scholarly journals Optimization of training and measurement protocol for eNose analysis of urine headspace aimed at prostate cancer diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Capelli ◽  
Carmen Bax ◽  
Fabio Grizzi ◽  
Gianluigi Taverna
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Conditioning Temperature ◽  
Urine Volatiles

AbstractMore than one million new cases of prostate cancer (PCa) were reported worldwide in 2020, and a significant increase of PCa incidence up to 2040 is estimated. Despite potential treatability in early stages, PCa diagnosis is challenging because of late symptoms’ onset and limits of current screening procedures. It has been now accepted that cell transformation leads to release of volatile organic compounds in biologic fluids, including urine. Thus, several studies proposed the possibility to develop new diagnostic tools based on urine analysis. Among these, electronic noses (eNoses) represent one of the most promising devices, because of their potential to provide a non-invasive diagnosis. Here we describe the approach aimed at defining the experimental protocol for eNose application for PCa diagnosis. Our research investigates effects of sample preparation and analysis on eNose responses and repeatability. The dependence of eNose diagnostic performance on urine portion analysed, techniques involved for extracting urine volatiles and conditioning temperature were analysed. 192 subjects (132 PCa patients and 60 controls) were involved. The developed experimental protocol has resulted in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 83% (CI95% 77–89), 82% (CI95% 73–88) and 87% (CI95% 75–94), respectively. Our findings define eNoses as valuable diagnostic tool allowing rapid and non-invasive PCa diagnosis.

Potentiometric multisensor system as a possible simple tool for non-invasive prostate cancer diagnostics through urine analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Solovieva ◽  
Mikhail Karnaukh ◽  
Vitaly Panchuk ◽  
Evgeny Andreev ◽  
Liudmila Kartsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Multisensor System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Simple Tool

scholarly journals Analysis of energy and major components in chromatographic signals for the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Respuestas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Ángelo Joseph Soto Vergel ◽  
Luis Enrique Mendoza ◽  
Byron Medina Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Noise Elimination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The prostate exam is an early detection tool to prevent prostate cancer and the main diagnostic tools for obtaining signs are generally invasive. This article tries chromatographic signals from the urine of prostate cancer patients and control patients as a non-invasive examination proposal. For this purpose, methodologically, urine samples are taken, digitized in chromatograms, treated with mathematical techniques and classified. The mathematical techniques are time normalization, dead time elimination, baseline correction, noise elimination, and peak alignment. Classification techniques analyze energy, in the domain of time and frequency, and the main components in sedimentation graphs and scores. As a result, the chromatographic signal is characterized and identifies the characteristic curve that represents the signal of prostate cancer patients and control patients. The data structure shows a cluster distribution of 88.88% of the vectors for the control patients. In the case of prostate cancer patients, the distribution of data is in clusters around the area defined by control patients. This characterization demarcates signal classification regions to diagnose possible prostate cancer patients, validating the relationship between the chromatographic signal and cancer.

scholarly journals Drift compensation on electronic nose data for non-invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer by urine analysis

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 103622
Author(s):  
Carmen Bax ◽  
Stefano Prudenza ◽  
Giulia Gaspari ◽  
Laura Capelli ◽  
Fabio Grizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Drift Compensation

scholarly journals Microbiota and cancer (review of literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
M. F. Vecherkovskaya ◽  
G. V. Tetz ◽  
V. V. Tetz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Review

Article presents current data on the contribution of the human microbiota to the development of oncological conditions, microbial impact on cell transformation, influence on chemotherapy outcome. Brief description of the methods used for studying microbiota in carcinogenesis as well as prospects of creating non-invasive diagnostic tools is given.

E-Nose Urine Analysis for Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Focus on Data Processing for Drift Compensation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Bax ◽  
Stefano Prudenza ◽  
Giulia Gaspari ◽  
Laura Capelli ◽  
Fabio Grizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Drift Compensation

scholarly journals Integrin Alpha V in Urine: A Novel Noninvasive Marker for Prostate Cancer Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Zemskova ◽  
Maria V. Marinets ◽  
Andrey V. Sivkov ◽  
Julia V. Pavlova ◽  
Andrey N. Shibaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarker ◽  
Benign Prostate

Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis based on patient urine analysis provides non-invasive and promising method as compared to biopsy and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. This study was conceived to investigate whether Integrin alpha V (ITGAV) protein is present in urine and assess the urinary ITGAV diagnostic potential for PCa. Materials and Methods: Urinary ITGAV expression was determined by Western blot analysis and quantified by ELISA in urine from men with PCa (n = 47), benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 42) and age-matched controls (n = 22). Results: The level of ITGAV protein was significantly lower in PCa urine samples as compared to those in the control group (p < 0.00001). The decrease of ITGAV in urine was highly predictive of PCa with 91.5% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, 0.93 area under the ROC curve, and its specificity was better than that of serum PSA. Conclusion: Urinary ITGAV provides a novel noninvasive biomarker with high specificity.

Expression of Urokinase and Its Receptor in Invasive and Non-Invasive Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (06) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hollas ◽  
N Hoosein ◽  
L W K Chung ◽  
A Mazar ◽  
J Henkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Lncap Cells ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Non Invasive

SummaryWe previously reported that extracellular matrix invasion by the prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145 was contingent on endogenous urokinase being bound to a specific cell surface receptor. The present study was undertaken to characterize the expression of both urokinase and its receptor in the non-invasive LNCaP and the invasive PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cells. Northern blotting indicated that the invasive PC-3 cells, which secreted 10 times more urokinase (680 ng/ml per 106 cells per 48 h) than DU-145 cells (63 ng/ml per 106 cells per 48 h), had the most abundant transcript for the plasminogen activator. This, at least, partly reflected a 3 fold amplification of the urokinase gene in the PC-3 cells. In contrast, urokinase-specific transcript could not be detected in the non-invasive LNCaP cells previously characterized as being negative for urokinase protein. Southern blotting indicated that this was not a consequence of deletion of the urokinase gene. Crosslinking of radiolabelled aminoterminal fragment of urokinase to the cell surface indicated the presence of a 51 kDa receptor in extracts of the invasive PC-3 and DU-145 cells but not in extracts of the non-invasive LNCaP cells. The amount of binding protein correlated well with binding capacities calculated by Scatchard analysis. In contrast, the steady state level of urokinase receptor transcript was a poor predictor of receptor display. PC-3 cells, which were equipped with 25,000 receptors per cell had 2.5 fold more steady state transcript than DU-145 cells which displayed 93,000 binding sites per cell.

Non-Invasive Prediction of Prostate Cancer Gleason Scores via Radiomics Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Gong ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Mengjie Fang ◽  
Jian Zou ◽  
Shudong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Circulating miRNAs Related to Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitions (EMT) as the New Molecular Markers in Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 900-916
Author(s):  
Anna Zubrzycka ◽  
Monika Migdalska-Sęk ◽  
Sławomir Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Non Invasive

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus, most commonly in the peritoneal cavity. Endometriosis lesions are heterogenous but usually contain endometrial stromal cells and epithelial glands, immune cell infiltrates and are vascularized and innervated by nerves. The complex etiopathogenesis and heterogenity of the clinical symptoms, as well as the lack of a specific non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, underline the need for more advanced diagnostic tools. Unfortunately, the contribution of environmental, hormonal and immunological factors in the disease etiology is insufficient, and the contribution of genetic/epigenetic factors is still fragmentary. Therefore, there is a need for more focused study on the molecular mechanisms of endometriosis and non-invasive diagnostic monitoring systems. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate high stability and tissue specificity and play a significant role in modulating a range of molecular pathways, and hence may be suitable diagnostic biomarkers for the origin and development of endometriosis. Of these, the most frequently studied are those related to endometriosis, including those involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), whose expression is altered in plasma or endometriotic lesion biopsies; however, the results are ambiguous. Specific miRNAs expressed in endometriosis may serve as diagnostics markers with prognostic value, and they have been proposed as molecular targets for treatment. The aim of this review is to present selected miRNAs associated with EMT known to have experimentally confirmed significance, and discuss their utility as biomarkers in endometriosis.

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