Glacial dust surpasses both volcanic ash and desert dust in its iron fertilization potential

Author(s):  
Bess G. Koffman ◽  
Meg F. Yoder ◽  
Taylor Methven ◽  
Lena Hanschka ◽  
Helen B. Sears ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bess G. Koffman ◽  
Meg F Yoder ◽  
Taylor Methven ◽  
Lena Hanschka ◽  
Helen B Sears ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazlı Olgun ◽  
Svend Duggen ◽  
Peter Leslie Croot ◽  
Pierre Delmelle ◽  
Heiner Dietze ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Klüser ◽  
T. Erbertseder ◽  
J. Meyer-Arnek

Abstract. On 4 June 2011 an eruption of the Chilean volcano complex Puyehue–Cordón Caulle injected large amounts of volcanic ash into the atmosphere and affected local life as well as hemisphere-wide air traffic. Observations of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) flown on board of the MetOp satellite have been exploited to analyze the evolution of the ash plume around the Southern Hemisphere. A novel singular vector-based retrieval methodology, originally developed for observation of desert dust over land and ocean, has been adapted to enable remote sensing of volcanic ash. Since IASI observations in the 8–12 μm window are applied in the retrieval, the method is insensitive to solar illumination and therefore yields twice the observation rate of the ash plume evolution compared to solar backscatter methods from polar orbiting satellites. The retrieval scheme, the emission characteristics and the circumpolar transport of the ash are examined by means of a source–receptor analysis.


2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4249-4283 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Klüser ◽  
T. Erbertseder ◽  
J. Meyer-Arnek

Abstract. On 4 June 2011 an eruption of the Chilean volcano complex Puyehue-Cordón Caulle injected large amounts of volcanic ash into the atmosphere and affected local life as well as hemisphere-wide air traffic. Observations of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer IASI flown on board of the MetOp satellite have been exploited to analyze the evolution of the ash plume around the Southern Hemisphere. A novel Singular Vector based retrieval methodology, originally developed for observation of desert dust over land and ocean, has been adapted to enable remote sensing of volcanic ash. Since IASI observations in the 8–12 μm window are applied in the retrieval, the method is insensitive to solar illumination and therefore yields twice the observation rate of the ash plume evolution compared to solar backscatter methods from polar orbiting satellites. The retrieval scheme, the emission characteristics and the circumpolar transport of the ash are examined by means of a source-receptor analysis.


Eos ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (47) ◽  
pp. 525-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Spirakis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 6757-6776 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. David ◽  
B. Thomas ◽  
T. Nousiainen ◽  
A. Miffre ◽  
P. Rairoux

Abstract. During transport by advection, atmospheric nonspherical particles, such as volcanic ash, desert dust or sea-salt particles experience several chemical and physical processes, leading to a complex vertical atmospheric layering at remote sites where intrusion episodes occur. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to analyse this complex vertical layering in the case of a two/three-component particle external mixtures. This methodology relies on an analysis of the spectral and polarization properties of the light backscattered by atmospheric particles. It is based on combining a sensitive and accurate UV-VIS polarization lidar experiment with T-matrix numerical simulations and air mass back trajectories. The Lyon UV-VIS polarization lidar is used to efficiently partition the particle mixture into its nonspherical components, while the T-matrix method is used for simulating the backscattering and depolarization properties of nonspherical volcanic ash, desert dust and sea-salt particles. It is shown that the particle mixtures' depolarization ratio δ p differs from the nonspherical particles' depolarization ratio δns due to the presence of spherical particles in the mixture. Hence, after identifying a tracer for nonspherical particles, particle backscattering coefficients specific to each nonspherical component can be retrieved in a two-component external mixture. For three-component mixtures, the spectral properties of light must in addition be exploited by using a dual-wavelength polarization lidar. Hence, for the first time, in a three-component external mixture, the nonsphericity of each particle is taken into account in a so-called 2β + 2δ formalism. Applications of this new methodology are then demonstrated in two case studies carried out in Lyon, France, related to the mixing of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash with sulfate particles (case of a two-component mixture) and to the mixing of dust with sea-salt and water-soluble particles (case of a three-component mixture). This new methodology, which is able to provide separate vertical profiles of backscattering coefficient for mixed atmospheric dust, sea-salt and water-soluble particles, may be useful for accurate radiative forcing assessments.


Geology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhirui Zeng ◽  
Madison Pike ◽  
Michael M. Tice ◽  
Caitlyn Kelly ◽  
Franco Marcantonio ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2733-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bingemer ◽  
H. Klein ◽  
M. Ebert ◽  
W. Haunold ◽  
U. Bundke ◽  
...  

Abstract. Explosive volcanism affects weather and climate. Primary volcanic ash particles which act as ice nuclei (IN) can modify the phase and properties of cold tropospheric clouds. During the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption we have measured the highest ice nucleus number concentrations (>600 L) in our record of 2 years of daily IN measurements in central Germany. Even in Israel, located about 5000 km away from Iceland, IN were as high as otherwise only during desert dust storms. These measurements are the only ones available on the properties of IN in the Eyjafjallajökull plume. The measured high concentrations and high activation temperature (−8 °C) point to an important impact of volcanic ash on microphysical and radiative properties of clouds through enhanced glaciation.


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