scholarly journals Lower peripheral blood Toll-like receptor 3 expression is associated with an unfavorable outcome in severe COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Saad Menezes ◽  
Alicia Dudy Müller Veiga ◽  
Thais Martins de Lima ◽  
Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga ◽  
Hermes Vieira Barbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe role of innate immunity in COVID-19 is not completely understood. Therefore, this study explored the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in peripheral blood cells and their correlated cytokines. Seventy-nine patients with severe COVID-19 on admission, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were divided into two groups: patients who needed mechanical ventilation and/or deceased (SEVERE, n = 50) and patients who used supplementary oxygen but not mechanical ventilation and survived (MILD, n = 29); a control group (CONTROL, n = 17) was also enrolled. In the peripheral blood, gene expression (mRNA) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIGI), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), pro-interleukin(IL)-1β (pro-IL-1β), and IL-18 was determined on admission, between 5–9 days, and between 10–15 days. Circulating cytokines in plasma were also measured. When compared to the COVID-19 MILD group, the COVID-19 SEVERE group had lower expression of TLR3 and overexpression of TLR4.

scholarly journals Higher Hemoglobin Levels Are Associated With Better Physical Performance Among Older Adults Without Anemia: A Longitudinal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligiana Pires Corona ◽  
Flavia Cristina Drummond Andrade ◽  
Tiago Silva Alexandre ◽  
Tábatta Renata Pereira Brito ◽  
Daniella Pires Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality among older adults, and it is associated with decreased physical performance. But the role of hemoglobin in the absence of anemia remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of hemoglobin levels on physical performance in Brazilian older adults without anemia. Methods The study is longitudinal in that it relies on two waves of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE; Health, Well-being, and Aging) study: 2010 and 2015–2016. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to determine the effects of the hemoglobin concentrations on the Short Physical Performance Battery-SPPB over time among the 1,020 who had complete data and did not have anemia in 2010. In the follow-up, there were 562 without anemia. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results In analyses adjusted for age, education, grip strength, comorbidities, and body mass index, hemoglobin levels were positively associated with physical performance scores among older women (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) and men (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) without anemia. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that higher hemoglobin levels were associated with better physical performance among older men and women without anemia. This finding is important because, in clinical practice, most health professionals focus on the World Health Organization definition of anemia. Our study suggests the importance of hemoglobin levels among older adults, even those without anemia.

scholarly journals Impact of schistosomiasis on quality of life and productivity of workers

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 354-362
Author(s):  
M. I. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Textile Factory ◽  
The Impact

The effect of schistosomiasis on quality of life [QOL] and productivity of workers was examined. In a textile factory in Alexandria, Egypt, personal, occupational and sociodemographic data were collected from 172 workers with schistosomiasis and 172 workers without schistosomiasis. Several indicators of productivity and the World Health Organization QOL brief were used to determine the impact of schistosomiasis. The disease affected the general, physical and independence, psychological and spiritual, and social domains of QOL. Although the productivity score of workers with schistosomiasis did not differ significantly from the control group, they had significantly lower additional hours of work and lower total incentives/month. A significant relationship was found between severity of schistosomiasis and QOL domains and productivity indicators.

Dose-Response Study of Formaldehyde on Nasal Mucosa Swelling. A Study on Residents with Nasal Distress at Home

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan E. Falk ◽  
Jan E. Juto ◽  
Göran Stridh ◽  
Gunnar Bylin
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Sick Building ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
The Impact

Despite great effort, it has been difficult to demonstrate in an objective way any impact of sick building environment on affected individuals. The aim of this study was to learn whether or not it is possible with rhinostereometry to register changes in the nasal mucosa swelling at exposure to formaldehyde in concentrations 0–0.174 mg/m3. Seven persons, non-allergic, otherwise healthy, and with a history of nasal distress in their homes, participated in the study. Six healthy persons, without nose problems, were controls. Each person was exposed to formaldehyde in different concentrations during two hours in a climate chamber. Increased swelling was recorded al the two highest concentrations (0.073 and 0.174 mg/m3) in the symptomatic group. The control group did not show any mucosal swelling. It was possible to demonstrate an increased mucosal swelling that must be attributed to exposure to formaldehyde. This was possible at formaldehyde concentrations close to the (0.125 mg/m3) upper limit for indoor climate recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study model can be considered useful for further investigations of the impact on the individual from other airborne irritants connected to sick building environments.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Misconception Among Individuals, Impact on Animals and the Role of Mathematical Epidemiologists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwasegun Micheal Ibrahim ◽  
Damilola Daniel Ekundayo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good People ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, to be a pandemic. Since the declaration, Nigeria economy has been greatly impacted thus resulting in a recession. This paper considers a couple of misconceptions among Nigerian people in the COVID-19 pandemic era thereby causing the spread of the novel virus and hence making the situation difficult for the government to handle. In particular, we discuss the first and second waves of the pandemic as it affects the Nigerian people. The impact of the pandemic on animals and the role of mathematical epidemiologists in combatting the spread is discussed herein. We give some recommendations that could be adopted by the government and the good people of Nigeria to reduce the further spread of the virus.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of brief Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for the improvement of productivity in the workplace: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Sado ◽  
Masashi Yamada ◽  
Akira Ninomiya ◽  
Maki Nagaoka ◽  
Naho Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Programs’ (MBPs) among both clinical and non-clinical populations. These data document positive impacts in the workplace, including reducing perceived stress and burnout and increasing wellbeing. However, the effectiveness for productivity, which is of most interest to managers and administrators, is still unclear. In addition, MBPs in the workplace tend to be modified by reducing the number of the program sessions or delivering content online to improve accessibility. To date, however, the impact on productivity of MBPs in the workplace that feature these modifications has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the online-delivered brief Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (bMBCT) for improving productivity and other work related outcomes. METHODS We conduct a four-week RCT with a six-month follow-up. Employees are included in the study if they 1) are between the ages of 20-65 and 2) work longer than 30 hours weekly. Employees were randomly allocated to either the bMBCT group or wait-list control group. The primary outcome of the study is the mean difference of productivity measured by World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) between the groups at 4, 16, 28 weeks. Secondary outcomes include several clinical outcomes and health economics evaluation. RESULTS Recruitment began in August 2021. 104 participants have been enrolled in the study as of October 2021. The intervention is ongoing and scheduled to be completed in December 2023. Data collection will be completed by March 2024. CONCLUSIONS The novelty of the study is that 1) it will investigate the bMBCTs’ effectiveness on productivity, which is still unclear, 2) samples are recruited from three companies in different industries, etc. The limitations of the study are 1) all measures assessed are self-report format, 2) we lack an active control group. This study has the potential to provide new data on the relationship between MBPs and occupational health and productivity. CLINICALTRIAL UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000044721

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the impact of a 21-day school brushing intervention on the knowledge, behaviour and oral health of schoolchildren (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Melo ◽  
Sinead Malone ◽  
Arathi Rao ◽  
Charlotte Fine
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Day School ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization reports that dental cavities affect 60-90% of children globally. FDI World Dental Federation and Unilever Oral Care have developed public health programmes to improve brushing habits over their 12-year partnership. The last of these (Phase III) named Brush Day & Night aimed to educate children in brushing twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste. OBJECTIVE In Phase IV of the partnership, we aim to evaluate the impact on the knowledge, behaviour and toothbrushing habits in schoolchildren aged 6-9 years old, after a 21-day school programme and compare with baseline and a control group. The enduring nature of the programme will be determined by the inclusion of 8 and 24-week time points. METHODS The study is a two-arm, parallel, stratified, cluster randomized trial. Clusters in this study are infant and junior schools in Indonesia and Nigeria. The study aims to recruit 20 schools in each country. At baseline, children in both intervention and control schools will complete questionnaires and have their oral health assessed via the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHIs) and Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT). Children in the intervention schools will then take part in a structured 21-day Brush Day & Night intervention. The Brush Day & Night programme is an intense education activity designed to establish the habit of brushing day and night with a fluoride toothpaste. The programme involves daily brushing instruction and includes free toothpaste and toothbrushes. Children in the control schools will be provided with free toothpaste and toothbrushes but will not receive the 21-day intervention. The questionnaires and OHIs assessment are repeated after 21 days and then again at 8 weeks and 24 weeks later for all participating children. Parents/Carers/Guardians of all children will complete questionnaires on their own experience and attitudes to oral health and toothbrushing routine at each of the four times points (baseline, 21-day, 8 weeks and 24 weeks). The study will be conducted by the National Dental Associations of Indonesia and Nigeria. RESULTS The study is ongoing. Recruitment of schools started in Indonesia in February 2018 and in Nigeria in April 2018 for the first part of the study. This concluded in Indonesia in September 2018 and in Nigeria in November 2018. The second part of the study (the second half of the schools) started in November 2018 in Indonesia and December 2018 in Nigeria. CONCLUSIONS We expect to publish findings from the study by March 2020.

scholarly journals Multifaceted Medical and Scientific Approaches and the Role of the Public in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Digital Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 008-010
Author(s):  
V Mahant
Keyword(s):  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Epidemics and pandemics have been recurrent in history. One of the worst pandemics in the modern history was the 1918 H1N1 flu (“Spanish flu”) that claimed the lives of an estimated 50 million people globally [1]. The current pandemic, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of COVID-19, was first reported in the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), at the time of writing, there were over 84 million confirmed cases and over 1.8 million deaths in 218 countries linked to COVID-19 [2], and the numbers of cases continue to climb globally. The viral transmission has been reported as predominantly horizontal while reports of vertical transmission have been limited [3]. The impact of COVID-19 on morbidity, mortality, lifestyle changes, and trillions of dollars in the economy is unprecedented in the modern history. There are significant synergies and a concerted role for multifaceted medical and scientific approaches to be utilized to engage the public in combating COVID-19 effectively.

scholarly journals The role of the World Health Organization country programs in the development of virology in Spain, 1951-1975

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
María Isabel Porras ◽  
María José Báguena
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Within the framework of recent historiography about the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in modernizing public health and the multifaceted concept of global health, this study addresses the impact of the WHO’s “country programs” in Spain from the time it was admitted to this organization in 1951 to 1975. This research adopts a transnational historical perspective and emphasizes attention to the circulation of health knowledge, practices, and people, and focuses on the Spain-0001 and Spain-0025programs, their role in the development of virology in Spain, and the transformation of public health. Sources include historical archives (WHO, the Spanish National Health School), various WHO publications, the contemporary medical press, and a selection of the Spanish general press.

scholarly journals Management of non traumatic surgical emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ GUSTAVO PARREIRA ◽  
TERCIO DE CAMPOS ◽  
PEDRO DE SOUZA LUCARELLI ANTUNES ◽  
JACQUELINE ARANTES GIANNINNI PERLINGEIRO ◽  
JOSE CESAR ASSEF
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surgical Disease ◽  
Surgical Emergencies ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Abdominal Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In December 2019, in Wuhan, China, the first cases of what would be known as COVID-19, a disease caused by an RNA virus called SARS-CoV-2, were described. Its spread was rapid and wide, leading the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic in March 2020. The disease has distinct clinical presentations, from asymptomatic to critical cases, with high lethality. Parallel to this, patients with non-traumatic surgical emergencies, such as acute appendicitis and cholecystitis, continue to be treated at the emergency services. In this regard, there were several doubts on how to approach these cases, among them: how to quickly identify the patient with COVID-19, what is the impact of the abdominal surgical disease and its treatment on the evolution of patients with COVID-19, in addition to the discussion about the role of the non-operative treatment for abdominal disease under these circumstances. In this review, we discuss these problems based on the available evidence.

IL-10-592 A/C Gene Polymorphism and Cytokine Levels are Associated with Susceptibility to Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Atefeh SADEGHI SHERMEH ◽  
Majid KHOSHMIRSAFA ◽  
Ali-Akbar DELBANDI ◽  
Payam TABARSI ◽  
Esmaeil MORTAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and especially resistant forms of it have a substantial economic burden on the community health system for diagnosis and treatment each year. Thus, investigation of this field is a priority for the world health organization (WHO). Cytokines play important roles in the relationship between the immune system and tuberculosis. Genetic variations especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact cytokine levels and function against TB. Material and Methods: In this research SNPs in IFN-γ (+874 T/A) and IL-10 (-592 A/C) genes, and the effects of these SNPs on cytokine levels in a total of 87 tuberculosis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. TB patients divided into two groups: 1) 67 drug-sensitive (DS-TB) and 2) 20 drug-resistant (DR-TB) according to drug sensitivity test using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the genotyping of two SNPs, the PCR-based method was used and IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and control group. Results: In -592A/C SNP, only two genotypes (AA, AC) were observed and both genotypes showed statistically significant differences between DR-TB and HCs (p=0.011). IL-10 serum levels in PTB patients were higher than HCs (p=0.02). The serum levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in DS-TB patients than that of the other two groups (p<0.001); however, no significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequencies in IFN-γ +874. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the SNP at -592 position of IL-10 gene may be associated with the susceptibility to DR-TB. However, further investigation is necessary. Keywords: Polymorphism, IFN-γ, IL-10, tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis

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