The Assessment of Acid-Base Disturbance in Man by the Use of Carbon Dioxide Titration Curves

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
J. B. Stoker ◽  
C. T. Kappagoda ◽  
H. M. Snow ◽  
R. J. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Titration Curve ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Simple Scheme ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Base Disturbance

1. Carbon dioxide titration curves were determined in vivo in dog and man at various degrees of acute non-respiratory acidaemia and alkalaemia. 2. The slope of the CO2 titration curve (Δlog Pco2/ΔpH) was found to increase with the severity of the acute non-respiratory acidaemia. In states of acute non-respiratory alkalaemia the slope (Δlog Pco2/ΔpH) tended towards unity. 3. A simple scheme based on the CO2 titration curves determined in vivo has been proposed for the assessment of acute acid-base disturbances in man. 4. Carbon dioxide titration curves were also determined in vivo in patients with chronic respiratory and non-respiratory acidaemia and it was found that these curves were not significantly different from those obtained in states of acute acid-base disturbances. It is therefore suggested that the scheme described in this paper is applicable to all acid-base disturbances.

Effect of changes in the red cell volume on the carbon dioxide titration curve in vivo in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-503
Author(s):  
S. Kaufman ◽  
C. T. Kappagoda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Titration Curve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Titration Curves

Acute in vivo CO2 titration curves were performed on rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. The slope of the in vivo CO2 titration curve in the rat was found to be similar to that previously reported in the dog and in man. Removal of approximately 30% of the haemoglobin of the body did not influence significantly the slope of the in vivo CO2 titration curve in the rat.

A New Method for Assessing States of Acute Acidaemia in Man

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Stoker ◽  
C. T. Kappagoda ◽  
V. A. Grimshaw ◽  
R. J. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Titration Curve ◽  
New Method ◽  
Simple Scheme ◽  
Titration Curves

1. CO2 titration curves in vivo were determined at various degrees of acute non-respiratory acidaemia in man. 2. The slope of the CO2 titration curve was found to increase as the severity of the acute non-respiratory acidaemia increased. 3. A simple scheme based on the CO2 titration curves in vivo has been proposed for the assessment of acute acidaemia in man.

Metabolic Alkalosis Secondary to Baking Soda Treatment of a Diaper Rash

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-822
Author(s):  
Jose Gonzalez ◽  
Ronald J. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Prior Application ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Base Disturbance

A 4-month-old infant was seen with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis that was associated with prior application of liberal amounts of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to a diaper rash. After exclusion of other etiologies of the infant's acid-base disturbance, a complete resolution occurred following discontinuation of the baking soda applications. This case report provides a reminder of the significant side effects that may result from the excessive use of a seemingly harmless household substance.

Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-725
Author(s):  
J. N. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Compensation Mechanism ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Unidirectional Flux ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Base Disturbance ◽  
Na Uptake

1. Techniques for the measurement of unidirectional flux rates in fish which require no anaesthesia or surgery are described. 2. Resting values for Cl- uptake at 10 and 17 degrees C were 8–03 +/− 1–11 and 13–52 +/− 0–95 mu-equiv. 200 g-1 h-1 (+/− S.E.), respectively; and for Na+ the rates were 15–49 +/− 0–40 and 26–30 +/− 0–36, respectively. 3. Hypercapnic acidosis caused an increase in Na+ uptake, presumably through Na+/H+ (or NH+4) exchange. It is suggested that this is a compensation mechanism leading to the increase in blood buffering observed in response to hypercapnia. 4. Alkalosis was observed following acute temperature increase and was accompanied by an increase in the rate of Cl-/HCO-3 exchange and also by an increase in Na+/H+ exchange. 5. The role of these branchial ion exchange mechanisms in overall acidbase regulation is discussed.

The effects of enforced activity on ventilation, circulation and blood acid-base balance in the semi-terrestrial anuran, Bufo marinus

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald ◽  
R. G. Boutilier ◽  
D. P. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Base Disturbance

Strenuous exercise results in a marked blood acid-base disturbance which is accompanied by large increases in ventilation rate, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Recovery to normal resting values follows an exponential time course with a half-time of approximately 2 h for all parameters except Pa, CO2 and ventilation rate. The latter return to normal by 30 min following the exercise period. Analysis reveals that there is initially a large discrepancy between the quantity of metabolic acids buffered in the blood and the blood lactate levels. The significance of this finding is discussed. Significant changes in the concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate and lactate, in both plasma and erythrocytes, accompany the blood acid-base disturbance. Chloride and bicarbonate appear to be passively distributed between the two compartments according to a Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium whereas lactate only slowly permeates the erythrocyte.

An Analysis of Acid-Base Disturbances in the Haemolymph Following Strenuous Activity in the Dungeness Crab, Cancer Magister

1979 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
D. G. McDONALD ◽  
B. R. McMAHON ◽  
C. M. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Dungeness Crab ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Cancer Magister ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Strenuous Activity ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Acid Base Disturbance ◽  
Base Disturbance

Enforced activity causes a marked depression of haemofymph pH in Cancer magister. Both lactate concentration and PCOCO2 of the haemolymph are elevated immediately following exercise but resting PCOCO2 is restored within 30 min whereas resting lactate levels are not restored for at least 8 h. The haemolymph acid-base disturbance is caused largely by elevated haemolymph lactate levels but a Davenport analysis based on measurements of pH and total CO2 reveals a marked discrepancy between the amount of metabolic acid buffered by the haemolymph and the lactate anion concentration. This appears due to a more rapid release of lactate from the tissues than H+ ions produced with lactate.

The Co2 Titration Curve of Mixed Venous Blood

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Kappagoda ◽  
J. B. Stoker ◽  
H. M. Snow ◽  
R. J. Linden
Keyword(s):  
Titration Curve ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Mixed Venous

1. Simultaneous CO2 titration curves of arterial and mixed venous blood were determined in both dog and man in vivo. 2. The slopes of the CO2 titration curves of mixed venous blood were significantly less than those of the corresponding arterial curves. 3. The non-respiratory pH values of the CO2 titration curves of mixed venous blood were significantly greater than those of the corresponding arterial curves. 4. The theoretical explanations of these differences have been discussed.

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