scholarly journals The Impact of Land Use on Hydrological Characteristics and Erosion Rate of Cilutung Watershed with SWAT Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 03029
Author(s):  
Nadzira Fadhilah ◽  
Eko Kusratmoko ◽  
Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
High Erosion Rate ◽  
Acceptable Model ◽  
High Runoff ◽  
The Impact

Cimanuk watershed will be affected directly by the dynamics of Cilutung watershed as one of its tributaries. Cimanuk is one of the watershed areas in West Java Province, that is categorized as a critical potential due to erosion and vegetation damage. This study aims to simulate hydrological conditions and erosion rates for each sub-watershed. This research uses several variables: 1) soil type; 2) topography; 3) land use; and 4) climate (temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity). Analysis conducted is Hydrology Response Units (HRUs) and statistical analysis. Variable physical characteristics are processed by the overlay method for HRUs analysis. Statistical analysis showed the values of R2 and NSE were 0.48 and 0.32. Based on the calibration and validation results, the values of R2 and NSE are 0.75 and 0.46. This shows a satisfactory and acceptable model. The runoff value tends to show a moderate category between 50-80 in the category of Coefficient of Flow Regime and this is precisely proportional to the rate of erosion. Each sub-watershed shows a high runoff value, tends to produce high erosion rate as well and its reverse. The rate of erosion indicates 175.0 tons/ha / year in the medium category.

scholarly journals Impacts of oak deforestation and rainfed cultivation on soil redistribution processes across hillslopes using 137Cs techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsollah Ayoubi ◽  
Nafiseh Sadeghi ◽  
Farideh Abbaszadeh Afshar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abdi ◽  
Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Rainfed Farming

Abstract Background As one of the main components of land-use change, deforestation is considered the greatest threat to global environmental diversity with possible irreversible environmental consequences. Specifically, one example could be the impacts of land-use changes from oak forests into agricultural ecosystems, which may have detrimental impacts on soil mobilization across hillslopes. However, to date, scarce studies are assessing these impacts at different slope positions and soil depths, shedding light on key geomorphological processes. Methods In this research, the Caesium-137 (137Cs) technique was applied to evaluate soil redistribution and soil erosion rates due to the effects of these above-mentioned land-use changes. To achieve this goal, we select a representative area in the Lordegan district, central Iran. 137Cs depth distribution profiles were established in four different hillslope positions after converting natural oak forests to rainfed farming. In each hillslope, soil samples from three depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–50 cm) and in four different slope positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, and footslope) were taken in three transects of about 20 m away from each other. The activity of 137Cs was determined in all the soil samples (72 soil samples) by a gamma spectrometer. In addition, some physicochemical properties and the magnetic susceptibility (MS) of soil samples were measured. Results Erosion rates reached 51.1 t·ha− 1·yr− 1 in rainfed farming, whereas in the natural forest, the erosion rate was 9.3 t·ha− 1·yr− 1. Magnetic susceptibility was considerably lower in the cultivated land (χhf = 43.5 × 10− 8 m3·kg− 1) than in the natural forest (χhf = 55.1 × 10− 8 m3·kg− 1). The lower soil erosion rate in the natural forest land indicated significantly higher MS in all landform positions except at the summit one, compared to that in the rainfed farming land. The shoulder and summit positions were the most erodible hillslope positions in the natural forest and rainfed farming, respectively. Conclusions We concluded that land-use change and hillslope positions played a key role in eroding the surface soils in this area. Moreover, land management can influence soil erosion intensity and may both mitigate and amplify soil loss.

scholarly journals Evaluating and Predicting the Effects of Land Use Changes on Hydrology in Wami River Basin, Tanzania

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekela Twisa ◽  
Shija Kazumba ◽  
Mathew Kurian ◽  
Manfred F. Buchroithner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
River System ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the variation in the hydrological response of a basin associated with land use changes is essential for developing management strategies for water resources. The impact of hydrological changes caused by expected land use changes may be severe for the Wami river system, given its role as a crucial area for water, providing food and livelihoods. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of land use changes on various elements of the hydrological processes of the basin. Hybrid classification, which includes unsupervised and supervised classification techniques, is used to process the images (2000 and 2016), while CA–Markov chain analysis is used to forecast and simulate the 2032 land use state. In the current study, a combined approach—including a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)—is used to explore the influences of individual land use classes on fluctuations in the hydrological components. From the study, it is evident that land use has changed across the basin since 2000 (which is expected to continue in 2032), as well as that the hydrological effects caused by land use changes were observed. It has been found that the major land use changes that affected hydrology components in the basin were expansion of cultivation land, built-up area and grassland, and decline in natural forests and woodland during the study period. These findings provide baseline information for decision-makers and stakeholders concerning land and water resources for better planning and management decisions in the basin resources’ use.

scholarly journals Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS-based universal soil loss equation in northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Narayana Balabathina ◽  
R. P. Raju ◽  
Wuletaw Mulualem ◽  
Gedefaw Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Abstract Background Soil erosion is one of the major environmental challenges and has a significant impact on potential land productivity and food security in many highland regions of Ethiopia. Quantifying and identifying the spatial patterns of soil erosion is important for management. The present study aims to estimate soil erosion by water in the Northern catchment of Lake Tana basin in the NW highlands of Ethiopia. The estimations are based on available data through the application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation integrated with Geographic Information System and remote sensing technologies. The study further explored the effects of land use and land cover, topography, soil erodibility, and drainage density on soil erosion rate in the catchment. Results The total estimated soil loss in the catchment was 1,705,370 tons per year and the mean erosion rate was 37.89 t ha−1 year−1, with a standard deviation of 59.2 t ha−1 year−1. The average annual soil erosion rare for the sub-catchments Derma, Megech, Gumara, Garno, and Gabi Kura were estimated at 46.8, 40.9, 30.9, 30.0, and 29.7 t ha−1 year−1, respectively. Based on estimated erosion rates in the catchment, the grid cells were divided into five different erosion severity classes: very low, low, moderate, high and extreme. The soil erosion severity map showed about 58.9% of the area was in very low erosion potential (0–1 t ha−1 year−1) that contributes only 1.1% of the total soil loss, while 12.4% of the areas (36,617 ha) were in high and extreme erosion potential with erosion rates of 10 t ha−1 year−1 or more that contributed about 82.1% of the total soil loss in the catchment which should be a high priority. Areas with high to extreme erosion severity classes were mostly found in Megech, Gumero and Garno sub-catchments. Results of Multiple linear regression analysis showed a relationship between soil erosion rate (A) and USLE factors that soil erosion rate was most sensitive to the topographic factor (LS) followed by the support practice (P), soil erodibility (K), crop management (C) and rainfall erosivity factor (R). Barenland showed the most severe erosion, followed by croplands and plantation forests in the catchment. Conclusions Use of the erosion severity classes coupled with various individual factors can help to understand the primary processes affecting erosion and spatial patterns in the catchment. This could be used for the site-specific implementation of effective soil conservation practices and land use plans targeted in erosion-prone locations to control soil erosion.

scholarly journals Determination of Shoreline Changes along Upstream of Se San River, Kontum Province based Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Thu Thuy ◽  
Pham Viet Hoa ◽  
Vu Van Tich ◽  
Pham Minh Tam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Shoreline Changes ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Se San river upstream includes Poko tributary (on the right bank) and Dak Bla tributary (on the left bank), mostly located in Kon Tum province. The process of river sediment decline has dramatic shoreline changes in this area, which becomes a driving-force to modify the current socio-economic development as well as the impact on territorial planning in the future. This study aims to analyze the shoreline changes by extracting multi-temporal satellite imagery of Landsat in the period of 1990-2013 and identify its change effects on land-use. The results show that the strongest erosion rate was -2.96 m/year in Dak Bla tributary (in Kon Tum town). And in the Poko tributary, the average value of erosion rate is -1.31 m/year and the average accretion rate is 1.17 m/year. In the context of dramatic land-use change, this approach allows to support for territorial management and illustrates the accretion-erosion relationship in river basin evolution.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SWAT MODEL IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF LAND USE CHANGE IN RUNOFF OF MAROON RIVER IN IRAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 5481-5502
Author(s):  
K SHAFIEI MOTLAGH ◽  
J PORHEMMAT ◽  
H SEDGHI ◽  
M HOSSENI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maroon River

scholarly journals Impact of changes in land use and climate on the Runoff in the coastal areas of South China—A case study of the Nanliujiang catchment

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Yang ◽  
Weihua Xiao ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Ya Huang ◽  
Baoqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Runoff Depth ◽  
The Impact

The intense climate changes and human activities have a great impact on the variation of the runoff of the coastal area of South China. In this work, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to quantify the impact of land use and climate change of the Nanliujiang catchment on the runoff by setting 4 scenarios of land-use and climate change. The results show the runoff of the simulated and measured values had a similar trend. The value of relevant coefficient is above 0.8, and the value of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is about 0.8, which indicate that the SWAT model is fit for the study area. The annual average runoff depth during the period from 1995 to 2013 has increased by 53.5mm, of which the land use change resulted in 13.0mm increase on the annual average runoff depth while the climate change resulted in 40.9mm increase on the annual average runoff depth, therefore, the climate change has greater effect then the land use change. This work will delineate some helpful information for the water resources management as well as ecological protection in the coastal area of South China.

A Procedure to Predict Solid Particle Erosion in Elbows and Tees

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Shirazi ◽  
J. R. Shadley ◽  
B. S. McLaury ◽  
E. F. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sand Size

A semi-empirical procedure has been developed for predicting erosion rates in pipe geometries, such as elbows and tees. The procedure can be used to estimate safe operating conditions and velocities in oil and gas production where sand is present. In the proposed procedure, a concept is introduced that allows determination of erosion rate for different pipe geometries. In the procedure, based on empirical observations, the erosion rate is related to the impact velocity of sand particles on a pipe fitting wall. A simplified particle tracking model is developed and is used to estimate the impact velocity of sand particles moving in a stagnation region near the pipe wall. A new concept of equivalent stagnation length allows the simplified procedure to be applicable to actual pipe geometries. The “equivalent stagnation regions” of an elbow and a tee geometry of different sizes are obtained from experimental data for small pipe diameters, and a computational model is used to extend the procedure to larger pipe diameters. Currently, the prediction method applies to mild steel and accounts for the effects of sand size, shape, and density; fluid density, viscosity, and flow speed; and pipe size and shape. The proposed method has been verified for gas and liquid flows through several comparisons with experimental data reported in the literature. The results of the model accurately predict the effects of sand size and fluid viscosity observed in the experiments. Furthermore, predicted erosion rates showed good agreement with experimental data for gas, liquid, and gas-liquid flows in several 50.8-mm (2-in.) elbows and tees.

Appling SWAT Model to Explore the Impact of Changes in Land Use and Climate on the Streamflow in a Watershed of Northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
郭军庭 GUO Junting ◽  
张志强 ZHANG Zhiqiang ◽  
王盛萍 WANG Shengping ◽  
STRAUSStrauss Peter STRAUSS Peter ◽  
姚安坤 YAO Ankun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Relative Importance of Land Use and Climate Change on Hydrology in Agricultural Watershed of Southern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6423
Author(s):  
Lanhua Luo ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
Liangxia Duan ◽  
Gaoling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
The Impact

Quantitative assessment of the impact of land use and climate change on hydrological processes is of great importance to water resources planning and management. The main objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the response of runoff to land use and climate change in the Zhengshui River Basin of Southern China, a heavily used agricultural basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the river runoff for the Zhengshui River Basin. Specifically, a soil database was constructed based on field work and laboratory experiments as input data for the SWAT model. Following SWAT calibration, simulated results were compared with observed runoff data for the period 2006 to 2013. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) and the correlation coefficient (R2) for the comparisons were greater than 0.80, indicating close agreement. The calibrated models were applied to simulate monthly runoff in 1990 and 2010 for four scenarios with different land use and climate conditions. Climate change played a dominant role affecting runoff of this basin, with climate change decreasing simulated runoff by −100.22% in 2010 compared to that of 1990, land use change increasing runoff in this basin by 0.20% and the combination of climate change and land use change decreasing runoff by 60.8m3/s. The decrease of forestland area and the corresponding increase of developed land and cultivated land area led to the small increase in runoff associated with land use change. The influence of precipitation on runoff was greater than temperature. The soil database used to model runoff with the SWAT model for the basin was constructed using a combination of field investigation and laboratory experiments, and simulations of runoff based on that new soil database more closely matched observations of runoff than simulations based on the generic Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). This study may provide an important reference to guide management decisions for this and similar watersheds.

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