scholarly journals Kefir reduces insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokine expression in an animal model of metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3390-3401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana D. Rosa ◽  
Łukasz M. Grześkowiak ◽  
Célia L. L. F. Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina M. Fonseca ◽  
Sandra A. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Reduce Insulin Resistance

Kefir supplementation in rats with induced metabolic syndrome was able to lower fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels, and reduce insulin resistance.

Abstract P437: Early Insulin Resistance Responds To Lifestyle Interventions: The Premier Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Cistola ◽  
Jamy D Ard ◽  
M. H Brenner ◽  
Alok K Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Compensatory hyperinsulinemia (CH) is the metabolic response to early insulin resistance. Elevated blood insulin compensates for insulin resistance in tissues, maintaining normal fasting glucose and lipid levels. Therefore, CH is undetected by conventional screening tests for diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Our prior work showed that CH is prevalent in the U.S., especially in teenagers, young adults and Hispanic populations. Moreover, CH in young adults doubles the risk for diabetes later in life, independent of other known risk factors. The current study tested the hypothesis that markers of early insulin resistance improve with behavioral lifestyle interventions. Methods: The parent PREMIER study was a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of lifestyle interventions on blood pressure. Many subjects also had insulin resistance, prediabetes (PreD) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS). The interventions included increased physical activity, weight loss, reduced sodium and alcohol intake, and the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). A total of 810 subjects were randomized into three intervention arms: “established”, “established plus DASH” and “advice only”. Established refers to the above interventions, except for DASH. The subjects were 62% women and 34% African Americans; the mean age was 50.0±8.9 years. Inclusion criteria were age ≥25, elevated BP and BMI of 18.5-45.0 kg/m 2 . Exclusion criteria were diabetes, history of cardiovascular event, heart failure, cancer or psychiatric hospitalization within the last 2 years. Here, the analysis of covariance method was used to determine whether markers of insulin resistance at 6 months improved in the established or established plus DASH arms compared with the advice-only arm, after adjusting for baseline values. The results are reported as geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Subjects in the lifestyle intervention arms showed reduced fasting insulin and increased insulin sensitivity compared with the advice-only arm. The mean fasting insulin levels after 6 months of the established and established plus DASH interventions were 9.8 μIU/mL (95% CI: 9.3, 10.3) and 10.1 (9.6, 10.7), respectively, compared with 12.0 (11.4, 12.6) for advice only. After excluding subjects with PreD and/or MetS at baseline, insulin levels for established and established plus DASH were 8.0 (7.3, 8.7) and 8.3 (7.3, 9.0), respectively, as compared with 9.8 (9.1, 10.6) for advice only. Likewise, HOMA2 %S increased to 101.2 (92.5, 110.6) and 93.3 (85.6, 101.8), respectively, compared with 79.0 (73.0, 85.5) in the advice-only arm. Conclusion: Markers of insulin resistance improved with the PREMIER lifestyle interventions, even in subjects who did not meet the clinical criteria for prediabetes or metabolic syndrome. Early screening and intervention may improve diabetes prevention outcomes.

scholarly journals Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms irrespective of pre-treatment insulin resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Tan ◽  
Susanne Hahn ◽  
Sven Benson ◽  
Tiina Dietz ◽  
Harald Lahner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Outcome Parameters ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractObjectiveInsulin resistance (IR) and obesity are common features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Insulin-sensitizing agents have been shown to improve both reproductive and metabolic aspects of PCOS, but it remains unclear whether it is also beneficial in lean patients without pre-treatment IR. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of metformin on the clinical and biochemical parameters of PCOS irrespective of the presence of basal obesity and IR.DesignThe effect of 6 months of metformin treatment was prospectively assessed in 188 PCOS patients, divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI; lean: BMI<25 kg/m2, overweight: BMI 25–29 kg/m2, and obese: BMI≥30 kg/m2). Outcome parameters, which were also assessed in 102 healthy controls, included body weight, homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose and insulin levels, area under the curve of insulin response (AUCI), hyperandrogenism, and menstrual irregularities.ResultsIn comparison with the respective BMI-appropriate control groups, only obese but not lean and overweight PCOS patients showed differences in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Metformin therapy significantly improved all outcome parameters except fasting glucose levels. Subgroup analyses revealed that in the group of lean PCOS patients without pre-treatment IR, metformin significantly improved HOMA-IR (1.7±1.0 vs 1.1±0.7 μmol/l×mmol/l2) and fasting insulin levels (7.7±4.2 vs 5.4±3.9 mU/l), in addition to testosterone levels (2.6±0.9 vs 1.8±0.7 nmol/l), anovulation rate (2.3 vs 59.5%), and acne (31.8 vs 11.6%; all P<0.017). In the overweight and obese PCOS groups, metformin also showed the expected beneficial effects.ConclusionMetformin improves parameters of IR, hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and acne in PCOS irrespective of pre-treatment IR or obesity.

scholarly journals INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS WITH DIFFERENT TREATMENT OUTCOME

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Yasinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the study – to evaluate fasting glucose, insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis treatment failure (TFT) compared to data of patients who have successfully completed course of treatment (NDT). Materials and methods. 49 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 28 patients with TFT. Group 2 (comparison group) included 21 NDT patients. Blood sampling in the patients was done before treatment, after 3 months of the treatment start and after 2–3 months of treatment of patients in the group 1. Fasting plasma glucose level was determined by the hexokinase method by using Beckman Coulter AU640 biochemical analyzer, Japan. Fasting serum insulin level was determined by electrochemiluminescence method on Cobas e411 analyzer, Switzerland. Insulin resistance index was calculated by HOMA-IR by Matthews et al., 1985. Results. Fasting glucose levels were normal and almost similar in both groups before and after treatment, p˃0.05. Fasting insulin levels were also normal, but they were higher in patients of the group 1 than in the group 2, p˂0.05. It means there was a relative slight hyperinsulinemia in TFT patients. HOMA-IR index was also significantly greater among patients in the group 1, p˂0.05. Fasting glucose levels increase was in 10.7 % of patients in the group 1 and in 4.8 % patient in the group 2. Decrease of glucose levels was in 4.8 % of patients from the group 2. Fasting insulin levels increase was determined in 1 case among the group 1 patients and there were not cases with increased insulin levels among the patients of the group 2; fasting insulin levels reduction was identified in 14.3 % of patients from the group 1 only, p˃0.05. There was HOMA-IR index increase among patients of the group 1 mostly: 9 cases (33.3 %) versus 1 case (4.8 %) in the group 2, p˂0.05. Thus, a relative slight hyperinsulinemia in normal glucose levels and HOMA-IR index increase could be a signs of preclinical disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with TFT. Conclusion. It may indicate negative impact of virulent mycobacteria and more severe clinical and radiological changes on carbohydrate metabolism or/and negative impact of such disorders to prognosis of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Surrogate Measures of Insulin Resistance in Middle-aged Non-diabetic Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Csép Katalin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Surrogate Measures

Abstract Objective: Insulin resistance has been shown to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The assessment of insulin sensitivity in the clinical practice, however, faces several difficulties. The study proposes to analyze surrogate measures of insulin resistance based on fasting insulin levels in central Romania, and check whether the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is an adequate strategy to identify middle-aged persons with reduced insulin sensitivity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements, metabolic profile, and surrogates measures of insulin sensitivity (GIR, HOMA, QUICKI, FIRI, Belfiore, Bennett, Raynaud, McAuley index) based on fasting insulin levels were assessed in 233 non-diabetic middle aged subjects. Results: Cutoff values, determined as the lowest quartile of insulin sensitivity for fasting insulin, HOMA, IRI (1/QUICKI), FIRI and Belfiore's, Bennett's, Raynaud's and McAuley's insulin sensitivity indices were 10.49 mU/L, 2.1, 3.01, 2.32, and 0.03, 1.34, 3.81, 6.29, 5.82. Components of the metabolic syndrome showed moderate but significant correlations with the surrogate measures of insulin resistance (r = 0.22-0.56, p <0.05). HOMA-IR and McAuley indices were the best predictors of clustered cardiometabolic risk factors (AUC - 0.83, 0.81 and 0.82). The metabolic syndrome diagnosis performed well in identifying patients with reduced insulin sensitivity (McAuley 2: sensitivity - 0.78, specificity - 0.84). Conclusion: Fasting insulin derived insulin sensitivity indices may help the recognittion of insulin resistant states predicting cardiometabolic disorders. Actively looking for insulin resistance by these simple indices, or by diagnosing the metabolic syndrome, those at increased risk can be recognized

scholarly journals A comparative study of insulin resistance in acne vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Prathima Munichandrappa ◽  
Manjunath K. G. ◽  
Kiran C. ◽  
Anirudh Variyar
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Acne is common skin problem among adolescents and young adults. Recently the role of insulin resistance in acne is being widely researched.</span>The o<span lang="EN-IN">bjectives of the study were to evaluate insulin resistance in acne, to compare the insulin resistance among cases and controls using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">45 cases and 45 controls were recruited. Acne severity was graded using the global acne grading system(GAGS). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels were done and insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We did not find any statistically significant difference in fasting insulin levels between cases and controls. However, a weak positive correlation between acne severity and fasting insulin levels (r =0.3, p=0.04) were observed. Fasting glucose levels and HOMA-IR values observed between cases and controls were not statistically significant (p=0.05, p=0.59 respectively). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Our study did not suggest a major role of insulin resistance in acne.</span></p>

scholarly journals High TSH Level within Normal Range Is Associated with Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Inflammation, Hypercoagulability, and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Novel Cardiometabolic Marker

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Cheng Chang ◽  
Shih-Che Hua ◽  
Chia-Hsuin Chang ◽  
Wei-Yi Kao ◽  
Hsiao-Lin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

(1) Background: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risks. Here we further explore whether thyroid function within normal range is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population-based study. (2) Methods: We screened 24,765 adults participating in health examinations in Taiwan. Participants were grouped according to high-sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (hsTSH) level as: <50th percentile (0.47–1.48 mIU/L, the reference group), 50–60th percentile (1.49–1.68 mIU/L), 60–70th percentile (1.69–1.94 mIU/L), 70–80th percentile (1.95–2.3 mIU/L), 80–90th percentile (2.31–2.93 mIU/L), and >90th percentile (>2.93 mIU/L). Cardiometabolic traits of each percentile were compared with the reference group. (3) Results: Elevated hsTSH levels within normal range were dose-dependently associated with increased body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumferences, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high homeostasis model of assessment of beta-cell (HOMA-β), triglycerides, total cholesterols, fibrinogen, and uric acids (p-for-trend <0.001), but not with fasting glucose levels. The association remained significant after adjustment of age, sex, and lifestyle. As compared to the reference group, subjects with the highest hsTSH percentile had significantly increased risk of being overweight (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR): 1.35), increased body fat (adjOR: 1.29), central obesity (adjOR: 1.36), elevated blood pressure (adjOR: 1.26), high HbA1c (adjOR: 1.20), hyperinsulinemia (adjOR: 1.75), increased HOMA-IR (adjOR: 1.45), increased HOMA-β (adjOR: 1.40), hypertriglyceridemia (adjOR: 1.60), hypercholesterolemia (adjOR: 1.25), elevated hsCRP (adjOR: 1.34), increased fibrinogen (adjOR: 1.45), hyperuricemia (adjOR: 1.47), and metabolic syndrome (adjOR: 1.42), but significant risk of low fasting glucose (adjOR: 0.89). Mediation analysis indicates that insulin resistance mediates the majority of the association between thyroid hormone status and the metabolic syndrome. (4) Conclusion: Elevated hsTSH within the normal range is a cardiometabolic risk marker associated with central obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, inflammation, and hypercoagulability.

Smoking is associated with increased free testosterone and fasting insulin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in aggravated insulin resistance

2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Cupisti ◽  
Lothar Häberle ◽  
Ralf Dittrich ◽  
Patricia G. Oppelt ◽  
Christine Reissmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Levels

scholarly journals Body composition and risk for metabolic alterations in female adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Rodrigues de Faria ◽  
Cristiana Araújo Gontijo ◽  
Sylvia do Carmo C. Franceschini ◽  
Maria do Carmo G. Peluzio ◽  
Silvia Eloiza Priore
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Body Fat Percent

OBJECTIVE: To study anthropometrical and body composition variables as predictors of risk for metabolic alterations and metabolic syndrome in female adolescents.METHODS: Biochemical, clinical and corporal composition data of 100 adolescents from 14 to 17 years old, who attended public schools in Viçosa, Southeastern Brazil, were collected.RESULTS: Regarding nutritional status, 83, 11 and 6% showed eutrophia, overweight/obesity and low weight, respectively, and 61% presented high body fat percent. Total cholesterol presented the highest percentage of inadequacy (57%), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL - 50%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL - 47%) and triacylglycerol (22%). Inadequacy was observed in 11, 9, 3 and 4% in relation to insulin resistance, fasting insulin, blood pressure and glycemia, respectively. The highest values of the fasting insulin and the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) were verified at the highest quartiles of body mass index (BMI), waist perimeter, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percent. Body mass index, waist perimeter, and waist-to-height ratio were the better predictors for high levels of HOMA-IR, blood glucose and fasting insulin. Waist-to-hip ratio was associated to arterial hypertension diagnosis. All body composition variables were effective in metabolic syndrome diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Waist perimeter, BMI and waist-to-height ratio showed to be good predictors for metabolic alterations in female adolescents and then should be used together for the nutritional assessment in this age range.

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