Reconstitution of an ATP-mediated Active Transport System across Black Lipid Membranes

Nature ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 222 (5196) ◽  
pp. 871-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHENDRA K. JAIN ◽  
ALFRED STRICKHOLM ◽  
E. H. CORDES
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Black Lipid Membranes ◽  
Active Transport System

On the structural organization of biological pumps and channels

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
G. Zampighi ◽  
M. Kreman
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Passive Transport ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Natural Concentration ◽  
Active Transport System

The plasma membranes of most animal cells contain transport proteins which function to provide passageways for the transported species across essentially impermeable lipid bilayers. The channel is a passive transport system which allows the movement of ions and low molecular weight molecules along their concentration gradients. The pump is an active transport system and can translocate cations against their natural concentration gradients. The actions and interplay of these two kinds of transport proteins control crucial cell functions such as active transport, excitability and cell communication. In this paper, we will describe and compare several features of the molecular organization of pumps and channels. As an example of an active transport system, we will discuss the structure of the sodium and potassium ion-activated triphosphatase [(Na+ +K+)-ATPase] and as an example of a passive transport system, the communicating channel of gap junctions and lens junctions.

scholarly journals Actions of external hypertonic urea, ADH, and theophylline on transcellular and extracellular solute permeabilities in frog skin.

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Frog Skin ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Parallel Lines ◽  
Paracellular Pathways ◽  
Active Transport System

Increases in transepithelial solute permeability were elicited in the frog skin with external hypertonic urea, theophylline, and vasopressin (ADH). In external hypertonic urea, which is known to increase the permeability of the extracellular (paracellular) pathway, the unidirectional transepithelial fluxes of Na (passive), K, Cl, and urea increased substantially while preserving a linear relationship to each other. The same linear relationship was also observed for the passive Na and urea fluxes in regular Ringer and under stimulation with ADH or 10 mM theophylline, indicating that their permeation pathway was extracellular. A linear relationship between Cl and urea fluxes could be demonstrated if the skins were separated according to their open circuit potentials; parallel lines were obtained with increasing intercepts on the Cl axis as the open circuit potential decreased. The slopes of the Cl vs. urea lines were not different from that obtained in external hypertonic urea, indicating that this relationship described the extracellular movement of Cl. The intercept on the ordinate was interpreted as the contribution from the transcellular Cl movement. In the presence of 0.5 mM theophylline or 10 mU/ml of ADH, mainly the transcellular movement of Cl increased, whereas 10 mM theophylline caused increases in both transcellular and extracellular Cl fluxes. These and other data were interpreted in terms of a possible intracellular control of the theophylline-induced increase in extracellular fluxes. The changes in passive solute permeability were shown to be independent of active transport. The responses of the active transport system, the transcellular and paracellular pathways to theophylline and ADH could be explained in terms of the different resulting concentrations of cyclic 3'-5'-AMP produced by each of these substances in the tissue.

A linked active transport system for Na+ and K+ in a glial cell line

1976 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Kukes ◽  
Jean De Vellis ◽  
Rafael Elul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Active Transport System

The pH-dependent uptake of putrescine by Pseudomonas acidovorans and its incorporation into bacteriophage DNA

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 827-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Bruce ◽  
R. A. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Intracellular Pool ◽  
Pseudomonas Acidovorans ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Active Transport System

Lack of an active transport system prevents Pseudomonas acidovorans taking up putrescine under normal condition of growth. At pH 9.5, however, putrescine does enter the cell. That putrescine enters the intracellular pool is shown by its conversion to 2-hydroxyputrescine and spermidine after the cells are returned to pH 7.0. The accumulated putrescine can be used to label specifically the α-putrescinylthymine residues of bacteriophage [Formula: see text] DNA.

Participation of an active transport system in berberine-secreting cultured cells of Thalictrum minus

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yamamoto ◽  
M. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Suga ◽  
H. Fukui ◽  
M. Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Thalictrum Minus ◽  
Active Transport System

scholarly journals Active Potassium Ion Transport Across the Caterpillar Midgut: I. Tissue Electrical Properties and Potassium Ion Transport Inhibition

1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
M. V. THOMAS ◽  
T. E. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Tin Chloride ◽  
Potassium Ion Transport ◽  
Active Transport System

Active potassium ion transport by isolated midguts of Spodoptera littoralis and Manduca sexta caterpillars has been studied by electrical means. In contrast to previous studies, the electrical properties of the midguts remained essentially constant for several hours; this improvement probably results from use of an experimental saline that more closely resembles caterpillar haemolymph. The active transport could be abolished by anoxia and by a number of chemical agents, of which trimethyl tin chloride (effective at 10−9M) was the most potent. Some of these substances, including trimethyl tin chloride, may have been acting directly on the potassium ion transport system. The results of varying the ionic composition of the saline suggest that potassium is the only cation that can be transported at a significant rate. However, the rate of potassium ion transport is increased by the simultaneous presence of other inorganic cations. Experiments to determine the ‘reversal potential’ for the active transport pathway, by varying the potassium ion concentration, suggested that this parameter was not a constant, and thus the active transport system could not be modelled by a simple equivalent electrical circuit, although the midgut epithelium is not unique in this respect. Therefore, the tissue electrical properties could not readily be correlated with the energetics of the potassium transport process, but the results are nevertheless consistent with a potassium ion: ATP ratio of greater than one, if ATP is indeed the primary energy source.

TEM and SEM on Glycerol-Induced Communicating Hydrocephalus in Suckling Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
S.M. Chou ◽  
Y. Origuchi
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliary Movement ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Intracerebral Inoculation ◽  
Active Transport System

In a previous study, we could persistently induce a communicating hydrocephalus in suckling rats by an intracerebral inoculation of minute amounts of 3 different antitubulin compounds (1). Contrary to our expectation, the microtubules in the cilia and the basal bodies were not altered. Since the intramembranous molecular changes may be induced with an antitublin solution of far less concentration than that induces antitublin effects (2), the induced hydrocephalus was thought to be secondary to membranous alterations and subsequent cessation of ciliary movement. The present investigation was undertaken to test if a nontoxic compound such as glycerol, which is not antitublin but may alter the intramembranous structures and active transport system of membranes (3) may induce the similar communicating hydrocephalus. To 80 suckling rats (4 to 10 days old), 0.02 to 0.04 ml of glycerol (B & A, Allied Chemical Co., N.J.) in a single dose was intracerebrally injected, and to 40 control rats of comparable ages, 0.02 ml of saline in the same manner.

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