scholarly journals Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on extinction of conditioned fear and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e1217-e1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Noble ◽  
I J Gonzalez ◽  
V B Meruva ◽  
K A Callahan ◽  
B D Belfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (TNS) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Paulino Trevizol ◽  
Pedro Shiozawa ◽  
Isa Albuquerque Sato ◽  
Mailu Enokibara da Silva ◽  
Elie Leal de Barros Calfat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Endocannabinoid modulating drugs improve anxiety but not the expression of conditioned fear in a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 107965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshayan Vimalanathan ◽  
Darryl C. Gidyk ◽  
Mustansir Diwan ◽  
Flavia V. Gouveia ◽  
Nir Lipsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Cracking the EMDR code: Recruitment of sensory, memory and emotional networks during bilateral alternating auditory stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-François Rousseau ◽  
Sarah Boukezzi ◽  
René Garcia ◽  
Thierry Chaminade ◽  
Stéphanie Khalfa
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Core ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction: The inability to extinguish a conditioned fear is thought to be at the core of post-traumatic stress disorder. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy has been efficacious for post-traumatic stress disorder, but the brain mechanisms underlying the effect are still unknown. The core effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy seems to rely on the simultaneous association of bilateral alternating stimulation and the recall of the traumatic memory. To shed light on how eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy functions, we aimed to highlight the structures activated by bilateral alternating stimulation during fear extinction and its recall. Methods: We included 38 healthy participants in this study. Participants were examined twice in functional magnetic resonance imaging, over 2 consecutive days. On the first day, they performed two fear conditioning and extinction procedures, one with and one without the bilateral alternating stimulation during the fear extinction learning phase in a counter-balanced order across the participants. On the second day, participants completed the fear extinction recall procedure, in the same order as the previous day. Statistical significance of maps was set at p < 0.05 after correction for family-wise error at the cluster level. Results: The analysis revealed significant activation with versus without bilateral alternating stimulation at the early extinction in the bilateral auditory areas, the right precuneus, and the left medial frontal gyrus. The same pattern was found in the early recall on the second day. The connectivity analysis found a significant increase in connectivity during bilateral alternating stimulation versus without bilateral alternating stimulation in the early extinction and recall between the two superior temporal gyri, the precuneus, the middle frontal gyrus and a set of structures involved in multisensory integration, executive control, emotional processing, salience and memory. Conclusion: We show for the first time that in the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy the bilateral alternating stimulation is not a simple sensory signal and can activate large emotional neural networks.

scholarly journals Positron emission tomographic imaging of neural correlates of a fear acquisition and extinction paradigm in women with childhood sexual-abuse-related post-traumatic stress disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DOUGLAS BREMNER ◽  
ERIC VERMETTEN ◽  
CHRISTIAN SCHMAHL ◽  
VIOLA VACCARINO ◽  
MEENA VYTHILINGAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Positron Emission Tomographic ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background. In the conditioned fear paradigm, repeated pairing of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g. electric shock) with a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) (e.g. bright light) results in a conditioned fear response to the light alone. Animal studies have shown that the amygdala plays a critical role in acquisition of conditioned fear responses, while the medial prefrontal cortex (including anterior cingulate), through inhibition of amygdala responsiveness, has been hypothesized to play a role in extinction of fear responses. No studies have examined neural correlates of fear conditioning and extinction in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Method. Women with early childhood sexual-abuse-related PTSD (n=8) and women without abuse or PTSD (n=11) underwent measurement of psychophysiological (skin conductance) responding as well as positron emission tomographic (PET) measurement of cerebral blood flow during habituation, acquisition and extinction conditions. During habituation subjects were repeatedly exposed to a blue square on a screen. During acquisition, exposure to the blue square (CS) was paired with an electric shock to the forearm (US). With extinction, subjects were again exposed to the blue squares without shock. On a different day subjects went through the same procedure with electric shocks administered randomly in the absence of the blue square.Results. Skin conductance responding to the CS was consistent with the development of conditioned responses with this paradigm. PTSD patients had increased left amygdala activation with fear acquisition, and decreased anterior cingulate function during extinction, relative to controls.Conclusions. These findings implicate amygdala and anterior cingulate in the acquisition and extinction of fear responses, respectively, in PTSD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document