scholarly journals Investigation of structural proteins in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) body wall

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchao Wang ◽  
Mo Tian ◽  
Yaoguang Chang ◽  
Changhu Xue ◽  
Zhaojie Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Component Map

Abstract Structural proteins play critical roles in the food quality, especially texture properties, of sea cucumbers and their products. Most of the previous studies on sea cucumbers focused on few individual proteins, which limited our understanding of how structural proteins influenced the quality of sea cucumbers. Inspired by the clarification of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) genome, we established an integrated data of structural proteins in the sea cucumber body wall. A portfolio of 2018 structural proteins was screened out from the sea cucumber annotated proteome by bioinformatics analysis. The portfolio was divided into three divisions, including extracellular matrix proteins, muscle proteins, and proteases, and further classified into 18 categories. The presence of 472 proteins in the sea cucumber body wall was confirmed by using a proteomics approach. Moreover, comparative proteomics analysis revealed the spatial distribution heterogeneity of structural proteins in the sea cucumber body wall at a molecular scale. This study suggested that future researches on sea cucumbers could be performed from an integrated perspective, which would reshape the component map of sea cucumber and provide novel insights into the understanding of how the food quality of sea cucumber was determined on a molecular level.

scholarly journals Effects of chronic dietary hexavalent chromium on bioaccumulation and immune responses in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixia Chan ◽  
Fuqiang Wang ◽  
Lidong Shi ◽  
Xue Ren ◽  
Tongjun Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Wet Weight

ABSTRACTSea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (3.54 ± 0.01 g of wet weight) were exposed to five concentrations of dietary hexavalent chromium [0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg Cr6+/kg dry weight] amended with K2Cr2O7 for 30 days. The bioaccumulation and immune responses [antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); hydrolytic enzymes: acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)] of sea cucumbers were subsequently evaluated. This study found that the order of Cr accumulation in the experimental tissues was respiratory tree > intestine > body wall. Significantly lower SOD activities occurred in the 400 mg/kg group compared to that in the control group. Higher dietary Cr6+ exposure (400 and 800 mg Cr6+ /kg dry weight) did not negatively alter the CAT activities, but significantly inhibited CAT activities in 100 mg/kg group, compared to control group. ACP activities in groups 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg were significantly lower than those in control group, while no significant differences occurred in AKP activities among groups. The present study provides important information into the bioaccumulation and immune responses of the sea cucumber A. japonicus in response to chronic dietary Cr6+ exposure.

Fatty acid component in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from different tissues and habitats

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinzeng Xu ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xuelei Zhang ◽  
Quancai Peng ◽  
Hongsheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Benthic Food

Fatty acids (FA) are a non-protein energy source and can act as trophic biomarkers in benthic food webs. We analysed the FA profiles of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, comparing tissues of body wall, gut sediment and ovaries in two habitats. Rongcheng Bay: kelp raft cultivation area with high organic matter in sediment; Laoshan Bay: strong current with low sediment organic matter. The results showed that body wall and ovary tissues were rich in long chain polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA), which contributed ~31% to the FA dissimilarity between the two tissues. SIMPER (similarity percentages routine) results showed that C20:5ω3 (EPA), C18:1ω7, C20:4ω6 (AA), C16:0, C14:1 and C20:1ω11 contributed to dissimilarity between the body wall and ovary tissues, while 16:1ω7, 20:5ω3, C16:0, C18:1ω7, C18:0 and C14:1 contributed more to the dissimilarity of body wall tissues between the two habitats. FA biomarkers showed that sea cucumbers from the two habitats had different food sources, with brown kelp and vascular plants being the main food for sea cucumbers in Rongcheng and diatoms for those in Laoshan. To better understand differences in FA composition in sea cucumbers, more research is needed examining a wider diversity of tissue types and habitats.

Effect of moisture status on the stability of thermal gels from the body wall of sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus )

LWT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hu Hou ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Bafang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
The Stability

Effectiveness of two tagging devices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras ◽  
Julián López-Morell ◽  
Alberto M. Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Studies

A reliable and harmless mark–recapture method provides valuable information for the management of commercial sea cucumber species. Nevertheless, marking and tracking sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult and represents a serious challenge. In this study, we tested one external and one internal tag in the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag was inserted into the coelomic cavity in one treatment, whereas a T-bar (external tag) was attached in the upper surface of the body wall in the other treatment; sea cucumbers were then followed for 17 weeks. The tagging procedure caused no evisceration in the experimental groups, nor was a significant difference in growth rate found between treatments. The retention of the PIT tag was low, with 100% lost by Week 9. Retention of T-bars was higher, with 90% still attached by the end of the Week 8, but retention decreased thereafter as T-bar absorption increased. No relationship was found between initial weight and the number of weeks PIT tags (r=–0.173, P=0.781) or T-bars (r=–0.220, P=0.652) were retained. Neither the T-bar nor the PIT tags fulfilled the requirements of high retention required for long-term studies. However, we do recommend the use of T-bars for short-term studies for H. grisea under laboratory conditions or in a habitat with low substrate complexity.

scholarly journals Effects of heat treatment on the gel properties of the body wall of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Hu Hou ◽  
Lin Bu ◽  
Bafang Li ◽  
Changhu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gel Properties

scholarly journals Tracking the dynamics of individual gut microbiome of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during gut regeneration

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10260
Author(s):  
Yohei Yamazaki ◽  
Yuichi Sakai ◽  
Juanwen Yu ◽  
Sayaka Mino ◽  
Tomoo Sawabe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Sea Cucumbers

Sea cucumbers possess the remarkable capacity to regenerate their body parts or organs. Regeneration of host organs and/or body parts involves reconstruction of the host associated microbiota, however, the dynamics and contribution of microbiota to the regeneration process are largely unknown due to a lack of experimental models. To track the dynamics of individual gut microbiomes during gut regeneration, both caged mariculture and laboratory isolator systems of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) were developed and longitudinal meta16S analyses were performed. Under natural environmental conditions in the caged mariculture system, both bacterial and eukaryotic communities in sea cucumbers’ guts appeared to be reconstructed within 4 months after evisceration. Using the laboratory isolator, which can trace daily dynamics, we found that fecal microbiota collected before evisceration were clearly different from those collected after evisceration. We also identified eight key bacteria, belonging to Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Oceanospirillaceae and family-unassigned Gammaproteobacteria, suggesting that these bacteria might interact with the host during the gut regeneration process. Six of the eight key bacteria were isolated for further bioassay using the isolator developed in this study to test whether these isolates affect gut regeneration.

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