scholarly journals Genetic diversity for drought and low-phosphorus tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and donors adapted to rainfed drought-prone ecologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Roy ◽  
B. C. Verma ◽  
Amrita Banerjee ◽  
J. Kumar ◽  
Uday Sankar Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Phosphate Availability ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Low Phosphorus Tolerance ◽  
Rainfed Upland ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Hydroponic Study

AbstractDrought and phosphate availability are two major abiotic factors limiting productivity of rice in rainfed upland areas. There has been a constant need for new improved donor with tolerance to multiple abiotic stress conditions for rainfed rice breeding. In the present study, a set of 32 popular rice varieties and landraces were evaluated for drought and low-phosphorus (P) tolerance, and also characterized using grain yield under reproductive drought QTLs (DTY QTLs) and Pup1 linked/specific molecular markers. Twenty-seven genotypes were identified as tolerant to moderately tolerant to drought. The SSR markers linked to ten DTY QTLs classified the genotypes into two groups corresponding to aus and indica. The tolerant genotypes were distributed under both groups. Based on the core markers of Pup1 locus, complete tolerant haplotype was recorded in nine genotypes other than the tolerant check Dular. Nine more genotypes showed the incomplete tolerant haplotypes. The rice genotypes showed significantly high genetic variability for low-P tolerance in hydroponic study. A few genotypes revealed non-Pup1 type tolerance which needs further confirmation.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY IN FINE GRAIN AND AROMATIC LANDRACES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Hossain ◽  
M. G. Rasul ◽  
M. S. Ali ◽  
K. M. Iftekharuddaula ◽  
M. A. K. Mian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Dissimilarity Coefficients ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Local Genotypes ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity

A total of thirty microsatellite molecular markers were used across 21 rice genotypes for their characterization and discrimination. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three (RM165, RM219, RM248, RM463, RM470 and RM517) to nine (RM223), with an average of 4.53 alleles across the 30 loci obtained in the study. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.30 (RM219) to 0.84 (RM223) in all 30 loci. RM223 was found the best marker for the identification of 21 genotypes as revealed by PIC values. The frequency of the most common allele at each locus ranged from 24% (RM223 and RM334) to 81% (RM219). A two dimensional principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with 21 genotypes showed that the genotypes Supper Basmoti, Basmati370, BasmatiD, Keora, Chinisakkora, Thakurbhog, Benaful, Kolgochi, Buchi, Awnedtapl and Kalijira-11 were found far away from centroid of the cluster than rest of the genotypes which placed around the centroid. The pair-wise genetic dissimilarity coefficients indicated that the highest genetic distance was obtained between Thakurbhog and Supper Basmoti (0.81) as well as between Benaful and Keora (0.81). Basmati (Basmoti D, Super Basmati, Basmati 370) and Kalijira (Kalijira 11, 12, 13, 14) genotypes had close similarity among them but showed wide dissimilarity with other local genotypes. Being grouped into distant clusters, SupperBasmoti, Thakurbhog, Keora, and Benaful could be utilized as potential parents for the improvement of fine grain aromatic rice varieties. Genotypes Kolgochi and Buchi (having zero dissimilairty) might be possessed same genetic background. The microsatellite marker based molecular fingerprinting could serve as a sound basis in the identification of genetically distant accessions as well as in the duplicate sorting of the morphologically close accessions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17028

scholarly journals Assessment phenotypic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes by multivariate analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Khaled F.M. Salem ◽  
Maysoun M Saleh ◽  
Laila Aldahak ◽  
Abdelmoaty B. Elabd
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Analytical Approaches

An efficient way to achieve superior productivity is to determine the genetic variation of the various rice genotypes. This research was aimed at estimating potential variations between rice genotypes and identifying each trait contribution in total variation and classifying superior genotypes. The experiment was performed at the Rice Research and Training Centre, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheik, Egypt. Twenty-two genotypes of rice were analyzed using seven agronomic traits. Multivariate approaches were utilized including principal components and cluster analysis. Results showed that PC1 and PC2 represented 66.1% of the variation between studied genotypes, mainly 48% because of grain yield per plant variation in PC1 followed by the characteristics of its components i.e., number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. The three Egyptian rice genotypes Giza 181, Giza 178, and Giza 177 were the best genotypes for grain yield. Cluster results revealed that the majority of genotypes originated from one source (except for Indian variety IET1444) or belonged to one classification were clustered together. Multivariate analytical approaches are ideal instruments for providing information on agronomic character variations. Consequently, the results of the current study should be taken into account when developing new rice varieties.   

scholarly journals Kendali Genetik Toleransi Kekeringan pada Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punjung Medaraji Suwarno ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Dan Ahmad Junaedi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Rainfed Rice

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Drought has become a main barrier of rainfed rice in dry climate and short wet season areas. Growing drought-tolerance varieties is a practical approach to minimize yield lost of rice by the drought stress condition. The aims of this research were to examine the inheritance of drought tolerance character, to identify selection traits, and to estimate genetic gain for drought tolerant on lowland rice. Four rice varieties, i.e., Jatiluhur, Mentik Wangi, IR64, Way Apo Buru, were fully diallel crossed. The parent varieties and the F1’s were grown at Sawah Baru, Dramaga experimental field in two irrigation treatments, optimum and sub optimum where irrigation was applied until three weeks after transplanting. A randomized complete block design with three replications for each irrigation treatment was applied to the experiment. The results showed that there is a significant maternal effect on tiller number. The values of additive variance were higher than the dominance for all other characters except tiller number and grain weight per plant. The highest value for narrow sense heritability was achieved by panicle length.<br /><br />Keywords: diallel, drought, genetic, rice<br /><br />

scholarly journals Agro-Morphological and Genetic Diversity Studies in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Germplasm Using Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiraz Mehmood ◽  
Israr Ud Din ◽  
Izhar Ullah ◽  
Heba I. Mohamed ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract Knowledge of the genetic diversity and population structure of germplasm collections is an important foundation for crop improvement. Rice production across a broad range of rice-growing environments results in a diverse array of local rice varieties. Many rice varieties have been lost as a result of biodiversity loss and are now grown in Pakistan. To protect the biodiversity of rice varieties, an experiment was carried out to check the genetic and morphological variations between 8 exotic and 7 local rice genotypes, using 5 different SSR markers, i.e, RM3, RM259, RM341, RM520, and RM11943. The analysis of morphological and quality traits of rice observed significant variation across genotypes. The results revealed that genotype Irri-Pak attained the highest plant height and primary branch plant-1, while genotype Mushkan produced a higher number of productive tillers and obtained a higher fertility factor (%). Similarly, the highest value for panicle length was observed for genotype Faker-e-Malakand, 1000-grains weight in genotype Calmochi, and maximum days to maturity was noticed in genotype Swati-2014. Moreover, the genotype Brio attained the highest value of stem diameter, while maximum seed length was noted in genotype Sug Dasi. The highest number of primary branches plant-1 in genotype Ibge-I and secondary branches plant-1 in genotype Calmochi were noticed. A higher concentration of sodium and potassium was observed for the genotype Marte, while the genotype Muskan attained the maximum content of copper. Moreover, the highest concentration of iron in genotype Originario, zinc in genotype JP-5, and cadmium content were noticed in genotype Ibge. Similarly, the dendrogram analysis for quantitative parameters showed three clusters at 74.13 % similarities. Whereas all the genotypes of European origin formed a separate cluster. A set of 5 SSR primers, covering four chromosomes, amplified a total of 14 alleles and showed 100% polymorphism with an average PIC value ranging from 0.39 to 0.91. The UPGMA cluster analysis separated the 15 rice genotypes into 3 main groups based on 32.5% similarities and the highest genetic distance (45.1%) was observed between two genotypes (Fakher-e-malakand and Musa), having different geographical origins. There was no genetic distance between genotype Marte and Brio, irrespective of having the same origin.

scholarly journals Rainfed Rice Farming Production Constrains and Prospects, the Kenyan Situation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Imran Dianga ◽  
Ruth N. Musila ◽  
Kamau W. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Rainfed Upland ◽  
Farm Inputs

Kenya experiences huge production-consumption deficit in relation to rice. This is due to changing eating habits that has adopted more rice in the menu and rapidly rising population. Rice production has remained low being unable to meet consumption. Rice ecosystems in Kenya include irrigated, rainfed lowland and rainfed upland. Irrigated ecosystem has over the years been given more emphasis despite rainfed rice farming having double the potential over irrigation system. Ecologically rice grows well in abundant water supply, warm to high temperatures and in Clay sandy to loamy soils with slightly acidic to neutral pH. Rice varieties grown in Kenya are mainly traditional, introduced improved, hybrids and landraces. Rainfed rice farming faces constraint’s key among them being; drought and erratic rainfall, weeds, pest and diseases, cheap imports, land ownership and poor infrastructure. Mitigating against drought and erratic rainfall, improving farm inputs and equipment, increasing germplasm production and distribution, credit support and marketing to farmers, improving farmers skills through technological transfers and infrastructural development are prospects that if adopted could increase rainfed rice productivity. More attention towards improvement of rainfed rice farming could greatly contribute to bridging the production-consumption deficit that is bridged through imports. It is with this, that this review updates our understanding of rain fed rice farming in Kenya in terms of ecological conditions, ecological systems, varieties, constraints and prospects.

scholarly journals Diversity analysis of some selected rice genotypes through SSR- based molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Shahriar ◽  
AHK Robin ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
A Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Rice Genotypes

An experiment was carried out to assess the genetic diversity of advanced rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding lines using three SSR markers viz., RM147, RM167 and RM215. Thirty T- aman advanced breeding lines at F9 generation along with 4 check varieties were assessed. All three primers showed polymorphism. A total of 29 alleles were detected among the rice genotypes with an average of 9.67 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.47 to 0.88 with an average of 0.71. A dendrogram was constructed based on total microsatellite polymorphism and 34 genotypes were grouped into four major clusters at 0.36 similarity co-efficient differentiating the early maturing genotypes from the late maturing types. The information about the genetic diversity might be utilized in future breeding programs for developing rice varieties with much shorter growth duration. The results also suggested that microsatellite markers which are linked to genes or QTLs responsible for growth duration properties are suitable tools for marker assisted selection (MAS) to select the rice genotypes of shorter growth duration.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 307-311, December 2014

scholarly journals Identification of genomic regions associated with low phosphorus tolerance in japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) by QTL-Seq

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Nishida ◽  
D. M. S. B Dissanayaka ◽  
Soichiro Honda ◽  
Yoshiko Tateishi ◽  
Masaru Chuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Low Phosphorus Tolerance ◽  
Genomic Regions

scholarly journals Molecualr Characterization And Varietal Identification For Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance In Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Ali ◽  
Beena R. ◽  
Chennamsetti Lakshmi Naga Manikanta
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract Coexistence of two or more abiotic stresses is common in most of the rainfed lowland and upland rice growing areas of India and worldwide. Rice production under these conditions is not sustainable. Identification and development of multiple abiotic stress tolerant rice varieties are to be addressed. Here we tried to identify multiple abiotic stress tolerant varieties from a collection of earlier identified varieties for single stress and validated the known SSR markers for stress tolerance. Twenty rice genotypes were evaluated for individual abiotic stress such as drought, salinity and temperature initially and the tolerant three genotypes in each case were further evaluated for combination of stresses various physio-morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded . Among the genotypes evaluated for combination of stresses, PTB-7 was found to be tolerant for drought and salinity, Nagina-22 was tolerant against temperature and salinity. However, the seeds did not germinate in the presence of all three stresses simultaneously.. Twenty rice varieties viz ., Chomala, MO-16, PTB-35, PTB-60, PTB-39, PTB-55, PTB-30, PTB-7, CRdhan307, Apo, Vyttila-3, Vyttila-4, Vyttila-5, Vyttila-6, Vyttila-7, Vyttila-8, Vyttila-9, Vyttila-10, Nagina-22, and NL-44 were further investigated using microsatellite markers to confirm the genotypic level of tolerance to combination of abiotic stresses. Rice genotypes were screened using 30 reported simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are linked to drought, salinity and temperature. Molecular marker analysis of rice genotypes also confirmed that RM8904 and RM1287 were associated with salinity tolerance, RM2612, RM6100 and RM5749 were linked to high temperature tolerant trait. Population analysis also revealed that there is five subpopulation among rice genotypes.

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