scholarly journals Analysis of paint traces to determine the ship responsible for a collision

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee ◽  
D. Lee ◽  
J. M. Seo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
Derivative Thermogravimetry ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAlthough there have been many instances of ship collision at sea in recent times, not much research has been conducted on the topic. In this study, paint from an actual site of ship collision was collected and analyzed as evidence. The amount of evidence collected from the ships involved in the collision is either small or has inconsistent morphology. In addition, the contaminants and samples are often mixed in this evidence, making its analysis difficult. Paint traces of the damaged ship and the ship suspected to be responsible for the collision were compared through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) analyses. The ship responsible for the collision could be identified by characterization and by performing a comparative analysis of the extracted paint. Among the methods used in this study, Py–GC/MS can sensitively analyze even similar paints, and identified styrene and phthalic anhydride as the most prominent components of the paint used as evidence. The results obtained can be used to investigate the evidence collected from collision sites and to determine the ship responsible for the collision.

The flame retardancy and pyrolysis mechanism of polyimide fibers investigated by cone calorimeter and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiansheng Zhang ◽  
Xiong Yan ◽  
Meiwu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polyimide Fibers ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present research, the flame retardancy and pyrolysis mechanism of polyimide fibers were investigated by cone calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. As it turned out, the polyimide fibers possessed excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy. The onset thermal degradation temperature ( Tonset 10%) of polyimide was 587℃ and 610℃ at nitrogen and air atmospheres, respectively. The polyimide fibers cannot be ignited at the heat flux of 35 and 50 kW/m2, while they can be ignited at the heat flux of 75 kW/m2 with the time to ignition of 33 s and peak heat release rate of 53.4 kW/m2. Moreover, the flame retardancy of woven and knitted fabrics was also discussed, which demonstrated that knitted fabric was easier to become thermally thick than woven fabric. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the residual chars of fibers showed that the shape of fiber can be maintained irrespective of heat flux, but the chemical structure of the fiber was destroyed at the heat flux of 75 kW/m2. The pyrolysis combustible volatiles at 700℃ include benzonitrile, aniline, and phenol, which can interpret the ignition of polyimide fibers. The results obtained in the present research revealed the flame retardancy and pyrolysis mechanism of polyimide fibers, which can guide its application and further modification.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Multi-Analytical Investigations on the Vietnamese lacquered Wall-Panel “The Return of the Hunters” by Jean Dunand

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Pintus ◽  
Anthony J. Baragona ◽  
Karin Wieland ◽  
Michael Schilling ◽  
Silvia Miklin-Kniefacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inorganic Pigments ◽  
Wall Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThis work presents a comprehensive, multi-analytical scientific approach for determining the type of lacquer and artistic materials used by Jean Dunand on his work “The Return of the Hunters” (1935). For this purpose, thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation – gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (THM-GC/MS), optical microscopy (OM) in visible (Vis) and ultraviolet light (UV), and scanning electron microscopy - energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were selected. Furthermore, a novel application of micro attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (µATR-FTIR) spectroscopic mapping by univariate and multivariate analysis was applied for studying the complex lacquer paint stratigraphy. The results show that Vietnamese lacquer was used as a binder, mixed together with linseed oil and pine resins as additives in combination with inorganic pigments, and that shellac was included on the top of the paint; they document an important step in the story of the transfer of Vietnamese lacquer painting techniques to Europe.

Nitrogen Configuration of Polybenzoxazine Carbide

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huachuan Zhang ◽  
Wu Gu ◽  
Rongqi Zhu ◽  
Qichao Ran ◽  
Yi Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Amine Nitrogen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pyridinic Nitrogen

AbstractCarbon materials should have specific centers for its functionalities. In this study, the specific centers of polybenzoxazine carbides were studied for the first time. Three classical benzoxazine monomers were chose as the object. The transformation of nitrogen configuration of polybenzoxazines carbides was characterized via pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the tertiary amine nitrogen converted to pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen incorporated in graphene residuals during the carbonization, which were the specific centers for the functionality.

X-Ray Chemical Analysis of an YBa2Cu3OxThin Film by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Total-Reflection-Angle X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-TRAXS)

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (Part 2, No. 12A) ◽  
pp. L2032-L2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Usui ◽  
Yuji Aoki ◽  
Masayuki Kamei ◽  
Hiromi Takahashi ◽  
Tadataka Morishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reflection Angle ◽  
Scanning Electron
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