Testing adaptation with phylogeny: how to account for phylogenetic pattern and selective value together

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Grandcolas ◽  
Cyrille D'Haese
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Pattern

THE PHYLOGENETIC PATTERN OF SPECIATION AND WING PATTERN CHANGE IN NEOTROPICAL ITHOMIA BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)

Evolution ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Chris D. Jiggins ◽  
Ricardo Mallarino ◽  
Keith R. Willmott ◽  
Eldredge Bermingham
Keyword(s):  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Pattern Change

scholarly journals Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Toledo ◽  
M.S. Bargo ◽  
S.F. Vizcaíno ◽  
G. De Iuliis ◽  
F. Pujos
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRACTPilosa include anteaters (Vermilingua) and sloths (Folivora). Modern tree sloths are represented by two genera, Bradypus and Choloepus (both around 4–6 kg), whereas the fossil record is very diverse, with approximately 90 genera ranging in age from the Oligocene to the early Holocene. Fossil sloths include four main clades, Megalonychidae, Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae, and Mylodontidae, ranging in size from tens of kilograms to several tons. Modern Vermilingua are represented by three genera, Cyclopes, Tamandua and Myrmecophaga, with a size range from 0.25 kg to about 30 kg, and their fossil record is scarce and fragmentary. The dependence of the body size on phylogenetic pattern of Pilosa is analysed here, according to current cladistic hypotheses. Orthonormal decomposition analysis and Abouheif C-mean were performed. Statistics were significantly different from the null-hypothesis, supporting the hypothesis that body size variation correlates with the phylogenetic pattern. Most of the correlation is concentrated within Vermilingua, and less within Mylodontidae, Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae and Megalonychidae. Influence of basal metabolic rate (BMR), dietary habits and substrate preference is discussed. In anteaters, specialised insectivory is proposed as the primary constraint on body size evolution. In the case of sloths, mylodontids, megatheriids and nothrotheriids show increasing body size through time; whereas megalonychids retain a wider diversity of sizes. Interplay between BMR and dietary habits appears to be the main factor in shaping evolution of sloth body size.

Phylogenetic pattern and the quantification of organismal biodiversity

1994 ◽  
Vol 345 (1311) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Option Value ◽  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Proper Consideration

Biodiversity can be explored at a number of different levels and in principle may be separately quantified at each. Phylogenetic pattern has the potential to quantify and estimate biodiversity at the finest scale, that is, variation among species in features or attributes. This scale is an important one for conservation, as it should form the basis for prioritizing conservation efforts at the species level. Further, recent published objections to differentially weighting species are answered by defining option value at this feature-level. Unfortunately, there has been no consensus on exactly how phylogeny can be used to value species, possibly because proper consideration of the link between pattern and underlying features generally has been unresolved. ‘Phylogenetic diversity’ (PD) represents just one of several approaches that do consider diversity at the feature-level explicitly. These alternative approaches are discussed in the context of a general framework for using pattern to quantify diversity at a level below that of the original objects. The pattern framework highlights that estimation of biodiversity at a lower level using pattern will require decisions about the nature of the units of diversity, the kind of pattern to be used, the model relating unit items to pattern, and finally how this implies a pattern-based measure reflecting biodiversity. An alternative published model for relating features to a particular form of phylogenetic pattern is considered, and shown to make unwarranted assumptions. A possible alternative definition of the underlying units of diversity is examined, which may represent a different form of option value, also quantifiable using phylogeny. A possible alternative pattern to a phylogenetic tree for the prediction of feature diversity is also discussed. The appeal of these alternative approaches depends on the goals of conservation; in addition, justification for prioritizing or weighting requires that any practical approach avoid arbitrary, unwarranted, assumptions.

scholarly journals The Role of Edaphic Environment and Climate in Structuring Phylogenetic Pattern in Seasonally Dry Tropical Plant Communities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0119166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Freire Moro ◽  
Igor Aurélio Silva ◽  
Francisca Soares de Araújo ◽  
Eimear Nic Lughadha ◽  
Thomas R. Meagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Tropical Plant Communities

Cytoplasmic DNA disclose high nucleotide diversity and different phylogenetic pattern in Taihangia rupestris Yu et Li

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqin Cheng ◽  
Jingmian Duan ◽  
Zhenbin Jiao ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Fengming Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Pattern ◽  
High Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dna
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