Alternative functions of CRISPR–Cas systems in the evolutionary arms race

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prarthana Mohanraju ◽  
Chinmoy Saha ◽  
Peter van Baarlen ◽  
Rogier Louwen ◽  
Raymond H. J. Staals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Coevolving Predator and Prey Robots: Do “Arms Races” Arise in Artificial Evolution?

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Nolfi ◽  
Dario Floreano
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Robotics ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Artificial Evolution ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race ◽  
Adaptive Power ◽  
Competing Populations

Coevolution (i.e., the evolution of two or more competing populations with coupled fitness) has several features that may potentially enhance the power of adaptation of artificial evolution. In particular, as discussed by Dawkins and Krebs [3], competing populations may reciprocally drive one another to increasing levels of complexity by producing an evolutionary “arms race.” In this article we will investigate the role of coevolution in the context of evolutionary robotics. In particular, we will try to understand in what conditions coevolution can lead to “arms races.” Moreover, we will show that in some cases artificial coevolution has a higher adaptive power than simple evolution. Finally, by analyzing the dynamics of coevolved populations, we will show that in some circumstances well-adapted individuals would be better advised to adopt simple but easily modifiable strategies suited for the current competitor strategies rather than incorporate complex and general strategies that may be effective against a wide range of opposing counter-strategies.

scholarly journals Insect egg‐killing: a new front on the evolutionary arms‐race between brassicaceous plants and pierid butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Griese ◽  
Lotte Caarls ◽  
Niccolò Bassetti ◽  
Setareh Mohammadin ◽  
Patrick Verbaarschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Insect Egg ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals The evolutionary arms race between transposable elements and piRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Luo ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yuange Duan ◽  
Xinmin Yao ◽  
Andrew G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Fruits, frugivores and the evolutionary arms race

2002 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

How to win an evolutionary arms race

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Somayaji
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Interferons and viruses: an evolutionary arms race of molecular interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann ◽  
William M. Schneider ◽  
Charles M. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals The Evolutionary Histories of Antiretroviral Proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5 Do Not Support an Evolutionary Arms Race in Primates

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (18) ◽  
pp. 8085-8089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Murrell ◽  
Thomas Vollbrecht ◽  
John Guatelli ◽  
Joel O. Wertheim
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Restriction Factor ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Host Restriction ◽  
Host Restriction Factor ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTMolecular evolutionary arms races between viruses and their hosts are important drivers of adaptation. These Red Queen dynamics have been frequently observed in primate retroviruses and their antagonists, host restriction factor genes, such as APOBEC3F/G, TRIM5-α, SAMHD1, and BST-2. Host restriction factors have experienced some of the most intense and pervasive adaptive evolution documented in primates. Recently, two novel host factors, SERINC3 and SERINC5, were identified as the targets of HIV-1 Nef, a protein crucial for the optimal infectivity of virus particles. Here, we compared the evolutionary fingerprints of SERINC3 and SERINC5 to those of other primate restriction factors and to a set of other genes with diverse functions. SERINC genes evolved in a manner distinct from the canonical arms race dynamics seen in the other restriction factors. Despite their antiviral activity against HIV-1 and other retroviruses, SERINC3 and SERINC5 have a relatively uneventful evolutionary history in primates.IMPORTANCERestriction factors are host proteins that block viral infection and replication. Many viruses, like HIV-1 and related retroviruses, evolved accessory proteins to counteract these restriction factors. The importance of these interactions is evidenced by the intense adaptive selection pressures that dominate the evolutionary histories of both the host and viral genes involved in this so-called arms race. The dynamics of these arms races can point to mechanisms by which these viral infections can be prevented. Two human genes, SERINC3 and SERINC5, were recently identified as targets of an HIV-1 accessory protein important for viral infectivity. Unexpectedly, we found that these SERINC genes, unlike other host restriction factor genes, show no evidence of a recent evolutionary arms race with viral pathogens.

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