The Copley Medal is awarded to Sir Lawrence Bragg, O.B.E., M.C., F.R.S. Bragg’s career has precisely coincided with the growth of a major field of science—the X-ray diffraction analysis of crystal structures. This had its beginning in his own early researches, and he has throughout played a principal role by his leadership at a series of laboratories, at Manchester, at the National Physical Laboratory, at Cambridge and at the Royal Institution, and in many other ways. He was the first to determine the atomic arrangement in a crystal (sodium chloride), and this work marked the introduction of a technique which has since been successfully applied to increasingly complicated molecules, culminating in the complete structure determination of the protein lysozyme at the Royal Institution a year before his retirement. Bragg has been prominent in the development of methods, beginning with the Law named after him; he also pioneered or encouraged the application of these methods in several fields—ionic crystals, elementary oxides, silicates, metals and proteins. The striking characteristic of Bragg as a scientist has been his direct and simple approach to complicated physical situations; his solutions of problems have a lucidity and simplicity which, in retrospect, make one forget how baffling they often seemed in advance.
A simple approach to the determination of the crystallographic orientation: applications and accuracy