scholarly journals Therapist empathy and client outcome: An updated meta-analysis.

Psychotherapy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Elliott ◽  
Arthur C. Bohart ◽  
Jeanne C. Watson ◽  
David Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Client Outcome ◽  
Therapist Empathy

Empathy

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Elliott ◽  
Arthur C. Bohart ◽  
Jeanne C. Watson ◽  
David Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Presenting Problems ◽  
Client Outcome ◽  
The Core ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Therapist Empathy

Empathy refers to understanding what another person is experiencing or trying to express. The chapter begins by discussing definitional issues and presenting an integrative definition. It then reviews measures of therapist empathy, including the conceptual problem of separating empathy from other relationship variables. Clinical examples illustrating different forms of therapist empathy and empathic response modes are then presented. The core of the review is a meta-analysis of research on the relation between therapist empathy and client outcome. Results indicated that empathy is a moderately strong predictor of therapy outcome: mean weighted r = .28 (equivalent of d = .58) for 82 independent samples and 6,138 clients. In general, the empathy–outcome relation held for different theoretical orientations and client presenting problems. The chapter considers the limitations of the current data and concludes with diversity considerations and practice recommendations, including endorsing the different forms that empathy may take in therapy.

scholarly journals Development of the Therapist Empathy Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E. Decker ◽  
Charla Nich ◽  
Kathleen M. Carroll ◽  
Steve Martino
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Client Outcome ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Empathy Scale ◽  
Therapist Empathy ◽  
The Impact

Background: Few measures exist to examine therapist empathy as it occurs in session. Aims: A 9-item observer rating scale, called the Therapist Empathy Scale (TES), was developed based on Watson's (1999) work to assess affective, cognitive, attitudinal, and attunement aspects of therapist empathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, and construct and criterion validity of the TES. Method: Raters evaluated therapist empathy in 315 client sessions conducted by 91 therapists, using data from a multi-site therapist training trial (Martino et al., 2010) in Motivational Interviewing (MI). Results: Inter-rater reliability (ICC = .87 to .91) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .94) were high. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated some support for single-factor fit. Convergent validity was supported by correlations between TES scores and MI fundamental adherence (r range .50 to .67) and competence scores (r range .56 to .69). Discriminant validity was indicated by negative or nonsignificant correlations between TES and MI-inconsistent behavior (r range .05 to −.33). Conclusions: The TES demonstrates excellent inter-rater reliability and internal consistency. Results indicate some support for a single-factor solution and convergent and discriminant validity. Future studies should examine the use of the TES to evaluate therapist empathy in different psychotherapy approaches and to determine the impact of therapist empathy on client outcome.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

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