scholarly journals Increasing selection gain and accuracy of harvest prediction models in Jatropha through genome-wide selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano dos Santos ◽  
Erina Vitório Rodrigues ◽  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractGenome-wide selection (GWS) has been becoming an essential tool in the genetic breeding of long-life species, as it increases the gain per time unit. This study had a hypothesis that GWS is a tool that can decrease the breeding cycle in Jatropha. Our objective was to compare GWS with phenotypic selection in terms of accuracy and efficiency over three harvests. Models were developed throughout the harvests to evaluate their applicability in predicting genetic values in later harvests. For this purpose, 386 individuals of the breeding population obtained from crossings between 42 parents were evaluated. The population was evaluated in random block design, with six replicates over three harvests. The genetic effects of markers were predicted in the population using 811 SNP's markers with call rate = 95% and minor allele frequency (MAF) > 4%. GWS enables gains of 108 to 346% over the phenotypic selection, with a 50% reduction in the selection cycle. This technique has potential for the Jatropha breeding since it allows the accurate obtaining of GEBV and higher efficiency compared to the phenotypic selection by reducing the time necessary to complete the selection cycle. In order to apply GWS in the first harvests, a large number of individuals in the breeding population are needed. In the case of few individuals in the population, it is recommended to perform a larger number of harvests.

scholarly journals Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic gains for growth traits in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Galhardo Godoy ◽  
Sebastião Carlos da Silva Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The objective of this study was the selection of superior genotypes for growth traits, correlating them to initial height growth in the field, at age eight months. A random block design was used in the nursery, with eight clones, three replicates and four plants per plot. And a random block design was also used in the field, with eight clones, four replicate blocks and nine plants per plot. Data being analyzed in the nursery at age 120 days included: height of field seedling, at age eight months (Hc), height of nursery seedling (Hm), root collar diameter (Dc), shoot diameter (Db), shoot dry matter (PMSPA), root dry matter (PMSR), total dry matter (PMST), ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter (PMSPA/PMSR), Dickson quality index of root collar diameter (IQD-Dc), Dickson quality index of shoot diameter (IQD-Db). Analyses of variance showed that significant genetic differences exist among clones for all traits and, given the high heritability values found, the estimated genetic gains were generically very high. As for predicted indirect genetic gain, selection in nursery seedlings for Dc, PMSPA/PMSR, IQD-Dc provided the highest values of indirect gain in field seedling height.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

scholarly journals Botanical and mineral composition of dominant wild forages for feeding of dairy goats in Payakumbuh Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Khalil ◽  
Imana Martaguri
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the diversity of forages that are usually consumed or fed to the dairy goats, (ii) to assess the mineral composition of dominant forages concerning the soil mineral status of growing areas. Eight dairy goat farms surveyed and collected forage samples to define the diversity and dominant forages used to feed the goat. Samples of three dominant forages (Asystasia gangetica, Axonopus compressus, and Panicum maximum) and soils were then collected in five different areas where the farmers usually derived the forages (banana plantation, idle lands, riverbanks, roadside, and rice field edge). Plant samples were collected by using a plate meter used for the calculation of botanical composition. Fresh samples were then chopped, dried, and then ground in meal form before analysis for dry matter (DM), and minerals of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and S. The same minerals were analyzed for soil samples. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design of 5x3 consisting of 3 plant species and five growing areas as replications. Data were statistically analyzed using correlation and variance analysis in Random Block Design (RBD). Results showed of the total about 45 types of plants commonly consumed by goats, there were three dominant species, i.e., P. maximum (38.60%), A. gangetica (24.23%), and A. compressus (17.23%). The Ca content of forages highly correlated with the Ca in the soils, while magnesium in the forage was negatively correlated with the magnesium in the soil. It was concluded that the dominant forages were found a good source of Ca and Mg but deficient phosphorus.

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize after harvest of the first ear as baby corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio L e Silva ◽  
Paulo Igor B e Silva ◽  
Ana Karenina F de Sousa ◽  
Kamila M Gurgel ◽  
Israel A Pereira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Female Inflorescence ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Corn Grain

Baby corn (BC) consists of the corn ear harvested two or three days after silk emergence. BC is a profitable crop, making possible a diversification of production, aggregation of value and increased income. Removing the first female inflorescence induces corn to produce others, making possible to produce several BC ears or, alternatively, BC (by harvesting the first ear) and green ears or grain. The objective of this work was to evaluate green ear yield and grain yield, after harvesting the first ear as BC. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was submitted to the following treatments, in a random block design with ten replicates (52 plants per plot): BC harvesting; green ear harvesting (grain moisture content between 60 and 70%); mature ear harvesting; BC harvesting and harvesting of other ears as green or mature ears. Marketable green ears yield or grain yield produced without removing the first inflorescence were superior to the green ears yield or grain yield produced after removal of the first inflorescence harvested as baby corn. Harvesting only the first ear as baby corn, and then harvesting green ears or the mature ears, provided lower baby corn yields than that obtained by harvesting all ears as baby corn. Economically, the best net revenues would be obtained by exploring the crop for the production of green ears, green ears + baby corn, baby corn, baby corn + grain, and grain, in this order.

scholarly journals DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF AMBROXOL HCl TABLET WITH ADDITIONAL VARIATIONS OF LUDIPRESS® AND LACTOSE USING THE DIRECT PRESS METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
RESMI MUSTARICHIE ◽  
DOLIH GOZALI ◽  
DRADJAD PRIAMBODO
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Dissolution Test ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

Objective: The drug will provide a therapeutic effect when dissolved so that it is easily absorbed. The process of dissolving drugs is called dissolution. Additional substances contained in pharmaceutical preparations, one of which serves to accelerate the solubility of active substances. The aim of this study was to obtain a comparative composition of Ludipress® and lactose additives suitable for producing ambroxol HCl tablets that met the ambroxol acceleration ambroxol in the body. Methods: Ambroxol HCl tablets were made by direct pressing method. For research purposes, 4 formulas with variations of Ludipress® and Lactose were designed. The tablet was then evaluated, which includes uniformity in weight, diameter, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. Data obtained in the analysis using the perfect random block design method (DBAS) with α = 0.05 where blocks and groups were used. Results: From the results of the Mass Printing Evaluation of Tablets, it was found that the four formulas that were designed met the resting angle, flow rate, real density, compressed density, and compressibility met existing requirements. The results of evaluation tablets, which included uniformity of weight, uniformity of size, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution test, were found that only F1 formula did not meet uniformity requirements. All four formulas meet the Indonesian pharmacopeia requirements for time of violence, fragility and disintegration. The dissolution test results showed that in the 45-minute test each percent dissolved concentration of the active substance for F1, F2, F3, and F4 was 58.77974, 66.91104, 80.09946, and 64.02293 suggesting only the F3 formula fulfilled the dissolution requirements according to European Pharmacopoeia which stated that the concentration of dissolved active tablets should not be less than 75% during the 45-minute test. Conclusion: The formula that met the solubility requirements consisted of an additional 69% Ludipress® and 10% lactose with a solubility value of 80.09%.

USE OF MOVING MEANS IN GRASS YIELD TRIALS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
T. F. TOWNLEY-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Type Intermediate

Analyses of data from three grasses of contrasting growth-type (intermediate wheatgrass, Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv.; Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch.; and Altai wild ryegrass, Elymus angustus Trin.), seeded in different row spacings, showed that the moving mean adjustment of plot yields prior to analysis gave improved control of the experimental error as compared to variance analysis of unadjusted values. The optimum number of adjacent plot yields to include in the moving mean varied widely from test to test as well as from year to year in the same test. Plant breeders may have to run several analyses to obtain the most accurate adjustment. However, this can be easily accomplished in one computer run by inserting appropriate values into the program. A lattice analysis made on several trials suggested that the lattice analysis and the use of the moving mean adjustment in a random block design were comparable in relative efficiency, but the moving mean adjustment in a random block design is more flexible in terms of number of lines that can be assessed.

scholarly journals LICURY CAKE IN LAMB FEED: CHARACTERISTICS OF CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Maria dos Santos ◽  
Juliana Dantas Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Francisco Allan Leandro de Carvalho ◽  
Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz ◽  
Sandra Mari Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Alternative Feeding ◽  
Different Levels

The use of alternative foods, such as agroindustrial residues, for animal feeding aims to reduce production costs and increase animal productivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of licury cake added to the diet of non-standardbred lambs (NSB). The study involved 20 male castrated NSB lambs, with an average age of 120±5 days and initial and final average weights of 25±2 kg and 34±2 kg, respectively; the lambs were kept in a feedlot and distributed in a completely random block design for 75 days. Three isonitrogenic diets (17% protein) with three levels of licury cake supplementation (8, 16 and 24%) and a control diet (0% licury cake) were used. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) concentrate in a 50:50 ratio and the different levels of licuri cake were provided twice a day. The residue normality and variances compared by orthogonal and polynomial regression contrasts were verified for data analysis at 5% significance. The licury cake levels did not influence (P>0.05) the dry matter intake, minimum and maximum fat thickness, empty gastrointestinal tract, spleen, heart, kidneys, anterior and posterior quarters, muscle yield, marbling, other tissues or ash. There was a quadratic effect (P<0.05) for the average daily weight, skin yield and crude protein. Increasing the levels of licury cake reduced (P<0.05) real yield, loin eye area, and increased (P<0.05) leg yield, bone and moisture. A diet including up to 13% licury cake can be indicated as an alternative feeding source for feedlot NSB sheep.

scholarly journals Evaluación de la calidad de la leche producida en cerdas lactantes con el uso de la vinaza

2016 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
María Caridad González Borlet ◽  
Lorenza De las Mercedes Hernández Labrada ◽  
Zoraya Rodríguez Alonso ◽  
Ramón Bocourt Salabarría ◽  
Narledio Castillo Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Evaluation of the quality of milk produced in lactating sows with the use of vinasse Resumen La investigación se realizó en la unidad porcina Osmany Guerrero Santos, perteneciente a la Empresa Porcina de Las Tunas, ubicada en la zona oriental de Cuba. Para el estudio se emplearon 22 cerdas reproductoras Yorkshire x Landrace de más de 6 partos, monitoreadas al entrar a maternidad de forma individual en corrales y jaulas individuales de construcción China, lactación de 28 a 33 días. Se utilizó la vinaza de la Destilería Antonio Guiteras de Las Tunas, como suplemento al pienso B. Los animales se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos, con un diseño de bloques al azar de 2 repeticiones para los indicadores lácticos. Con un control sin suplemento y el máximo nivel 4.6% consumió en el último tercio de la gestación y durante cuatro semanas, antes del parto y durante los 33 días de lactancia. La vinaza en la dieta de cerdas lactantes beneficia la calidad de la producción láctea. Palabras clave: cerdas; inmunidad; producción láctea; salud. Abstract The research was carried out in the swine unit Osmany Guerrero Santos, belonging to the Swine Company of Las Tunas, located in the eastern part of Cuba. For the study we used 22 Yorkshire x Landrace breeding sows of more than 6 births, monitored to enter an individual maternity in pens, and individual cages of Chinese construction, lactation from 28 to 33 days. The vinasse of the Antonio Guiteras de Las Tunas´ distillery was used as a supplement to feed B. The animals were distributed in four groups, with a random block design of 2 replicates for the lactic indicators. 4.6% consumed in the last third of gestation and during the four weeks, before the delivery and during the 33 days of lactation. The vinasse in the diet of the beers benefits from the quality of the dairy production. Keywords:  Sows; immunity; dairy production; health.

scholarly journals Dosis Npk Dan Konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Tidak Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica Juncea L.)

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muaz Munauwar ◽  
Sri Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Mustard Plant ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Random Block Design

The purpose of this research is to observe the dosage of natrium, phospor and kalium fertilizer and the concentration of Atonic Growth Regulators appropriate for the growth and production of mustard greens (Brassica juncea, L) is good, and interaction of both factors. This research was conducted in Batumbulan Asli Village, Babussalam Sub-district, Southeast Aceh Regency with its height ± 220 m above sea. This research done in December 2016-January 2017, using Random Block Design (RBD) Factorial, which consists of 2 (two) factors. The first factor is the dosage of fertilizer (N) consisting of 3 levels, N1 = 0.50 gr /plot, N2 = 1 gr/ plot and N3 = 1.5 gr / plot. The second factor is the concentration of Atonic Growth Atonic Growth Regulator (A) consisting of 3 levels, A1 = 0.50 cc / l water, A2 = 1 cc /l water and A3 = 1.5 cc /l water. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves and leaf area. The results reported that fertilizers did not significantly affect the growth, but there was a tendency where the fertilizers and growth regulator fertilizer could increase the growth of mustard plant

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