On the relation between similarity and transfer of training in the learning of discriminative motor tasks: Motor skills and job efficiency

1949 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Motor Tasks

scholarly journals Rewards interact with explicit knowledge to enhance skilled motor performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 2476-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Anderson ◽  
Tyler J. Adkins ◽  
Bradley S. Gary ◽  
Taraz G. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Motor Tasks

Offering people rewards and incentives typically improves their performance on skilled motor tasks. However, the mechanisms by which motivation impacts motor skills remains unclear. In two experiments, we show that motivation impacts motor sequencing skills in two separate ways. First, the prospect of reward speeds up the execution of all actions. Second, rewards provide an additional boost to motor planning when explicit skill knowledge can be used to prepare movements in advance.

scholarly journals Acoustic stimulation increases implicit adaptation in sensorimotor adaptation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ann Leow ◽  
James R. Tresilian ◽  
Aya Uchida ◽  
Dirk Koester ◽  
Tamara Spingler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensory Prediction

AbstractSensorimotor adaptation is an important part of our ability to perform novel motor tasks (i.e., learning of motor skills). Efforts to improve adaptation in healthy and clinical patients using non-invasive brain stimulation methods have been hindered by interindividual and intra-individual variability in brain susceptibility to stimulation. Here, we explore unpredictable loud acoustic stimulation as an alternative method of modulating brain excitability to improve sensorimotor adaptation. In two experiments, participants moved a cursor towards targets, and adapted to a 30° rotation of cursor feedback, either with or without unpredictable acoustic stimulation. Acoustic stimulation improved initial adaptation to sensory prediction errors in Study 1, and improved overnight retention of adaptation in Study 2. Unpredictable loud acoustic stimulation might thus be a potent method of modulating sensorimotor adaptation in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Influence of Basic-Motor Abilities on Efficiency of Realization of Specific Motor Tasks In Swimming

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmo Bajrić ◽  
Branimir Mikić ◽  
Senad Bajrić ◽  
Edin Mirvić ◽  
Slobodan Goranović
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criterion Variables

The research was conducted on a sample of 70 respondents-swimmers aged 13-15 years of swimming clubs from Sarajevo Canton/Federation of BiH, with the aim of determining the significance and magnitude of the impact of selected basic motor skills on the implementation of specific motor tasks in swimming (navigability in place, sliding length with reflection from water, start from starting block, parallel). The study used 10 variables to assess basic motor skills, which were the input or predictor set of variables, and three variables to assess the efficiency of specific motor tasks in swimming as a criterion, each variable from the battery of specific motor tasks was considered as a criterion on the predictor set of basic-motor variables. Three mini regression analyzes were applied to determine the statistical significance and relative influence of basic motor skills on the realization of specific motor tasks in swimming (buoyancy in place, length of sliding with reflection from water, start from the starting block, parallel). The results of regression analyzes indicate that the greatest influence on the overall efficiency in the implementation of specific motor tests in swimming, looking at all criterion variables together, from the set of basic-motor variables, as a predictor set, show the following variables: stick twist-MFLISK MFLPRK, plantar flexion-MFLPL, long jump from place-MFESDM, agility on the ground-MKOKNT and shelter in lying-MRCZTL. The results obtained in this research can be useful for teachers and swimming trainers who work with younger age categories for the purpose of better programming of training work and selection of training content.

The Cortical Motor Areas and the Emergence of Motor Skills: A Neuroanatomical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Strick ◽  
Richard P. Dum ◽  
Jean-Alban Rathelot
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Spatiotemporal Coordination ◽  
Motor Areas

What changes in neural architecture account for the emergence and expansion of dexterity in primates? Dexterity, or skill in performing motor tasks, depends on the ability to generate highly fractionated patterns of muscle activity. It also involves the spatiotemporal coordination of activity in proximal and distal muscles across multiple joints. Many motor skills require the generation of complex movement sequences that are only acquired and refined through extensive practice. Improvements in dexterity have enabled primates to manufacture and use tools and humans to engage in skilled motor behaviors such as typing, dance, musical performance, and sports. Our analysis leads to the following synthesis: The neural substrate that endows primates with their enhanced motor capabilities is due, in part, to ( a) major organizational changes in the primary motor cortex and ( b) the proliferation of output pathways from other areas of the cerebral cortex, especially from the motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Serious Games and Motor Learning

2013 ◽  
pp. 197-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Wiemeyer ◽  
Sandro Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Computer Mouse

Digital games in general require fine motor skills, i.e., operating the computer mouse, the keyboard, the touch-screen, or a joystick. With the development of new gaming interfaces, the performance of whole-body movements became possible to control a game. This opens up new lines of application, e.g. improving motor skills and motor abilities. The most important question is whether and how virtual game-based perceptual-motor training transfers to real motor tasks. Theory distinguishes between specific motor skill learning and generic motor ability improvement. Existing evidence shows that the improvement of motor abilities (e.g., balance) is possible by particular exergames while the improvement of motor skills (e.g., basketball throw) depends on several moderators like accuracy of the interface and correspondence of virtual and real tasks. The authors conclude that there are two mechanisms of transfer, located at the elementary and fundamental perceptual-motor level and at the cognitive level. Current issues for technology comprise adaptivity, personalization, game mastering, accuracy of interfaces and sensors, activity recognition, and error detection.

Musician’s Dystonia is Highly Task Specific: No Strong Evidence for Everyday Fine Motor Deficits in Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Hofmann ◽  
Michael Grossbach ◽  
Volker Baur ◽  
Joachim Hermsdörfer ◽  
Eckart Altenmüller
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Everyday Life Activities ◽  
Psychological Disposition

OBJECTIVES: 1) To examine the fine motor skills used everyday by patients suffering from musician’s dystonia (MD) in the upper limb in order to verify whether MD is task-specific; and 2) to compare the affected and non-affected hands of MD musicians vs healthy musicians in performance of these tasks in order to clarify whether dystonic symptoms can be found in the non-affected side of MD patients. BACKGROUND: MD is typically considered to be focal and task specific, but patients often report impairment in everyday life activities. Furthermore, in the course of MD, about 15% of patients complain of dystonic symptoms in other parts of the body. METHODS: Twenty-seven musicians affected by MD and 27 healthy musicians were studied using 1) the Motor Performance Test Series, 2) a kinematic analysis of handwriting, and 3) an assessment of the grip force regulation while lifting and moving a manipulandum. RESULTS: Patients performed most fine motor tasks without any evidence of a deficit. Exclusively in the handwriting tasks (2), they exhibited fewer frequencies of the written trace and a prolonged overall writing time. CONCLUSION: MD is highly task specific and does not strongly affect other motor skills. The subtle deficits in handwriting may be explained as a consequence of a general psychological disposition rather than as compensatory mechanisms to avoid the appearance of dystonic symptoms. Furthermore, we did not find signs of multifocal motor deficits in the unaffected hands of MD patients.

scholarly journals Transfer of Training Between Distinct Motor Tasks After Stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Y. Schaefer ◽  
Chavelle B. Patterson ◽  
Catherine E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Motor Tasks

On the relation between similarity and transfer of training in the learning of discriminative motor tasks.

1950 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Gagn? ◽  
Katherine E. Baker ◽  
Harriet Foster
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Motor Tasks

scholarly journals Exploration of the Specificity of Motor Skills Hypothesis in 7–8 Year Old Primary School Children: Exploring the Relationship Between 12 Different Motor Skills From Two Different Motor Competence Test Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermundur Sigmundsson ◽  
Karl M. Newell ◽  
Remco Polman ◽  
Monika Haga
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Item Pair ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Competence Test ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the specificity hypothesis by examining the association between two specific motor competence test batteries [Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and Test of Motor Competence (TMC)] in a sample of young children. In addition, we explored the factorial structure of the MABC and TMC. A total of 80 children participated in the study (38 girls and 42 boys) with a mean chronological age of 7.9 years (SD 0.55). The correlation between total score MABC and total z-score TMC was r = 0.46. In general, low pair-wise correlations (r2 < 0.20) between the different motor tasks were found. The highest correlation was between the placing bricks and building bricks r = 0.45 (TMC); the stork balance and jumping in squares r = 0.45 (MABC). These low pair-wise relations of items are consistent with findings from younger and older children's age-related motor competence test batteries. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the 1st component accommodated 25% of the variance and was dominated in the top five variable weightings by items of the MABC test; whereas the 2nd component accommodated 12% of the variance with the higher weightings all from the TMC test. The findings provide evidence with children for specificity rather than generality in learning motor skills a viewpoint that has predominantly been driven by adult learning studies. The PCA revealed that the MABC and TMC are testing different properties of children's motor competence though in both cases the variance accounted for is relatively modest, but generally higher than the motor item pair-wise correlation.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASIC MOTOR SKILLS AND DEFORMITY IN STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 303-322
Author(s):  
Alma Nezirović
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we refer to the definition by which motor skills are those human skills that are involved in resolving motor tasks, and that determine successful movement. The primary aims of the paper were to ascertain whether the level of physical deformity affects the results the participants show on the tests of basic motor skills, as well as whether the level of deformity differs between male and female population. The research sample included 299 students of the University of Sarajevo. The findings indicated that the level of deformity does not significantly affect the results obtained on the tests of basic motor skills, and that there is no difference in the level of deformity between the male and female participants.

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