A Short-Term Testing Effect in Cross-Language Recognition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Samantha Bouwmeester ◽  
Gino Camp
Keyword(s):  
Testing Effect ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Language

scholarly journals A Short-Term Testing Effect in Cross-Language Recognition

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Samantha Bouwmeester ◽  
Gino Camp
Keyword(s):  
Testing Effect ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Language

scholarly journals Cross-Language End-to-End Speech Recognition Research Based on Transfer Learning for the Low-Resource Tujia Language

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongchong Yu ◽  
Yunbing Chen ◽  
Yueqiao Li ◽  
Meng Kang ◽  
Shixuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
Cross Language

To rescue and preserve an endangered language, this paper studied an end-to-end speech recognition model based on sample transfer learning for the low-resource Tujia language. From the perspective of the Tujia language international phonetic alphabet (IPA) label layer, using Chinese corpus as an extension of the Tujia language can effectively solve the problem of an insufficient corpus in the Tujia language, constructing a cross-language corpus and an IPA dictionary that is unified between the Chinese and Tujia languages. The convolutional neural network (CNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network were used to extract the cross-language acoustic features and train shared hidden layer weights for the Tujia language and Chinese phonetic corpus. In addition, the automatic speech recognition function of the Tujia language was realized using the end-to-end method that consists of symmetric encoding and decoding. Furthermore, transfer learning was used to establish the model of the cross-language end-to-end Tujia language recognition system. The experimental results showed that the recognition error rate of the proposed model is 46.19%, which is 2.11% lower than the that of the model that only used the Tujia language data for training. Therefore, this approach is feasible and effective.

scholarly journals Native Language Recognition using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2373-2377
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Cepstral Coefficients ◽  
The Individual

Speech Recognition of native language is the process of recognizing the language of a client dependent on the speech or content writing in another language. This article proposes the utilization of spectrogram as well as on cochleagram-oriented concepts separated from extremely short speech expressions (0.8 s by and large) to deduce the local language of the speaking person. The bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) neural systems are received to classify the expressions between the local dialects. A lot of analyses is completed for the system engineering look and the framework's precision is assessed on the approval informational index. By and large precision is accomplished utilizing the Mel-recurrence Cepstral coefficients (MRCC) and Gammatone Recurrence Cepstral Coefficients (GRCC), separately. In addition, the advanced MFCC oriented BLSTM system and GFCC based BLSTM systems are combined to make use of their features. The examinations demonstrate that the execution of the combined system outperforms the individual BLSTM systems and precision of 75.69% is accomplished on the assessment information.

scholarly journals Patterns of Short-Term Phonetic Interference in Bilingual Speech

Languages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Šimáčková ◽  
Václav Podlipský
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Language Background ◽  
English Only ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Switching Strategies

Previous research indicates that alternating between a bilingual’s languages during speech production can lead to short-term increases in cross-language phonetic interaction. However, discrepancies exist between the reported L1–L2 effects in terms of direction and magnitude, and sometimes the effects are not found at all. The present study focused on L1 interference in L2, examining Voice Onset Time (VOT) of English voiceless stops produced by L1-dominant Czech-English bilinguals—interpreter trainees highly proficient in L2-English. We tested two hypotheses: (1) switching between languages induces an immediate increase in L1 interference during code-switching; and (2) due to global language co-activation, an increase in L1-to-L2 interference occurs when bilinguals interpret (translate) a message from L1 into L2 even if they do not produce L1 speech. Fourteen bilinguals uttered L2-English sentences under three conditions: L2-only, code-switching into L2, and interpreting into L2. Against expectation, the results showed that English VOT in the bilingual tasks tended to be longer and less Czech-like compared to the English-only task. This contradicts an earlier finding of L2 VOT converging temporarily towards L1 VOT values for comparable bilingual tasks performed by speakers from the same bilingual population. Participant-level inspection of our data suggests that besides language-background differences, individual language-switching strategies contribute to discrepancies between studies.

scholarly journals Does Individual Performance Feedback Increase the Use of Retrieval Practice?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luotong Hui ◽  
Anique B. H. de Bruin ◽  
Jeroen Donkers ◽  
Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Feedback ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe testing effect—the power of retrieval practice to enhance long-term knowledge retention more than restudying does—is a well-known phenomenon in learning. However, retrieval practice is hardly appreciated by students and underutilized when studying. One of the reasons is that learners usually do not experience immediate benefits of such practice which often present only after a delay. We therefore conducted 2 experiments to examine whether students choose retrieval practice more often as their learning strategy after having experienced its benefits. In Experiment 1, students received individual feedback about the extent to which their 7-day delayed test scores after retrieval practice differed from their test scores after restudy. Those students who had actually experienced the benefits of retrieval practice appreciated the strategy more and used it more often after receiving feedback. In Experiment 2, we compared the short-term and long-term effects on retrieval practice use of individual performance feedback and general instruction about the testing effect. Although both interventions enhanced its use in the short term, only the individual feedback led to enhanced use in the long term by those who had actually experienced its benefits, demonstrating the superiority of the individual feedback in terms of its ability to promote retrieval practice use.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

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