the ‘social geography’, the underlying diagnoses, the reasons for admission and the reliability of casebook data and follow-up arrangements.

scholarly journals Functional Outcome in Athletes at Five Years of Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Devgan ◽  
N. K. Magu ◽  
R. C. Siwach ◽  
Rajesh Rohilla ◽  
S. S. Sangwan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Outcome Scores ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional outcome in competitive level athletes at 5 years after ACL reconstruction with regard to return to sports and the factors or reasons in those who either stopped sports or showed a fall in their sporting levels. Methods. 48 competitive athletes who had undergone arthroscopic assisted ACL reconstruction with a minimum follow up of at least 5 years were successfully recalled and were analyzed. Results. 22 patients had returned to the preinjury levels of sports and 18 showed a decrease in their sporting levels. Of the 18 patients, 12 referred to fear of reinjuring the same or contra-lateral knee as the prime reason for the same while 6 patients reported persisting knee pain and instability as reasons for a fall in their sporting abilities. The difference in the scores of these groups was statistically significant. 8 patients out of the 48 had left sports completely due to reasons other than sports, even though they had good knee outcome scores. Conclusion. Fear of reinjury and psychosocial issues that are relevant to the social milieu of the athlete are very important and affect the overall results of the surgery with respect to return to sports.

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

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