scholarly journals Energetic characterization and radiographic analysis of torrefied coated MDF residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Gabriella Surdi de Castro ◽  
Vinícius Resende de Castro ◽  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Wood Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
Elementary Chemical

AbstractThe use of wood panel residues as biomass for energy production is feasible. Heat treatments can improve energy properties while minimizing the emission of toxic gases due to thermoset polymers used in Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) panels. Torrefaction or pre-carbonization, a heat treatment between 200 and 300 °C with low oxygen availability accumulates carbon and lignin, decreases hygroscopicity, and increases energy efficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy parameters (immediate, structural, and elementary chemical composition, moisture content, and yield) and density in torrefied MDF panels. The torrefaction improved the energetic features of coated MDF, decreasing the moisture content, volatile matter, and consequently, concentrating the carbon with better results in the samples torrefied for 40 min. The densitometric profiles of the torrefied MDF, obtained by X-ray densitometry, showed a decrease in the apparent density as torrefaction time increased. The digital X-ray images in gray and rainbow scale enabled the most detailed study of the density variation of MDF residues.

scholarly journals Elementary chemical analysis in leaves infected by fumagina by X-Ray fluorescence technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sélia Blonski ◽  
Carlos Roberto Appoloni ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Parreira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Arruda Aragão ◽  
Virgilio Franco Nascimento Filho
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Energy Dispersion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Elementary Chemical ◽  
Cu And Zn

Energy Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence Technique (EDXRF) was employed to study the effects of the fumagina disease on the elementary chemical composition of the leaves. The experimental set up consisted of a Mo X-ray tube (Ksub<FONT FACE=Symbol>µ</FONT> = 17.44 keV) with Zr filter and a Si (Li) detector. The measurements were performed with the infected and healthy leaves of citric plants. The elements Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were quantified, with an average DL of 69, 12, 8, 4 and 4 µg.g-1 respectively. The obtained concentration for Fe varied from 44 to 192 µg.g-1 in healthy leaves and from 363 to 704 µg.g-1 in infected leaves with fumagina .

Powder data for potassium sodium silicate Na1.3K0.7Si2O5

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Sakaguchi ◽  
Ichiro Sakamoto ◽  
Ryuichi Akagi ◽  
Hideo Toraya
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Crystallographic Data ◽  
Powder Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Pattern Decomposition

X-ray powder diffraction data for a new potassium sodium silicate Na1.3K0.7Si2O5are reported. The sample was prepared by calcining a mixture of NaOH, KOH, and sodium silicate (SiO2/Na2O=3.54, moisture content=60%) at 873 K for 2 h. The crystallographic data obtained by using the whole-powder-pattern decomposition method are Na1.3K0.7Si2O5, monoclinic, P21/c, a=4.8426(1) Å,b= 8.6892(2) Å,c= 11.9686(3) Å,β=90.373(2)°,V=503.60(2) Å3,Z=4,Dx= 2.51 g/cm3.

Purification, Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Goat (Capra hircus) Hemoglobin - A Low Oxygen Affinity Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnuraj Moorthy ◽  
Kamariah Neelagandan ◽  
Moovarkumudalvan Balasubramanian ◽  
Mondikalipudur Ponnuswamy
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hemoglobin A ◽  
Low Oxygen Affinity

Long-term Room Temperature Instability in Thermal Conductivity of InGaZnO Thin Films

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (22) ◽  
pp. 1631-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boya Cui ◽  
D. Bruce Buchholz ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Michael Bedzyk ◽  
Robert P. H. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
3Ω Method ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTThe cross-plane thermal conductivities of InGaZnO (IGZO) thin films in different morphologies were measured on three occasions within 19 months, using the 3ω method at room temperature 300 K. Amorphous (a-), semi-crystalline (semi-c-) and crystalline (c-) IGZO films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for evaluation of film quality and crystallinity. Semi-c-IGZO shows the highest thermal conductivity, even higher than the most ordered crystal-like phase. After being stored in dry low-oxygen environment for months, a drastic decrease of semi-c-IGZO thermal conductivity was observed, while the thermal conductivity slightly reduced in c-IGZO and remained unchanged in a-IGZO. This change in thermal conductivity with storage time can be attributed to film structural relaxation and vacancy diffusion to grain boundaries.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Woody Cutting Waste Briquette with Paper Waste Pulp as Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida Okta Arifianti ◽  
Azmi Alvian Gabriel ◽  
Syarif Hidayatulloh ◽  
Kuntum Khoiro Ummatin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Iron Mold

The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg–1 to 4 993 kCal kg–1. The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽  
Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽  
Listiana Satiawati ◽  
Thariq Madani ◽  
Teuku Ananda Rizky
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
A Value ◽  
Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste<br />with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter<br />content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of<br />briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a<br />literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives<br />specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for<br />what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable,<br />namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian<br />skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this<br />paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of<br />the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further<br />research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of<br />coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was<br />obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value<br />The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of<br />37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the<br />highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of<br />20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste,<br />namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut<br />husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a<br />mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

Predicting Density and Moisture Content of Populus xiangchengensis and Phyllostachys edulis using the X-Ray Computed Tomography Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Qingping Wang ◽  
Xing'e Liu ◽  
Shumin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Ct Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ct Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
X Ray Computed

Abstract Density (D) and moisture content (MC) are two important physical properties of wood and bamboo, which are highly correlated with many other physical and mechanical properties. In this study, the X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique was used to determine the D and MC of poplar (Populus xiangchengensis) and bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). There was a statistically significant difference in the CT-measured numbers for D and MC between these species. The D-CT and MC-CT linear models for both species were independently established: Dpoplar = 0.00098 × H + 1.02603, Dbamboo = 0.00118 × H + 0.98684, MCpoplar = 0.00309 × H + 1.89982, and MCbamboo = 0.00131 × H + 0.31488, where H is the CT number. The determination coefficients, R2, of the models were all higher than 0.97. Additionally, the R2 values obtained for model validation were also all higher than 0.97. These results indicated that it is feasible to reliably determine D and MC of wood and bamboo using the X-ray CT technique. This study aims to provide reference data for CT detection of the D and MC of wood and bamboo.

scholarly journals Physics of Relativistic Jets on Sub-Milliarcsecond Scales

1984 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Martin J. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Relativistic Jets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Extended Sources ◽  
Vlbi Data

The observed superluminal components have (deprojected) lengths of ~ 1020 cm, and imply relativistic bulk motions on these scales. There are, however, persuasive reasons for attributing the primary energy production to scales 1014–1015 cm. Moreover, the initial bifurcation and collimation must also be imposed on these small scales if the long-term stability of the jet axis in extended sources is due to the gyroscopic effect of a spinning black hole (Rees 1978). The issues I shall address in this talk are: how the jet gets from ~ 1015cm to ~ 1019 cm; and what VLBI data can tell us about the properties of galactic nuclei on scales below ~ 1019 cm — scales where optical and X-ray studies provide some evidence, but where there is no short-term hope of achieving spatial resolution.

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