scholarly journals Latent factor structure of PTSD symptoms in veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury and close-range blast exposure.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Rosenblatt ◽  
Ruosha Li ◽  
Catherine Fortier ◽  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Jennifer R. Fonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Latent Factor ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Range

A-108 Psychological and Sociodemographic Challenges, but Not History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Is Associated with Criminal Justice Involvement among Veterans and Service Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1157
Author(s):  
Becky Gius ◽  
Lauren F Fournier ◽  
Tea Reljic ◽  
Terri Pogoda ◽  
John Corrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective Examine factors associated with history of arrests and felony incarceration among Veterans and Service Members (V/SM) with combat exposure. Method Participants were V/SM who completed a baseline assessment for the multicenter Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium study (N = 1555). Most were male (87%), white (72%), with a mean age of 40 years (SD = 9.71). The majority (83%) reported a history of ≥1 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with thirty-five present of those experiencing 3+ mTBIs. Results Three groups were composed based on self-reported level of involvement with the criminal justice system: 1.) No history of arrests or incarcerations (65%), 2.) A lifetime history of arrest but no felony incarceration (32%), and 3.) A lifetime history of felony incarceration (3%). Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis H tests revealed statistically significant differences between the groups in demographic factors including the incarcerated group having younger age, greater percentage of men, lower education, and greater percentage of never being married, followed by the arrest group and then the no arrest group (all p < 0.05). The incarcerated group also had the highest level of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, lowest social support, and greatest percentage of hazardous alcohol consumption, followed by the arrest and then the no arrest groups (all p < 0.05). No differences were found between groups for mTBI history or neuropsychological testing results. Conclusions Correlates of legal involvement among V/SM span demographic and psychological dimensions. Some correlates are modifiable, including social support, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol consumption. Addressing these modifiable risk factors is critical to lower the risk of future criminal justice involvement.

scholarly journals Elevated Intraindividual Variability in Executive Functions and Associations with White Matter Microstructure in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Scott F. Sorg ◽  
Victoria C. Merritt ◽  
Alexandra L. Clark ◽  
Madeleine L. Werhane ◽  
Kelsey A. Holiday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective: We examined whether intraindividual variability (IIV) across tests of executive functions (EF-IIV) is elevated in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) relative to military controls (MCs) without a history of mTBI. We also explored relationships among EF-IIV, white matter microstructure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Method: A total of 77 Veterans (mTBI = 43, MCs = 34) completed neuropsychological testing, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and PTSD symptom ratings. EF-IIV was calculated as the standard deviation across six tests of EF, along with an EF-Mean composite. DSI Studio connectometry analysis identified white matter tracts significantly associated with EF-IIV according to generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA). Results: After adjusting for EF-Mean and PTSD symptoms, the mTBI group showed significantly higher EF-IIV than MCs. Groups did not differ on EF-Mean after adjusting for PTSD symptoms. Across groups, PTSD symptoms significantly negatively correlated with EF-Mean, but not with EF-IIV. EF-IIV significantly negatively correlated with GFA in multiple white matter pathways connecting frontal and more posterior regions. Conclusions: Veterans with mTBI demonstrated significantly greater IIV across EF tests compared to MCs, even after adjusting for mean group differences on those measures as well as PTSD severity. Findings suggest that, in contrast to analyses that explore effects of mean performance across tests, discrepancy analyses may capture unique variance in neuropsychological performance and more sensitively capture cognitive disruption in Veterans with mTBI histories. Importantly, findings show that EF-IIV is negatively associated with the microstructure of white matter pathways interconnecting cortical regions that mediate executive function and attentional processes.

scholarly journals Repetitive but not single blast mild traumatic brain injury increases ethanol responsivity in mice and risky drinking behavior in combat Veterans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail G. Schindler ◽  
Britahny Baskin ◽  
Barbara Juarez ◽  
Suhjung Janet Lee ◽  
Rebecca Hendrickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in civilians and highly prevalent among military Servicemembers and in contact sports athletes. mTBI, especially within military populations, is often comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and can increase health-risk behaviors (e.g., sensation/novelty seeking, impulsivity, risk taking, irritability/aggression) and substance misuse/abuse, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using an established mouse model of blast mTBI, here we examined the effects of single (1x) and repetitive (3x) blast exposure on ethanol responsivity using a battery of tests, each associated with distinct aspects of alcohol abuse vulnerability. While both single and repetitive blast exposure increased the sedative properties of high-dose ethanol (with no change in tolerance or metabolism), only repetitive blast exposure potentiated ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and shifted ethanol intake patterns (i.e., increased consumption ‘front-loading’) during intermittent two bottle choice. To establish translational relevance, we next examined self-report responses to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C) and used a novel unsupervised machine learning approach to investigate whether a history of blast with acute symptoms and mTBI affected drinking behaviors in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans. AUDIT-C scores were increased in Veterans with a history of blast exposure and subsequent cluster analysis identified a three-cluster solution: ‘low’ (low intake and low frequency), ‘frequent’ (low intake but high frequency), and ‘risky’ (high intake and high frequency), where Veterans with a history of blast mTBI displayed a shift in cluster assignment from ‘frequent’ to ‘risky’, as compared to Veterans who were deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan who had no lifetime history of TBI. Together, these results offer new insight regarding how blast mTBI may give rise to increased substance use/misuse and highlight the increased potential for adverse health-risk behaviors following repetitive blast mTBI exposure.

Eyeball Pressure Stimulation Unveils Subtle Autonomic Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Persons with a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 1796-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max J. Hilz ◽  
Felix Aurnhammer ◽  
Steven R. Flanagan ◽  
Tassanai Intravooth ◽  
Ruihao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Dysfunction ◽  
History Of

Pilot investigation of a novel white matter imaging technique in Veterans with and without history of mild traumatic brain injury

Brain Injury ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Jurick ◽  
Samantha N. Hoffman ◽  
Scott Sorg ◽  
Amber V. Keller ◽  
Nicole D. Evangelista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
History Of

The Natural History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant L., Iverson ◽  
Noah D., Silverberg ◽  
Rael T. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
History Of
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