scholarly journals GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics analysis to investigate the changes driven by N-Acetylcysteine in the plant-pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Mariana de Souza e Silva ◽  
Luiz Leonardo Saldanha ◽  
Henrique Ferreira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractN-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant, anti-adhesive, and antimicrobial compound. Even though there is much information regarding the role of NAC as an antioxidant and anti-adhesive agent, little is known about its antimicrobial activity. In order to assess its mode of action in bacterial cells, we investigated the metabolic responses triggered by NAC at neutral pH. As a model organism, we chose the Gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker disease, due to the potential use of NAC as a sustainable molecule against phytopathogens dissemination in citrus cultivated areas. In presence of NAC, cell proliferation was affected after 4 h, but damages to the cell membrane were observed only after 24 h. Targeted metabolite profiling analysis using GC–MS/TOF unravelled that NAC seems to be metabolized by the cells affecting cysteine metabolism. Intriguingly, glutamine, a marker for nitrogen status, was not detected among the cells treated with NAC. The absence of glutamine was followed by a decrease in the levels of the majority of the proteinogenic amino acids, suggesting that the reduced availability of amino acids affect protein synthesis and consequently cell proliferation.

scholarly journals GC-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Analysis to Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of N-Acetylcysteine in the Plant-Pathogen Xanthomonas Citri Subsp. Citri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Mariana Souza e Silva ◽  
Luiz Leonardo Saldanha ◽  
Henrique Ferreira ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease

Abstract N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant, anti-adhesive, and antimicrobial compound. Even though there is much information regarding the role of NAC as an antioxidant and anti-adhesive agent, little is known about its antimicrobial activity. In order to assess its mode of action in bacterial cells, we investigated the metabolic responses triggered by NAC at neutral pH. As a model organism, we chose the Gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus canker disease, due to the potential use of NAC as a sustainable molecule against phytopathogens dissemination in citrus cultivated areas. In presence of NAC, cell proliferation was affected after 4 hours, but damages to the cell membrane were observed only after 24 hours. Targeted metabolite profiling analysis using GC-MS/TOF unravelled that NAC seems to be metabolized by the cells affecting cysteine metabolism. Intriguingly, glutamine, a marker for nitrogen status, was not detected among the cells treated with NAC. The absence of glutamine was followed by a decrease in the levels of the majority of the proteinogenic amino acids, suggesting that the reduced availability of amino acids affect protein synthesis and consequently cell proliferation.

scholarly journals Modified Monosaccharides Content of Xanthan Gum Impairs Citrus Canker Disease by Affecting the Epiphytic Lifestyle of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Laís Moreira Granato ◽  
Maria Júlia Festa Franzini ◽  
Maxuel Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) is a plant pathogenic bacterium causing citrus canker disease. The xanA gene encodes a phosphoglucomutase/phosphomannomutase protein that is a key enzyme required for the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharides in Xanthomonads. In this work, firstly we isolated a xanA transposon mutant (xanA::Tn5) and analyzed its phenotypes as biofilm formation, xanthan gum production, and pathogenesis on the sweet orange host. Moreover, to confirm the xanA role in the impaired phenotypes we further produced a non-polar deletion mutant (ΔxanA) and performed the complementation of both xanA mutants. In addition, we analyzed the percentages of the xanthan gum monosaccharides produced by X. citri wild-type and xanA mutant. The mutant strain had higher ratios of mannose, galactose, and xylose and lower ratios of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, and glucose than the wild-type strain. Such changes in the saccharide composition led to the reduction of xanthan yield in the xanA deficient strain, affecting also other important features in X. citri, such as biofilm formation and sliding motility. Moreover, we showed that xanA::Tn5 caused no symptoms on host leaves after spraying, a method that mimetics the natural infection condition. These results suggest that xanA plays an important role in the epiphytical stage on the leaves that is essential for the successful interaction with the host, including adaptive advantage for bacterial X. citri survival and host invasion, which culminates in pathogenicity.

scholarly journals A novel calcium-concentrating compartment drives biofilm formation and persistent infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alona Keren-Paz ◽  
Malena Cohen-Cymberknoh ◽  
Dror Kolodkin-Gal ◽  
Iris Karunker ◽  
Simon Dersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Mineral Layer ◽  
Cellular Compartment ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Cellular Metal

AbstractBacterial biofilms produce a robust internal mineral layer, composed of calcite, which strengthens the colony and protects the residing bacteria from antibiotics. In this work, we provide evidence that the assembly of a functional mineralized macro-structure begins with mineral precipitation within a defined cellular compartment in a differentiated subpopulation of cells. Transcriptomic analysis of a model organism, Bacillus subtilis, revealed that calcium was essential for activation of the biofilm state, and highlighted the role of cellular metal homeostasis and carbon metabolism in biomineralization. The molecular mechanisms promoting calcite formation were conserved in pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, resulting in formation of calcite crystals tightly associated with bacterial cells in sputum samples collected from cystic fibrosis patients. Biomineralization inhibitors targeting calcium uptake and carbonate accumulation significantly reduced the damage inflicted by P. aeruginosa biofilms to lung tissues. Therefore, better understanding of the conserved molecular mechanisms promoting biofilm calcification can path the way to the development of novel classes of antibiotics to combat otherwise untreatable biofilm infections.

scholarly journals Diversity Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Community in Two Citrus Cultivars With Different Resistance to Citrus Canker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Jiahao Lai ◽  
Simeng Wu ◽  
Junxi Jiang ◽  
Weigang Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Endophytic Bacterial Community ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The selective infection of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri to citrus cultivars is universally known, but it is not clarified whether there is a relationship between endophytic bacteria and the resistance of host variety to canker disease. In order to explore the relationship, Satsuma mandarin and Newhall navel orange were collected respectively as samples of resistant or susceptible cultivars to citrus canker disease, and endophytic bacterial community of two citrus cultivars were analyzed by using a next-generation, Illumina-based sequencing approach. Simultaneously, the seasonal dynamics of endophytic bacterial community and dominant genera were analyzed. The results showed that there were four dominant groups including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in all samples at phylum level. Endophytic bacteria were the most abundant in spring samples, then in summer and autumn samples. There were some differences between endophytic bacterial community of resistant citrus and that of susceptible citrus to canker disease, and the endophytic bacteria of Satsuma mandarin are more abundant than that of Newhall navel orange. According to the analysis of dominant bacteria in two citrus cultivars, it was found that some endophytic bacteria with antagonistic characteristics existed universally in all samples, although the dominant bacteria in different seasonal sample were different. However, in Newhall navel orange of susceptible citrus to canker disease, there were not only some bacteria against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, but also some cooperative bacteria of canker occurrence like Stenotrophomonas.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Citrus Canker Disease Caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Using an Endophytic Bacillus thuringiensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nurul Islam ◽  
Md. Sarafat Ali ◽  
Seong-Jin Choi ◽  
Jae-Wook Hyun ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Baek
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Biotransformation of Metalloporphyrins by Microorganisms Isolated from Organic-Rich Metal-Bearing Black Shale

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Matlakowska ◽  
Aleksandra Sklodowska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Indigenous Microorganisms ◽  
Copper Tailings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Sole Energy

Indigenous microorganisms isolated from organic-rich copper-bearing black shale from the Fore-Sudetic Monocline were able to transform naturally occurring metalloporphyrins in laboratory cultures. It was also demonstrated that these bacteria can utilize synthetic metalloporphyrins as the sole energy and carbon source. The first step in metalloporphyrin biotransformation was identified as the highly effective bioaccumulation of these compounds in bacterial cells. The ability of both living and dead cells to biosorb metalloporphyrins was also confirmed. Besides contributing to the important biogeochemical role of these microorganisms in the environment, their biotransformation activities are of potential use in the bioremediation of copper tailings as well as in the recovery of metals from organic-rich black shale ore, which is not possible using traditional hydrometallurgical procedures.

scholarly journals The ecnA Antitoxin Is Important Not Only for Human Pathogens: Evidence of Its Role in the Plant Pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Moreira Granato ◽  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Maxuel de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Paula Maria Moreira Martins ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Host Infection

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri causes citrus canker disease worldwide in most commercial varieties of citrus. Its transmission occurs mainly by wind-driven rain. Once X. citri reaches a leaf, it can epiphytically survive by forming a biofilm, which enhances the persistence of the bacteria under different environmental stresses and plays an important role in the early stages of host infection. Therefore, the study of genes involved in biofilm formation has been an important step toward understanding the bacterial strategy for survival in and infection of host plants. In this work, we show that the ecnAB toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, which was previously identified only in human bacterial pathogens, is conserved in many Xanthomonas spp. We further show that in X. citri, ecnA is involved in important processes, such as biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and motility. In addition, we show that ecnA plays a role in X. citri survival and virulence in host plants. Thus, this mechanism represents an important bacterial strategy for survival under stress conditions. IMPORTANCE Very little is known about TA systems in phytopathogenic bacteria. ecnAB, in particular, has only been studied in bacterial human pathogens. Here, we showed that it is present in a wide range of Xanthomonas sp. phytopathogens; moreover, this is the first work to investigate the functional role of this TA system in Xanthomonas citri biology, suggesting an important new role in adaptation and survival with implications for bacterial pathogenicity.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Some Organic and Inorganic Salts Against Asiatic Citrus Canker Agent Xanthomonas Citri Subsp. Citri

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Vahideh Hasabi ◽  
Hossein Askari ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Alavi ◽  
Masood Soltani Najafabadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is becoming a disease of high economic impact, affecting all types of important citrus crops. In this study, the potential antibacterial activity of ten organic and inorganic salts on X. citri subsp. citri and on citrus canker disease development was evaluated. Among the salt compounds, copper, iron and zinc inorganic salts particularly zinc (with the highest diameter of inhibition, the lowest MIC and MBC values and the highest bacterial growth inhibitory effect) had direct antibacterial activity and strongly reduced the development of canker disease and bacterial population of lime plants.

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