Effect of cigarette smoking on levels of bioavailable testosterone in healthy men

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. ENGLISH ◽  
Peter J. PUGH ◽  
Helen PARRY ◽  
Nanette E. SCUTT ◽  
Kevin S. CHANNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Control Study

The effect of smoking on androgen levels is important given the recent interest in the link between low levels of androgens and the development of cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies examining the effects of cigarette smoking on the levels of total and free testosterone have reported conflicting findings, but there has been no accurate assessment of the effects of cigarette smoking on the levels of bioavailable testosterone [not bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)]. We attempted to determine whether smoking affects the level of bioavailable testosterone. We undertook a case-control study of 25 healthy male smokers and 25 healthy never-smokers, matched by age and body mass index. Early morning levels of total, free and bioavailable testosterone, 17β-oestradiol, SHBG and cotinine were determined and compared between the two groups. Levels of total (18.5 ± 4.6 ± nM versus 15.1 ± 4.9 ± nM, P = 0.01) and free testosterone (462 ± 91 ± pM versus 402 ± 93 ± pM, P = 0.03) were found to be higher in smokers compared with non-smokers respectively, as was SHBG (34.1 ± 12.8 versus 28.1 ± 9.0 ± nM, P = 0.06). There were no significant differences in the levels of bioavailable testosterone (3.78 ± 1.59 versus 3.51 ± 1.26 ± nM, P = 0.49) or 17β-oestradiol (44.5 ± 11.4 versus 42.3 ± 11.5 ± pM, P = 0.50) between smokers and non-smokers respectively. These data suggest that cigarette smoking has no significant effect on the biologically active fraction of testosterone, but may influence the levels of total and free testosterone through changes in the levels of SHBG.

scholarly journals Total estradiol, rather than testosterone levels, predicts osteoporosis in aging men

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Clapauch ◽  
Tatiana Martins Mattos ◽  
Patrícia Silva ◽  
Lizanka Paola Marinheiro ◽  
Salo Buksman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Cutoff Levels

OBJECTIVE: To study and establish sex hormone cutoff levels for osteoporosis risk in men over 50 years old. METHODS: Case-control study of 216 men > 50 years, 110 with osteoporosis (O) and 106 with normal bone density (C). We measured estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (TT) and albumin. Free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) were calculated through Vermeulen's formula. RESULTS: There was no difference in TT between groups. Relative risks of osteoporosis were 1.89 for E2 < 37 pg/mL (p = 0.02); 1.91 for SHBG > 55 nmol/L (p = 0.019); 2.5 for FT < 7 ng/dL (p = 0.015); 2.7 for BT < 180 ng/dL (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: In men over 50 years old, TT was not indicative of osteoporosis risk while E2 < 37 ng/mL was. SHBG > 55 nmol/L, FT < 7 ng/dL and BT < 180 ng/dL can represent additional indications for osteoporosis screening in men over 50 years old.

Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer, Cigarette Smoking, and Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in Northern Italy

Pancreas ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigina Bonelli ◽  
Hugo Aste ◽  
Paolo Bovo ◽  
Giorgio Cavallini ◽  
Martina Felder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer

scholarly journals In men older than 70 years, total testosterone remains stable while free testosterone declines with age. The Health in Men Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu B Yeap ◽  
Osvaldo P Almeida ◽  
Zoë Hyde ◽  
Paul E Norman ◽  
S A Paul Chubb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Objective: An age-related decline in serum total and free testosterone concentration may contribute to ill health in men, but limited data are available for men > 70 years of age. We sought to determine the distribution and associations of reduced testosterone concentrations in older men. Design: The Health in Men Study is a community-representative prospective cohort investigation of 4263 men aged ≥ 70 years. Cross-sectional hormone data from 3645 men were analysed. Methods: Early morning sera were assayed for total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and LH. Free testosterone was calculated using the Vermeulen method. Results: Mean (± s.d.) serum total testosterone was 15.4 ± 5.6 nmol/l (444 ± 162 ng/dl), SHBG 42.4 ± 16.7 nmol/l and free testosterone 278 ± 96 pmol/l (8.01 ± 2.78 ng/dl). Total testosterone correlated with SHBG (Spearman’s r = 0.6, P < 0.0001). LH and SHBG increased with age (r = 0.2, P < 0.0001 for both). Instead of declining, total testosterone increased marginally (r = 0.04, P = 0.007) whilst free testosterone declined with age (r = −0.1, P < 0.0001). Free testosterone was inversely correlated with LH (r = −0.1, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, increasing age, body mass index (BMI) and LH were associated with lower free testosterone. Conclusions: In men aged 70–89 years, modulation of androgen action may occur via an age-related increase in SHBG and reduction in free testosterone without a decline in total testosterone concentration. Increasing age, BMI and LH are independently associated with lower free testosterone. Further investigation would be required to assess the clinical consequences of low serum free testosterone, particularly in older men in whom total testosterone may be preserved.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer: a Case-control Study in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 6643-6647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Ilic ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Jelena Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of preterm birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Berhanu Senbeta Deriba ◽  
Agumas Fentahun Ayalew ◽  
Addis Adera Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

Background: Around 15 million babies are born prematurely in the world every year. The most common cause of neonatal death in Ethiopia is premature birth. To reduce the rate of preterm delivery by correcting modifiable or preventable causes, the availability of local data is important. Hence, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preterm birth among women who gave birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia. Methods: An Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in central Ethiopia to select 170 cases and 340 controls. The collected data were entered into EPI INFO and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the results. Binary and multiple logistic regressions analysis were computed to identify determinants of preterm birth. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and a p-value < 0.05 were computed to determine the presence of an association between preterm birth and independent variables. Results: A total of 166 cases and 332 controls participated in the study, giving a response rate of 97.6%. Cigarette smoking (AOR=3.77, 95% CI=1.35,10.56), alcohol consumption (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.11,3.10), wanted but unplanned pregnancy (AOR=3,95% CI=1.68,5.34), neither wanted nor planned pregnancy(AOR=3.61% CI=1.62,8.06), lack of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=4.13, 95% CI=1.95, 8.74), adverse birth outcomes (AOR=5.66, 95% CI=2.88,11.12), presence of a diagnosed illness (AOR=2.81, 95% CI=1.37, 5.76), presence of one or more of obstetrics complications(AOR=6.44, 95% CI=5.49, 3.35, 9), and hemoglobin level < 11g/dl  (AOR=2.78, 95% CI=1.48, 5.22) were determinants of preterm birth. Conclusion:-In this study, cigarette smoking status, alcohol drinking status, pregnancy status, adverse birth outcomes, ANC visits, obstetric complications,  presence of medical illness, and anemia were identified as determinants of preterm birth. It is important to encourage such women to attend ANC visits, stop smoking, and abstain from alcohol.

scholarly journals Occupation, smoking, opium, and bladder cancer: A case–control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayeb Ghadimi ◽  
Bahman Gheitasi ◽  
Sayran Nili ◽  
Mohammad Karimi ◽  
Ebrahim Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Opium Abuse ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate occupational risk factors associated with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, control group included patients who referred to a specialized clinic in the same city and hospitals where patients had been registered. Data were entered into SPSS software. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for occupational variables and other characteristics. Then, using logistic regression, the association between cancer and drugs was studied while smoking was controlled. Results: Cigarette smoking, even after quitting, was also associated with bladder cancer (OR = 2.549). Considering the classification of occupations, the OR of working in metal industry in patients was 10.629. Multivariate analysis showed that use of the drug by itself can be a risk factor for bladder cancer. Drug abuse together with the control of smoking increased the risk of bladder cancer by 4.959. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, contact with metal industries such as welding, and working with tin was found as a risk factor for bladder cancer. In addition, cigarette smoking and opium abuse individually were associated with bladder cancer.

A population-based case-control study of the relationship between cigarette smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer (United States)

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangmin Zhu ◽  
Robert S. Levine ◽  
Edward A. Brann ◽  
Douglas R. Gnepp ◽  
Marianna K. Baum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione S Transferases M1 and T1 in Indian Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Luqman A. Khan ◽  
S. A. Husain ◽  
Sajid Husain ◽  
Manash P. Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Gstt1 Null Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objective:Our aim was to evaluate whether the association of GSTM1/T1 gene polymorphisms modifies the risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and what is its correlation with other predisposing risk factors like alcohol intake, cigarette smoking and hepatitis B and C infections.Study design/setting:It was a case-control study, included 254 HCC cases compared with 525 hospital-based age and sex matched cases of chronic liver disease without HCC as controls from Indian population. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were detected using conventional multiplex PCR method.Results:In this case-control study, we observed a positive correlation between age, HBV and HCV infection, smoking habit of > 20 packs/year, alcohol consumption of > 100 g/day and risk of liver cancer. We found significantly increased risk associated with GSTM1 null genotype (OR = 3.49; 95% CI = 2.52–4.84) as well as GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 3.12; 95% CI = 2.19–4.45), respectively. However, an increased risk of HCC was observed among heavy drinkers with GSTM1 (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.11–3.66). Further, cigarette smoking showed a non-significant association with GSTT1 (OR = 1.49; CI = 0.69–3.25).Conclusion:Our results suggest that the variants in low penetrance gene such as GSTM1 and GSTT1 are associated with an increased liver cancer risk. Further, an influence of GSTM1/T1 null genotypes may contribute in the etiology of HCC in patients with higher cigarette and alcohol consumption.

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