scholarly journals Nano-biosupercapacitors enable autarkic sensor operation in blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeji Lee ◽  
Vineeth Kumar Bandari ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Mariana Medina-Sánchez ◽  
Manfred F. Maitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Smart Dust ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Self Protection

AbstractToday’s smallest energy storage devices for in-vivo applications are larger than 3 mm3 and lack the ability to continuously drive the complex functions of smart dust electronic and microrobotic systems. Here, we create a tubular biosupercapacitor occupying a mere volume of 1/1000 mm3 (=1 nanoliter), yet delivering up to 1.6 V in blood. The tubular geometry of this nano-biosupercapacitor provides efficient self-protection against external forces from pulsating blood or muscle contraction. Redox enzymes and living cells, naturally present in blood boost the performance of the device by 40% and help to solve the self-discharging problem persistently encountered by miniaturized supercapacitors. At full capacity, the nano-biosupercapacitors drive a complex integrated sensor system to measure the pH-value in blood. This demonstration opens up opportunities for next generation intravascular implants and microrobotic systems operating in hard-to-reach small spaces deep inside the human body.

Graphene Based-Biosensor

2017 ◽  
pp. 265-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Kiani ◽  
M. H. Shahrokh Abadi ◽  
Meisam Rahmani ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
F. K. Che Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Graphene Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Capacitance Variation

Because of unique electrical properties of graphene, it has been employed in many applications, such as batteries, energy storage devices and biosensors. In this chapter modelling of bilayer graphene nanoribbon (BGNR) sensor is in our focus. Based on the presented model BGNR quantum capacitance variation effect by the prostate specific antigen (PSA) injected electrons into the FET channel as a sensing mechanism is considered. Also carrier movement in BGNR as another modelling parameter is suggested. PSA adsorption and local pH value of injecting carriers on the surface of player BGNR is modelled. Carrier concentration as a function of control parameters (f, p) is predicted. Furthermore, changes in charged lipid membrane properties can be electrically detected by graphene based electrolyte gated Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET). In this chapter, monolayer graphene-based GFET with a focus on conductance variation occurred by membrane electric charges and thickness is studied. Monolayer graphene conductance as an electrical detection platform which is tuned by neutral, negative and positive electric charged membrane together with membrane thickness is suggested. Electric charge and thickness of the lipid bilayer (QLP and LLP) as a function of carrier density are proposed and the control parameters are defined. Finally, the proposed analytical model is compared with experimental data which indicates good overall agreement.

An aqueous hybrid electrolyte for low-temperature zinc-based energy storage devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3527-3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Chang ◽  
Tianyu Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Yanbin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices

A frigostable aqueous hybrid electrolyte enabled by the solvation interaction of Zn2+–EG is proposed for low-temperature zinc-based energy storage devices.

NMR studies of alkali intercalted carbon nanotubes

2003 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schmid ◽  
C. Goze-Bac ◽  
M. Mehring ◽  
S. Roth ◽  
P. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Relaxation Measurements ◽  
Resonance Spin ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

AbstractLithium intercalted carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable interest as perspective components for energy storage devices. We performed 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spin lattice relaxation measurements in a temperature range from 4 K up to 300 on alkali intercalated Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in order to investigate the modifications of the electronic properties. The density of states at the Fermi level were determined for pristine, lithium and cesium intercalated carbon nanotubes and are discussed in terms of intercalation and charge transfer effects.

How Certain Are the Reported Ionic Conductivities of Thiophosphate-Based Solid Electrolytes? an Interlaboratory Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneyuki Ohno ◽  
Tim Bernges ◽  
Johannes Buchheim ◽  
Marc Duchardt ◽  
Anna-Katharina Hatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Relative Standard

<p>Owing to highly conductive solid ionic conductors, all-solid-state batteries attract significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices. A lot of research is invested in the search and optimization of solid electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity. However, a systematic study of an <i>interlaboratory reproducibility</i> of measured ionic conductivities and activation energies is missing, making the comparison of absolute values in literature challenging. In this study, we perform an uncertainty evaluation via a Round Robin approach using different Li-argyrodites exhibiting orders of magnitude different ionic conductivities as reference materials. Identical samples are distributed to different research laboratories and the conductivities and activation barriers are measured by impedance spectroscopy. The results show large ranges of up to 4.5 mScm<sup>-1</sup> in the measured total ionic conductivity (1.3 – 5.8 mScm<sup>-1</sup> for the highest conducting sample, relative standard deviation 35 – 50% across all samples) and up to 128 meV for the activation barriers (198 – 326 meV, relative standard deviation 5 – 15%, across all samples), presenting the necessity of a more rigorous methodology including further collaborations within the community and multiplicate measurements.</p>

Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheets for Highly-efficient Capacitive K-ion and Zn-ion Storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamin Zhang ◽  
Zhongpu Wang ◽  
Deping Li ◽  
Qing Sun ◽  
Kangrong Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Ion Storage

<p></p><p>Porous carbon has attracted extensive attentions as the electrode material for various energy storage devices considering its advantages like high theoretical capacitance/capacity, high conductivity, low cost and earth abundant inherence. However, there still exists some disadvantages limiting its further applications, such as the tedious fabrication process, limited metal-ion transport kinetics and undesired structure deformation at harsh electrochemical conditions. Herein, we report a facile strategy, with calcium gluconate firstly reported as the carbon source, to fabricate ultrathin porous carbon nanosheets. <a>The as-prepared Ca-900 electrode delivers excellent K-ion storage performance including high reversible capacity (430.7 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>), superior rate capability (154.8 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at an ultrahigh current density of 5.0 A g<sup>-1</sup>) and ultra-stable long-term cycling stability (a high capacity retention ratio of ~81.2% after 4000 cycles at 1.0 A g<sup>-1</sup>). </a>Similarly, when being applied in Zn-ion capacitors, the Ca-900 electrode also exhibits an ultra-stable cycling performance with ~90.9% capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 1.0 A g<sup>-1</sup>, illuminating the applicable potentials. Moreover, the origin of the fast and smooth metal-ion storage is also revealed by carefully designed consecutive CV measurements. Overall, considering the facile preparation strategy, unique structure, application flexibility and in-depth mechanism investigations, this work will deepen the fundamental understandings and boost the commercialization of high-efficient energy storage devices like potassium-ion/sodium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries/capacitors and aluminum-ion batteries.</p><br><p></p>

Further Evidence for Energy Landscape Flattening in the Superionic Argyrodites Li6+xP1−xMxS5I (M = Si, Ge, Sn)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneyuki Ohno ◽  
Bianca Helm ◽  
Till Fuchs ◽  
Georg Dewald ◽  
Marvin Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Activation Barrier ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Ion Conductor ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Sudden Decrease

<p>All-solid-state batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. Although the list of candidate materials for solid electrolytes has grown in the past decade, there are still many open questions concerning the mechanisms behind ionic migration in materials. In particular, the lithium thiophosphate family of materials has shown very promising properties for solid-state battery applications. Recently, the Ge-substituted Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>I argyrodite was shown to be a very fast Li-ion conductor, despite the poor ionic conductivity of the unsubstituted Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>I. Therein, the conductivity was enhanced by over three orders of magnitude due to the emergence of I<sup>−</sup>/S<sup>2−</sup>exchange, <i>i.e.</i>site-disorder, which led to a sudden decrease of the activation barrier with a concurrent flattening of the energy landscapes. Inspired by this work, two series of elemental substitutions in Li<sub>6+<i>x</i></sub>P<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub><i>M<sub>x</sub></i>S<sub>5</sub>I (<i>M</i>= Si and Sn) were investigated in this study and compared to the Ge-analogue. A sharp reduction in the activation energy was observed at the same <i>M</i><sup>4+</sup>/P<sup>5+</sup>composition as previously found in the Ge-analogue, suggesting a more general mechanism at play. Furthermore, structural analyses with X-ray and neutron diffraction indicate that similar changes in the Li-sublattice occur despite a significant variation in the size of the substituents, suggesting that in the argyrodites, the lithium substructure is most likely influenced by the occurring Li<sup>+</sup>– Li<sup>+</sup>interactions. This work provides further evidence that the energy landscape of ionic conductors can be tailored by inducing local disorder.</p>

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