scholarly journals Evolution of respiratory syncytial virus genotype BA in Kilifi, Kenya, 15 years on

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Everlyn Kamau ◽  
James R. Otieno ◽  
Clement S. Lewa ◽  
Anthony Mwema ◽  
Nickson Murunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Population ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Discrete Location ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognised as a leading cause of severe acute respiratory disease and deaths among infants and vulnerable adults. Clinical RSV isolates can be divided into several known genotypes. RSV genotype BA, characterised by a 60-nucleotide duplication in the G glycoprotein gene, emerged in 1999 and quickly disseminated globally replacing other RSV group B genotypes. Continual molecular epidemiology is critical to understand the evolutionary processes maintaining the success of the BA viruses. We analysed 735 G gene sequences from samples collected from paediatric patients in Kilifi, Kenya, between 2003 and 2017. The virus population comprised of several genetically distinct variants (n = 56) co-circulating within and between epidemics. In addition, there was consistent seasonal fluctuations in relative genetic diversity. Amino acid changes increasingly accumulated over the surveillance period including two residues (N178S and Q180R) that mapped to monoclonal antibody 2D10 epitopes, as well as addition of putative N-glycosylation sequons. Further, switching and toggling of amino acids within and between epidemics was observed. On a global phylogeny, the BA viruses from different countries form geographically isolated clusters suggesting substantial localized variants. This study offers insights into longitudinal population dynamics of a globally endemic RSV genotype within a discrete location.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus genotypes NA1, ON1, and BA9 are prevalent in Thailand, 2012–2015

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilada Thongpan ◽  
John Mauleekoonphairoj ◽  
Preeyaporn Vichiwattana ◽  
Sumeth Korkong ◽  
Rujipat Wasitthankasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Glycoprotein Gene ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide. To investigate the RSV burden in Thailand over four consecutive years (January 2012 to December 2015), we screened 3,306 samples obtained from children ≤5 years old with acute respiratory tract infection using semi-nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In all, 8.4% (277/3,306) of the specimens tested positive for RSV, most of which appeared in the rainy months of July to November. We then genotyped RSV by sequencing the G glycoprotein gene and performed phylogenetic analysis to determine the RSV antigenic subgroup. The majority (57.4%, 159/277) of the RSV belonged to subgroup A (RSV-A), of which NA1 genotype was the most common in 2012 while ON1 genotype became prevalent the following year. Among samples tested positive for RSV-B subgroup B (RSV-B) (42.6%, 118/277), most were genotype BA9 (92.6%, 87/94) with some BA10 and BA-C. Predicted amino acid sequence from the partial G region showed highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site at residue N237 among all RSV-A ON1 strains (68/68), and at residues N296 (86/87) and N310 (87/87) among RSV-B BA9 strains. Positive selection of key residues combined with notable sequence variations on the G gene contributed to the continued circulation of this rapidly evolving virus.

scholarly journals Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. VIEIRA ◽  
Klaus E. STEWIEN ◽  
Divina A. O. QUEIROZ ◽  
Edison L. DURIGON ◽  
Thomas J. TÖRÖK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinical Patterns ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

The respiratory viruses are recognized as the most frequent lower respiratory tract pathogens for infants and young children in developed countries but less is known for developing populations. The authors conducted a prospective study to evaluate the occurrence, clinical patterns, and seasonal trends of viral infections among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract disease (Group A). The presence of respiratory viruses in children's nasopharyngeal was assessed at admission in a pediatric ward. Cell cultures and immunofluorescence assays were used for viral identification. Complementary tests included blood and pleural cultures conducted for bacterial investigation. Clinical data and radiological exams were recorded at admission and throughout the hospitalization period. To better evaluate the results, a non- respiratory group of patients (Group B) was also constituted for comparison. Starting in February 1995, during a period of 18 months, 414 children were included- 239 in Group A and 175 in Group B. In Group A, 111 children (46.4%) had 114 viruses detected while only 5 children (2.9%) presented viruses in Group B. Respiratory Syncytial Virus was detected in 100 children from Group A (41.8%), Adenovirus in 11 (4.6%), Influenza A virus in 2 (0.8%), and Parainfluenza virus in one child (0.4%). In Group A, aerobic bacteria were found in 14 cases (5.8%). Respiratory Syncytial Virus was associated to other viruses and/or bacteria in six cases. There were two seasonal trends for Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases, which peaked in May and June. All children affected by the virus were younger than 3 years of age, mostly less than one year old. Episodic diffuse bronchial commitment and/or focal alveolar condensation were the clinical patterns more often associated to Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases. All children from Group A survived. In conclusion, it was observed that Respiratory Syncytial Virus was the most frequent pathogen found in hospitalized children admitted for severe respiratory diseases. Affected children were predominantly infants and boys presenting bronchiolitis and focal pneumonias. Similarly to what occurs in other subtropical regions, the virus outbreaks peak in the fall and their occurrence extends to the winter, which parallels an increase in hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Type A Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Based on Direct F Gene Sequencing

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daifullah Al Aboud ◽  
Nora M. Al Aboud ◽  
Mater I. R. Al-Malky ◽  
Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Escape Mutant ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background and objectives: The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is among the important respiratory pathogens affecting children. Genotype-specific attachment (G) gene sequencing is usually used to determine the virus genotype. The reliability of the fusion (F) gene vs. G gene genotype-specific sequencing was screened. Materials and Methods: Archival RNA from Saudi children who tested positive for hRSV-A were used. Samples were subjected to a conventional one-step RT-PCR for both F and G genes and direct gene sequencing of the amplicons using the same primer sets. Phylogeny and mutational analysis of the obtained sequences were conducted. Results: The generic primer set succeeded to amplify target gene sequences. The phylogenetic tree based on partial F gene sequencing resulted in an efficient genotyping of hRSV-A strains equivalent to the partial G gene genotyping method. NA1, ON1, and GA5 genotypes were detected in the clinical samples. The latter was detected for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Different mutations in both conserved and escape-mutant domains were detected in both F and G. Conclusion: It was concluded that a partial F gene sequence can be used efficiently for hRSV-A genotyping.

Genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus group B identified in Uruguay

2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blanc ◽  
A. Delfraro ◽  
S. Frabasile ◽  
J. Arbiza
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Group ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Circulation of a novel human respiratory syncytial virus Group B genotype during the 2014–2015 season in Catalonia (Spain)

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97.e5-97.e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gimferrer ◽  
C. Andrés ◽  
M. Campins ◽  
M.G. Codina ◽  
J.A. Rodrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Group ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B
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