scholarly journals Potential effects of low molecular weight phthalate esters (C16H22O4and C12H14O4) on the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Poopal ◽  
M. Ramesh ◽  
V. Maruthappan ◽  
R. Babu Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Diethyl Phthalate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

The aim of the present study is to assess the toxic effect of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) on the freshwater fishCyprinus carpio.

scholarly journals Dimethyl Phthalate Induces Blood Immunotoxicity Through Oxidative Damage And Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Chi ◽  
Hongwei Lin ◽  
Xuanlin Meng ◽  
Jieqiong Zhou ◽  
Li Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Phthalate Ester ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a low molecular weight phthalate ester, is present in ectoparasiticides, plastics, and insect repellants, has been linked to neurotoxic, reproductive, and endocrine disruptive responses. However, its blood immunotoxic effects and mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, rats were exposed to graded concentrations of DMP through intragastric administration to assess the blood immunotoxic effects using a combination assay of biomarker, cytometry, and transcriptomics. DMP treatment altered the redox status of rats, causing that oxidative damage. Significantly decreased blood cell counts and disordered antibody and cytokine secretion were observed, suggesting the suppressed immune defense and destructed inflammatory regulation. Flow cytometry showed for lymphocytes, especially CD3+CD4+ T cells, apoptosis/necrosis occurred positively related to DMP exposure level. Transcriptomics revealed responses that were in line with oxidative damage effects. Overexpression of the Bcl-2 family genes and activation of the Fas/FasL pathway trigger downstream caspase cascade, causing reactive oxygen species signaling mediated apoptosis/necrosis. This is the first report on immunotoxic effects of low molecular weight phthalate esters.

Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Components in Disposable Food Contact Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 857-860
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Chi ◽  
Wei Li Liu ◽  
Guang Hui Hu ◽  
Xia Gao ◽  
Ting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Food Contact Materials ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Food Simulants

Harmful low molecular weight substances in fifteen commercially available disposable cups were qualitatively analyzed. Contents of several suspected low molecular weight substances containing 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,Oleamide, Dibutyl phthalate in 15 disposable cups were quantitatively analyzed. The amount of igration of low molecular weight substances (DBP) in three food simulants was analyzed.

scholarly journals On the venom of the lesser weeverfish, Trachinus vipera

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Neurotoxic Effect ◽  
Local Pain ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Single Complex

SUMMARYA method is described for obtaining the venom from the dorsal fin of the lesser weever without harming the fish. It is suggested that the amount of venom normally injected into the wound by the weever when it stings is O-5-O-2 mg dry weight of venom. Some 60% of the dry weight of the venom appears to consist of toxic muco-substances, which have a neurotoxic effect, but are without toxic effect on the blood. In extracts this fraction may be separated into two albumins and an amino polysaccharide, though in the native venom these are probably associated into a single complex mucosubstance. When injected subcutaneously this fraction of the venom produces no local pain. The venom also contains about 1-20 jug/mg (dry-weight basis) of 5-hydroxytryptamine which appears to be the origin of the pain of the sting, together with some undetermined histamine releaser (not an indole) of low molecular weight. It is suggested that the chief role of the 5-hydroxytryptamine in the venom is to produce pain around the area of the inflicted wound.

scholarly journals Elimination of the toxic effect of copper sulfate is accompanied by the normalization of liver function in fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-663
Author(s):  
A. I. Bozhkov ◽  
A. A. Bozhkov ◽  
I. E. Ponomarenko ◽  
N. I. Kurguzova ◽  
R. A. Akzhyhitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The search for biologically active compounds that regulate liver function in fibrosis is an urgent medical and biological problem. A working hypothesis was tested, according to which low molecular weight biologically active compounds from Pleurotus ostreatus and Sacharamirses cerevisiae are capable of exerting immunomodulatory and antitoxic effects after intoxication of the body with ions of heavy metals, in particular copper sulfate. Elimination of the toxic effect caused by copper sulfate can also ensure the normalization of liver function in various pathologies, in particular with liver fibrosis. When determining toxicity, a study was carried out on Wistar rats, and when studying the effect of low molecular weight biologically active compounds on liver function, clinical trials were carried out on volunteers. The activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, actonitase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the content of bilirubin and lipid hydroperoxides were determined. It was shown that preliminary administration of biologically active compounds to rats at a dose of 0.05 mL/100 g of body weight provided the formation in some animals (up to 80%) of resistance to the toxic effect of copper sulfate (dose 2.5 mg/100 g of body weight). Such stability is associated with a shift in the balance of “prooxidants-antioxidants” towards antioxidants. The data obtained in the clinic on volunteers with liver fibrosis and hepatitis also testify in favour of the membranotropic action of biologically active compounds. Biologically active compounds provided a decrease or complete restoration of the activity of transferases (ALT and AST) in the blood serum of these patients, with the exception of one patient out of 20 examined. Our experiment has shown the relationship between the elimination of toxicity to the action of copper sulfate and the normalization of liver function in patients. The results obtained indicate that it will be promising to use a complex of low molecular weight components from P. ostreatus and S. cerevisiae as an antidote and hepatoprotective agent.

Correction of the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide on hemopoiesis in animals with lewis lung carcinoma using low-molecular-weight sodium alginate

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Rybalkina ◽  
N. N. Ermakova ◽  
T. G. Razina ◽  
E. P. Zueva ◽  
E. G. Skurikhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Lewis Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Lewis Lung

A high-performance oil-free backing pump for electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G.K.W. Balkau ◽  
E. Bez ◽  
J.L. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rotary Pumps ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The earliest account of the contamination of electron microscope specimens by the deposition of carbonaceous material during electron irradiation was published in 1947 by Watson who was then working in Canada. It was soon established that this carbonaceous material is formed from organic vapours, and it is now recognized that the principal source is the oil-sealed rotary pumps which provide the backing vacuum. It has been shown that the organic vapours consist of low molecular weight fragments of oil molecules which have been degraded at hot spots produced by friction between the vanes and the surfaces on which they slide. As satisfactory oil-free pumps are unavailable, it is standard electron microscope practice to reduce the partial pressure of organic vapours in the microscope in the vicinity of the specimen by using liquid-nitrogen cooled anti-contamination devices. Traps of this type are sufficient to reduce the contamination rate to about 0.1 Å per min, which is tolerable for many investigations.

Low-molecular-weight heparin in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R Hermes De Santis ◽  
Betsy S Laumeister ◽  
Vidhu Bansal ◽  
Vandana Kataria ◽  
Preeti Loomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Prevention And Treatment
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