scholarly journals A beneficial role of computer-aided diagnosis system for less experienced physicians in the diagnosis of thyroid nodule on ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Kang ◽  
Eunjung Lee ◽  
Chae Won Chung ◽  
Han Na Jang ◽  
Joon Ho Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Cad System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

AbstractUltrasonography (US) is the primary diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules, while the accuracy is operator-dependent. It is widely used not only by radiologists but also by physicians with different levels of experience. The aim of this study was to investigate whether US with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has assisting roles to physicians in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. 451 thyroid nodules evaluated by fine-needle aspiration cytology following surgery were included. 300 (66.5%) of them were diagnosed as malignancy. Physicians with US experience less than 1 year (inexperienced, n = 10), or more than 5 years (experienced, n = 3) reviewed the US images of thyroid nodules with or without CAD assistance. The diagnostic performance of CAD was comparable to that of the experienced group, and better than those of the inexperienced group. The AUC of the CAD for conventional PTC was higher than that for FTC and follicular variant PTC (0.925 vs. 0.499), independent of tumor size. CAD assistance significantly improved diagnostic performance in the inexperienced group, but not in the experienced groups. In conclusion, the CAD system showed good performance in the diagnosis of conventional PTC. CAD assistance improved the diagnostic performance of less experienced physicians in US, especially in diagnosis of conventional PTC.

scholarly journals A Beneficial Role of Computer-aided Diagnosis System for Less Experienced Physicians in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodule on Ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Kang ◽  
Eunjung Lee ◽  
Chae Won Chung ◽  
Han Na Jang ◽  
Joon Ho Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

Abstract Ultrasonography is the primary diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules, while the accuracy is highly operator-dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasonography with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has assisting roles to physicians in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. 451 thyroid nodules (³ 1 cm) evaluated by fine-needle aspiration cytology following surgery were included. 300 (66.5%) of them were diagnosed as malignancy. Thirteen physicians who had 0 months (E0, n=8), 1 year (E1, n=2), or more than 5 years (E5, n=3) of experience in ultrasonography reviewed the prepared ultrasound images of thyroid nodules before and after CAD assistance. The diagnostic performance of CAD was comparable to that of the E5 group, and better than those of the E0 and E1 groups. The AUC of the CAD for conventional PTC was higher than that for FTC and follicular variant PTC (0.925 vs. 0.499), independent of tumor size. CAD assistance significantly improved diagnostic performance in E0 group, but not in the E1 and E5 groups. In conclusion, the CAD system showed good performance in the diagnosis of conventional PTC. CAD assistance improved the diagnostic performance of physicians with less experience in ultrasonography, especially in the diagnosis of conventional PTC.

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Diagnosis Systems in Diagnosing Malignant Thyroid Nodules on Ultrasonography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Junling Gao ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Jichao Yin ◽  
Pengfei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

Background: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are being applied to the ultrasonographic diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules, but it remains controversial whether the systems add any accuracy for radiologists. Objective: To determine the accuracy of CAD systems in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on the diagnostic performance of CAD systems. The diagnostic performance was assessed by pooled sensitivity and specificity, and their accuracy was compared with that of radiologists. The present systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019134460). Results: Nineteen studies with 4,781 thyroid nodules were included. Both the classic machine learning- and the deep learning-based CAD system had good performance in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules (classic machine learning: sensitivity 0.86 [95% CI 0.79–0.92], specificity 0.85 [95% CI 0.77–0.91], diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 37.41 [95% CI 24.91–56.20]; deep learning: sensitivity 0.89 [95% CI 0.81–0.93], specificity 0.84 [95% CI 0.75–0.90], DOR 40.87 [95% CI 18.13–92.13]). The diagnostic performance of the deep learning-based CAD system was comparable to that of the radiologists (sensitivity 0.87 [95% CI 0.78–0.93] vs. 0.87 [95% CI 0.85–0.89], specificity 0.85 [95% CI 0.76–0.91] vs. 0.87 [95% CI 0.81–0.91], DOR 40.12 [95% CI 15.58–103.33] vs. DOR 44.88 [95% CI 30.71–65.57]). Conclusions: The CAD systems demonstrated good performance in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules. However, experienced radiologists may still have an advantage over CAD systems during real-time diagnosis.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance evaluation of different TI-RADS using ultrasound computer-aided diagnosis of thyroid nodules: An experience with adjusted settings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245617
Author(s):  
Nonhlanhla Chambara ◽  
Shirley Y. W. Liu ◽  
Xina Lo ◽  
Michael Ying
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
American Thyroid Association ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Default Setting

Background Thyroid cancer diagnosis has evolved to include computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) approaches to overcome the limitations of human ultrasound feature assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a CAD system in thyroid nodule differentiation using varied settings. Methods Ultrasound images of 205 thyroid nodules from 198 patients were analysed in this retrospective study. AmCAD-UT software was used at default settings and 3 adjusted settings to diagnose the nodules. Six risk-stratification systems in the software were used to classify the thyroid nodules: The American Thyroid Association (ATA), American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data System (ACR-TIRADS), British Thyroid Association (BTA), European Union (EU-TIRADS), Kwak (2011) and the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR). The diagnostic performance of CAD was determined relative to the histopathology and/or cytology diagnosis of each nodule. Results At the default setting, EU-TIRADS yielded the highest sensitivity, 82.6% and lowest specificity, 42.1% while the ATA-TIRADS yielded the highest specificity, 66.4%. Kwak had the highest AUROC (0.74) which was comparable to that of ACR, ATA, and KSThR TIRADS (0.72, 0.73, and 0.70 respectively). At a hyperechoic foci setting of 3.5 with other settings at median values; ATA had the best-balanced sensitivity, specificity and good AUROC (70.4%; 67.3% and 0.71 respectively). Conclusion The default setting achieved the best diagnostic performance with all TIRADS and was best for maximizing the sensitivity of EU-TIRADS. Adjusting the settings by only reducing the sensitivity to echogenic foci may be most helpful for improving specificity with minimal change in sensitivity.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Efficiency of Ultrasound Computer–Aided Diagnosis in Differentiating Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonhlanhla Chambara ◽  
Michael Ying
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) techniques have emerged to complement qualitative assessment in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The aim of this review was to summarize the current evidence on the diagnostic performance of various ultrasound CAD in characterizing thyroid nodules. PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published until August 2019. The Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Review 2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Reported diagnostic performance data were analyzed and discussed. Fourteen studies with 2232 patients and 2675 thyroid nodules met the inclusion criteria. The study quality based on QUADAS-2 assessment was moderate. At best performance, grey scale CAD had a sensitivity of 96.7% while Doppler CAD was 90%. Combined techniques of qualitative grey scale features and Doppler CAD assessment resulted in overall increased sensitivity (92%) and optimal specificity (85.1%). The experience of the CAD user, nodule size and the thyroid malignancy risk stratification system used for interpretation were the main potential factors affecting diagnostic performance outcomes. The diagnostic performance of CAD of thyroid ultrasound is comparable to that of qualitative visual assessment; however, combined techniques have the potential for better optimized diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Thyroid Nodule Characterization: How to Assess the Malignancy Risk. Update of the Literature

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Daniele Fresilli ◽  
Emanuele David ◽  
Patrizia Pacini ◽  
Giovanni Del Gaudio ◽  
Vincenzo Dolcetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cad System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Multiparametric Ultrasound

Ultrasound (US) is the first imaging modality for thyroid parenchyma evaluation. In the last decades, the role of ultrasound has been improved with the introduction of new US software, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and US-elastography (USE). USE is nowadays recognized as an essential part of the multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) examination, in particular for the indeterminate thyroid nodule with possible fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) number reduction; even if further and larger studies are needed to validate it. More controversial is the role of CEUS in thyroid evaluation, due to its high variability in sensitivity and specificity. Semi-automatic US systems based on the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system are producing interesting results, especially as an aid to less experienced operators. New knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in thyroid cancer is allowing practitioners to identify new genomic thyroid markers that could reduce the number of “diagnostic” thyroidectomies. We have therefore drawn up an updated representation of the current evidence in the literature for thyroid nodule multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) evaluation with particular regard to USE, the US CAD system and CEUS.

scholarly journals Reliability of a computer-aided system in the evaluation of indeterminate ultrasound images of thyroid nodules

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Reverter ◽  
L Ferrer-Estopiñan ◽  
F Vázquez ◽  
S Ballesta ◽  
S Batule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Real World ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Cad System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Computer Aided

Introduction Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) programs for malignancy risk stratification from ultrasound (US) imaging of thyroid nodules are being validated both experimentally and in real-world practice. However, they have not been tested for reliability in analyzing difficult or unclear images. Methods US images with indeterminate characteristics were evaluated by five observers with different experience in US examination and by a commercial CAD program. The nodules, on which the observers widely agreed, were considered concordant and, if there was little agreement, not concordant or difficult to assess. The diagnostic performance of the readers and the CAD program was calculated and compared in both groups of nodule images. Results In the group of concordant thyroid nodules (n = 37), the clinicians and the CAD system obtained similar levels of accuracy (77.0% vs 74.2%, respectively; P = 0.7) and no differences were found in sensitivity (SEN) (95.0% vs 87.5%, P = 0.2), specificity (SPE) (45.5 vs 49.4, respectively; P = 0.7), positive predictive value (PPV) (75.2% vs 77.7%, respectively; P = 0.8), nor negative predictive value (NPV) (85.6 vs 77.7, respectively; P = 0.3). When analyzing the non-concordant nodules (n = 43), the CAD system presented a decrease in accuracy of 4.2%, which was significantly lower than that observed by the experts (19.9%, P = 0.02). Conclusions Clinical observers are similar to the CAD system in the US assessment of the risk of thyroid nodules. However, the AI system for thyroid nodules AmCAD-UT® showed more reliability in the analysis of unclear or misleading images.

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