Artificial Osteochondral Interface of Bioactive Fibrous Membranes Mediating Calcified Cartilage Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengtao Liu ◽  
Xiurong Ke ◽  
Yuejun Yao ◽  
Fanghui Wu ◽  
Shuo Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Interface Region ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Reconstruction ◽  
Fibrous Membranes

Calcified cartilage is a mineralized osteochondral interface region between the hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone, whereas there were few reported artificial biomaterials that could offer bioactivities for substantial reconstruction of...

Transverse Fracture of the Proximal Humeral Articular Cartilage in Dogs (So-called Osteochondritis Dissecans)

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Cordy ◽  
Alida P. Wind
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Transverse Fracture ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Deep Surface ◽  
Calcified Cartilage

A disease in young, predominantly male dogs of heavier breeds, commonly called osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder, was found to be a transverse fracture of humeral articular cartilage along the ‘tidemark’ (the junction of uncalcified and calcified cartilage) rather than through necrotic subchondral bone. The lesion was characterized by a profile of plaques of remnant calcified cartilage in the floor of the defect, with variable proliferation of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage, primitive cartilage, and bone derived from the underlying tissue. The sequestral fragment was composed of viable hyaline cartilage with small areas of calcified cartilage in the deep surface.

Effect of exercise on thicknesses of mature hyaline cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone of equine tarsi

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1477-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyne A. Tranquille ◽  
Antony S. Blunden ◽  
Sue J. Dyson ◽  
Tim D. H. Parkin ◽  
Allen E. Goodship ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Calcified Cartilage

Histological Features of Osteoarthritis in a State of Decompensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Timur B. Minasov ◽  
Ekaterina R. Yakupova ◽  
Dilmurod Ruziboev ◽  
Ruslan M. Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Ruslan F. Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Social Significance

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main reasons for decreased mobility in patients of the older age group. Increasing the life expectancy leads to predominance non-epidemic pathology in all developed countries. Therefore, degenerative diseases of musculoskeletal system have not only medical significance but also social significance. Objective is studying the morphological features of synovial environment of the decompensated osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. Structural features of subchondral bone, hyaline cartilage of the femur and tibia, the articular capsule, menisci and ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint were studied in 64 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Bashkirian State Medical University in the period from 2015 to 2020. Material selection, preparation of histological samples, staining with hematoxylin-eosin, microscopy was performed. Adaptive signs of articular cartilage of the femoral condyles manifest in the form of cartilage tissue rearrangement, which are most pronounced in the central zone of the cartilage. At the same time, the phenomena of decompensation and significant areas of destruction are noted. Also, the subchondral bone was replaced with connective tissue with subsequent sclerosis. This sclerosis subsequently led to the decompensation of structures of the hyaline cartilage in the deep and middle zones. Destructive and dystrophic processes were noted in the knee joint menisci. Articular cartilage was replaced with granulation tissue with subsequent invasion of blood vessels. Cruciate ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation due to expansion of endothenonium layers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Annulus Fibrosus Can Strip Hyaline Cartilage End Plate from Subchondral Bone: A Study of the Intervertebral Disk in Tension

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Balkovec ◽  
Michael A. Adams ◽  
Patricia Dolan ◽  
Stuart M. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
End Plate

scholarly journals Biochemical Signals Mediate the Crosstalk between Cartilage and Bone in Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xuchang Zhou ◽  
Hong Cao ◽  
Yu Yuan ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Subchondral Bone Plate ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
Osteoarthritis Treatment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biochemical Signals ◽  
Joint Integrity

Osteochondral junction is a functional unit comprising the articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone. Alteration in any component of this composite unit can disrupt the joint integrity and function directly or indirectly. Biochemical signals mediate the crosstalk between tissues and play an essential role in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. As osteoarthritis progresses, abnormal subchondral bone remodelling leads to increased angiogenesis and porosity of the subchondral bone plate, which further triggers biochemical signals to mediate the crosstalk between cartilage and bone, contributing to the progression of osteoarthritis. Notably, common biochemical signals include the TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, RANK/RANKL/OPG, and MAPK pathways. This biomarker crosstalk network is the basis of osteoarthritis pathogenesis, and some of their key regulators may be potential therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis drug therapy. This review summarised the biochemical crosstalk between cartilage and bone in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, which may provide the basis for the discovery of osteoarthritis treatment targets.

An Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold With Kartogenin-Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Porcine Cartilage Regeneration: A 12-Month Follow-up Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 3233-3244
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Yan ◽  
Xingquan Xu ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Ziying Sun ◽  
Zhongyang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Subchondral Bone Tissue

Background: Treatment of cartilage lesions is clinically challenging. A previous study demonstrated that a hyaluronic acid hydrogel ( m-HA) with kartogenin (KGN)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles ( m-HA+KGN treatment) achieved superior cartilage repair in a rabbit model. However, large animals serve as a bridge to translate animal outcomes into the clinic. Hypotheses: (1) m-HA+KGN treatment could facilitate hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair in a porcine model. (2) Defect size and type (full-thickness chondral vs osteochondral) influence the therapeutic efficacy of m-HA+KGN treatment. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: 48 minipigs were randomized into 3 treatment groups: m-HA hydrogel with KGN-loaded PLGA nanoparticles ( m-HA+KGN treatment), m-HA hydrogel ( m-HA treatment), and untreated (blank treatment). Full-thickness chondral (6.5 mm or 8.5 mm in diameter) or osteochondral (6.5 mm or 8.5 mm in diameter; 5-mm depth) defects were prepared in the medial femoral condyle. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, defect repair was assessed by macroscopic appearance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro–computed tomography (µCT), and histologic and biomechanical tests. Results: The m-HA+KGN group exhibited superior gross and histological healing after evaluation at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Improved quality of the repaired cartilage demonstrated by MRI and better subchondral bone reconstruction assessed by µCT were observed in the m-HA+KGN group. The m-HA+KGN group showed more hyaline-like cartilage exhibited by histological staining in terms of extracellular matrix, cartilage lacuna, and type II collagen. The biomechanical properties were improved in the m-HA+KGN group. With m-HA+KGN treatment, defects with a diameter of 6.5 mm or full-thickness chondral-type defects possessed significantly higher ICRS macroscopic and histological scores compared with diameter 8.5 mm or osteochondral-type defects. Conclusion: (1) m-HA+KGN treatment facilitated hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair in a porcine model at the 12-month follow-up. (2) m-HA+KGN treatment demonstrated better therapeutic efficacy in defects with a diameter of 6.5 mm or full-thickness chondral-type defects. Clinical Relevance: This study verified the efficacy of this innovative KGN release system on cartilage repair. The KGN release system can be injected into defect sites arthroscopically. This convenient and minimally invasive operation holds important prospects for clinical application.

scholarly journals Supramalleolar osteotomy and AMIC cartilage reconstruction in severe cartilage lesion

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0048
Author(s):  
Hajo Thermann
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cartilage Lesion ◽  
Bone Plate ◽  
Subchondral Bone Plate ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Supramalleolar Osteotomy ◽  
Cartilage Reconstruction

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Severve cartilage lesion is defined by the author as: Cartilage substantial deterioration of the subchondral bone Kissing lesion, tibial and talar lesion. Gross cystic lesion Cartilage damage greater than 1/3 of the talar dome or the tibial platform Slerotic changes of the subchondral bone plate in arthritic cases in severe hindfoot varus or valgus alignment. This paper shows in a case series, exceptional cartilage lesions with the above mentioned pathological changes. The indications, strategies for osteotomies and the treatment strategies in malaligned bipolar, cystic and gross cartilage lesions is explained. Methods: 35 patients with severe circumscript varus / valgus arthritis have been operated by supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT), 11 of them with (tibial & talar “kissing”) lesions. 70 patients presented bipolar (tibial & talar “kissing”) lesions with correct hindfoot axis. 18 patients had a gross cystic lesion and were additionally treated with filling of the cysts. 2 of them had a “kissing lesion”. Results: All patients received an AMIC procedure (hyaluronic matrix, Hyalofast©) for cartilage reconstruction. The biological healing support was in all cases bone marrow aspirate and ACP© growth factors. The subchondral bone plate was treated aggressively was a power raps or burr according to L. Johnson technique The importance of a supramalleolar and calcaneous osteotomy in a hindfoot malalignment (varus / valgus) as a treatment key aspect for load transfer is elaborated. Planned early implant removal with revision und biological boosting of the cartilage regeneration is a further cornerstone of the treatment. Followup were evaluated by FAOS score Conclusion: This cases series have shown the possibilities for a successfull managing of this severe lesions and offers also its limit in the over all results.

scholarly journals Multi-scalar mechanical testing of the calcified cartilage and subchondral bone comparing healthy vs early degenerative states

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1755-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hargrave-Thomas ◽  
F. van Sloun ◽  
M. Dickinson ◽  
N. Broom ◽  
A. Thambyah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Calcified Cartilage

Osteoarthritis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Knee Oa

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder of synovial joints and is characterized by the combination of focal hyaline cartilage loss and accompanying subchondral bone remodelling and marginal new bone formation (osteophyte). It has genetic, constitutional, and environmental risk factors and presents a spectrum of clinical phenotypes and outcomes. OA commonly affects just one region (e.g. knee OA, hip OA). However, multiple hand interphalangeal joint OA, usually accompanied by posterolateral firm swellings (nodes), is a marker for a tendency towards polyarticular ‘generalized nodal OA’.

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